Unit 3 Fit for life Extended reading Language points ppt课件-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语高二上学期选择性必修第二册.pptx

1、1. There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body.有有证据表明针刺疗法始于石器时代，当时人们用一种叫证据表明针刺疗法始于石器时代，当时人们用一种叫做做“砭砭”的石器来按压身体部位。的石器来按压身体部位。【句式分析句式分析】这是一个主从复合句，主句是这是一个主从复合句，主句是there is evidence, 主句里包含了一个主句里包含了一个that引导的同位语从句。引导的同位语从

2、句。When引导的非限制性定语句，用来解释说明引导的非限制性定语句，用来解释说明the Stone Age。evidence: n. facts or signs that show clearly that something exists or is true 证据；证明证据；证明 that is given in a court of law in order to prove that someone is guilty or not guilty 物物证；证； 人证人证 v. to show that something exists or is true 证明证明eg There

3、is convincing evidence that smoking does harm to health. He refused to give evidence at the trial. 他拒绝出庭作证。他拒绝出庭作证。 The volcano is still active, as evidenced by the recent eruption. 最近的喷发证明，这座火山依然活跃。最近的喷发证明，这座火山依然活跃。【辨析辨析】sign n. an event, fact etc. that shows that something is happening or that som

4、ething is true or exists 迹象，痕迹，迹象，痕迹， 征兆征兆eg The curtains were still drawn and there was no sign of activity. A score of 80 or more is a sign that you are doing very well.(1) evidence for/of sth. 的证据的证据 give / show / bear evidence of 作证作证 be in evidence 显眼；显而易见显眼；显而易见(2) evident adj. 清楚的；显而易见的；显然的清楚

5、的；显而易见的；显然的 It is evident (to sb.) that ( (某人某人) )显然显然 evident in. 在某方面显而易见在某方面显而易见归纳拓展归纳拓展【语境应用语境应用】语语法填空法填空1) He refused to give _ (evident) at the trial.2) It was evident _ me that he was not telling the truth. 3) The growing popularity of the subject is evident _ the numbers of students wanting

6、to study it.4) Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.evidencetointhatdate back to: to have existed since a particular time in the past or for the length of time mentioned =date fromdate from和和date back to 一般不用于进行时态

7、。作后置定语时一般不用于进行时态。作后置定语时, 常用动词常用动词-ing形式形式。eg This temple dates back to the 5th century. The church dates from the 13th century.【拓展拓展】 out of date 过时的过时的, 陈陈旧的旧的 up to date 最近的最近的, 新新式的式的, 现现代代的的 set/ fix a date 定日定日期期【语语境应用境应用】语法填空语法填空1) Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the t

8、ower, _ as early as 800 years ago. (定语从句定语从句)2) Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower, _ as early as 800 years ago. (动动词词-ing作状语作状语)3) All these trees are over 800 years old, with some _ (date) back to 1,000 years ago.4) All the photographs in this book, unless stated ot

9、herwise, date _ the 1950s.which dates from/back todatingdating from/back tofrom2. Some acupuncturists today still use gold and silver needles, but the majority have now switched to stainless steel ones. 今天，一些针灸师仍然使用金针和银针，但大多数已经改今天，一些针灸师仍然使用金针和银针，但大多数已经改用用不不锈钢针。锈钢针。switch: v. to change from doing or

10、using one thing to doing or using another 转转换，转变，改变换，转变，改变 to replace one thing with another, or exchange things 交交换换; 调换调换; 转转换换eg I switched pocketbooks with my sister. He switched the lights from green to red.switch on 把把打开，接打开，接通通switch off 把把关掉，关关掉，关上上switch over 转转换频道，转换频道，转变变eg She switched o

11、n a light to see where her purse was.Glass parked the car and switched the engine off.Could you switch the TV over?归归纳纳n. a piece of equipment that starts or stops the flow of electricity to a machine, light etc when you push it 开开关，电关，电闸闸 a change from one thing to another 转变，改变转变，改变 eg There is a

12、switch on the wall for turning on the lights.He has made a switch from publishing to teaching.3. Up to now, more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified, each linked to a different part of the body.到到目前为止，已有目前为止，已有360多个针刺穴位被确认，每一个学多个针刺穴位被确认，每一个学位位都都与身体的不同部位相连。与身体的不同部位相连。【分析分析】句句中中each linke

13、d to是独立主格结构，是独立主格结构，linked to是是过过去分词短语，其逻辑主语去分词短语，其逻辑主语each指代指代each acupuncture point。如如：Simon was sitting on the sofa, his arms folded across his chest.独立主格结构本身不是句子独立主格结构本身不是句子, 但但在语意上相当于一个句子。独在语意上相当于一个句子。独立主格结构的逻辑主语和句子的主语不同立主格结构的逻辑主语和句子的主语不同, 它它独立存在。独立独立存在。独立主格结构通常在句子中作状语主格结构通常在句子中作状语, 表表示时示时间、原间、

14、原因、条件、伴随因、条件、伴随等。常见的独立主格结构有如下几种：等。常见的独立主格结构有如下几种： (1) 名名词词/代代词词+动动词词-ing/过去分词过去分词(动词与名词或代词构成主动词与名词或代词构成主动动关关系时系时, 用用动词动词-ing；构成被动关系时；构成被动关系时, 用用过去分词过去分词)(2) 名词名词/代代词词+形形容容词词(3) 名词名词/代代词词+副词副词(4) 名词名词/代代词词+不不定定式式(5) 名词名词/代代词词+介介词短词短语语【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1) 有有那个男孩带路那个男孩带路, 我我们没费什么气力就找到了村子里的学校。们没费什么气力就

15、找到了村子里的学校。A boy _, we had no trouble finding the school in the village. (lead)2) 随随着问题的解决着问题的解决, 质质量已经提高了。量已经提高了。_, the quality has been improved. (solve) 3) 他走进屋来他走进屋来, 脸脸色苍白。色苍白。He entered the room, _. leading the wayThe problems solvedhis face pale4. Over the years, acupuncture has been used to t

16、reat a wide variety of health problems, including severe pains, blood pressure issues, 多年来，针灸已被用于治疗各种各样的健康问题，包括严多年来，针灸已被用于治疗各种各样的健康问题，包括严重重疼疼痛、血压问题痛、血压问题 severe adj. extremely bad or serious 十分严重的；十分严重的； very difficult and needing a lot of effort and skill 艰艰难的难的; very strict or disapproving 严格的，严厉的

17、严格的，严厉的【语境应用语境应用】翻译下面句子。翻译下面句子。1) My grandma is a severe woman who seldom smiles._2) Dont be too severe with Brian; he is only a little boy._3) This is a school for children with severe learning difficulties._我我的奶奶是的奶奶是一个严厉一个严厉的人的人，她很少笑。，她很少笑。不要不要对对Brian太太严厉了，他只是个小男孩。严厉了，他只是个小男孩。这是一所专门为学习上有严重困难的孩子们开

18、这是一所专门为学习上有严重困难的孩子们开设的学校。设的学校。5. , acupuncturists have discovered that the treatment helps with mental problems like depression and anxiety too.针灸师发现，这种疗法也有助于缓解抑郁和焦虑等精神问针灸师发现，这种疗法也有助于缓解抑郁和焦虑等精神问题。题。anxiety n. the feeling of being very worried about something 焦焦虑，担心虑，担心 a feeling of wanting to do som

19、ething very much 渴渴望望 (anxiety to do sth.)eg There is considerable anxiety among staff about job losses. There is growing public anxiety over levels of air pollution in our cities. I nearly fell in my anxiety to get downstairs quickly.6. Today, acupuncture is recognized as a symbol of traditional Ch

20、inese culture and has come into widespread use around the world.今天，针灸被公认为中国传统文化的象征，并在世界各地今天，针灸被公认为中国传统文化的象征，并在世界各地广广泛泛使使用。用。symbol n. a picture or shape that has a particular meaning or represents a particular organization or idea象征象征（常与介词常与介词of连用连用）；）； a letter, number, or sign that represents a so

21、und, an amount, a chemical substance etc符符号（常与介号（常与介词词for连用连用） symbol, sign, mark & signal词义词义例句例句symbol 作为象征或表达某种深邃作为象征或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物意义的特殊事物A heart shape is the symbol of love.O2 is the symbol for oxygen in chemistry.sign牌子，指示牌；（用牌子，指示牌；（用手、头等的）示意动作；手、头等的）示意动作；迹象，征兆。迹象，征兆。The sign on the wall said

22、“Now wash your hands”.He kept walking up and down, which was a sure sign he was worried.A red sky in the morning is said to be a sign of bad weather.mark 污点，斑点；（人或污点，斑点；（人或动物身上有助于识别的）动物身上有助于识别的）记号记号Who made these dirty marks on my new book?The horse with a white mark on its head ran across the track

23、.signal传递信息、命令等的信号传递信息、命令等的信号A red light is usually a signal for / of danger. 【语境应用语境应用】用用symbol, sign, signal或或mark填空填空。1) Scientists have found no _ of life on Mars so far.2) All I get is a busy _ when I dial Georges cell phone number. 3) All the students, please put a _ by the subjects you are interested in. 4) I frequently use sunflowers as a _ of strength.signsignalmarksymbol