（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语高二上学期选择性必修第二册知识梳理讲义(全册8份打包).rar

1七选五七选五第二节（共第二节（共 10 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分分，满分 15 分）分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Like many other students, you may have various people, 56 （include）family members and friends, giving input on your college decision. While many of your trusted relatives and peers（同龄人）may have very 57 （value）advice that can help you to make the decision, finally the choice is yours and yours alone. Only you can fully realize which aspects of a college will make you truly happy and 58 （satisfy）, so keep that at the front of your mind. Moreover, fully consider each option. It can be easy 59 （let） a particular school become a front-runner early on 60 your decision-making process, and it may even become the winning choicebut be sure to carefully evaluate every school 61 has accepted you, since you had particular reasons for applying to each school. Do keep 62 open mind. Students can change majors, but remember that theres no re-living a certain semester（学期）, and theres no making up for lost time. Dont go to a school 63 （specific）for a high school relationship 64 to make someone else happy. A 65 （student）college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or her education first. 第二节（共第二节（共 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 12.5 分）分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Apps（short for applications）are becoming increasingly popular nowadays, and for good reason. They can help you out in just about every area of your life, whether its keeping fit, communicating with friends, or even learning a language. 36 Heres what you should think about before downloading an app for language learning. Learn from diverse sources（not just apps）Any seasoned language learner will tell you that the beauty of mastering a foreign language is the world which it opens up to you. This is a world of diverse sources（来源）of information, from newspapers and books to TV, radio, 2music and even real people. Would you limit yourself to one medium in your native language? 37 Establish your purpose and plan your habitsDo you want to be fluent in weeks or are you in it for the brain training? The good apps are designed to help you fit your studies around your timetable. 38 These apps encourage habit building, because the successful formation of a habit ensures your safe and regular return. Make it social 39 I mean social for real. I owe the speed of progress I made in Italian to the support from Jim, my partner in study time. Find a friend to accompany you. Take an evening class. Borrow a book. Buy a book. Book a week away and attend a language school. Just dont forget your phone!If I may speak sincerely, the combination of app, language school, Jim, evenings out, and a choice book or two proved extremely effective. 40 A. I recommend it. B. Remember that an app is just a tool. C. No, I dont mean posting your progress online. D. I encourage you to use apps as often as you can. E. Probably not, so why do so in your new language?F. The best apps adapt themselves based upon your behavior. G. However, you need to know how to use them properly to really benefit. 3【知识梳理知识梳理 1】考查类型试卷年份体裁题材段首句段中句段末句高考命题者说2019 年说明文社会生活2302018 年记叙文社会生活122全国卷2017 年议论文社会生活2212019 年议论文社会生活140全国卷2018 年说明文社会生活2211.考查特点：考查以说明文为主，内容、主题多是社会生活和文化科技；题型以段中句为主，段首句和段尾句为辅。其中有考查非完整句的情况。2.素养考查：话题多关注情感态度、心理及精神培育、生活技能等，与当代社会生活紧密相关，人文气息浓厚，引导学生关爱自我、关爱社会、热爱42017 年说明文社会生活1402019 年说明文社会生活1312018 年说明文文化艺术221全国卷2017 年说明文社会生活131生活、传播正能量。3.命题趋势：选材注重两方面的内容：一是贴近考生、贴近生活、新颖、时代感强的材料；二是逻辑性强，结构严谨，层次分明，突出对“篇章结构”的整体理解，侧重考查考生的逻辑思维能力。解题步骤：解题步骤：通常来说，解答七选五题型，我们要遵循以下几个步骤，以求得最大正答率。1通读全文，了解文章大意这是一个泛读的过程，目的是了解文章大意，为以后的理解做铺垫。2分析句型，了解语法构成当我们了解了文章大意后，要明确每一个空是填一个完整的句子还是从句。这一点十分重要，它能够帮助我们迅速确定某些空的选项范围，比如，有一个空的结尾处是逗号，后文紧跟着一个句子，很显然这时我们需要填一个从句，可以在七个选项中找到是从句的选项，从而缩小选择范围。3明确关联关系任何句子都是要么和上文有联系，要么和下文有联系，要么和上下文都有联系，因为一篇文章不仅仅是句子的整合，也是有含义的连贯性的，怎样确定这种关系？(1)根据位置：注意空缺处在文中的位置，当空缺处在段首时，应注意此段首句之后的部分，这是因为文章的每一段往往构成总分结构，这一点在说明文和议论文中尤为明显，而七选五的选材往往是说明文和议论文；当空缺处在段中时，则需要看空缺处前后的内容；当空缺处在段末时，则需要看前文的内容，因为这一句最有可能是对整段的一个总结和概括。当然，以上分析只是主流情形，也有可能出现其他情况，这时需要具体问题具体分析。(2)根据含义：在第一步了解大意的基础上，现在要做的是详细阅读以便明确每一个空的具体关联关系，这时要结合选项同时做(注意在第二步范围缩小的基础上)，常见的关联关系有：顺承、转折、因果、并列、举例。最常见的就是根据代词含义，因为如果上文出现了某个名词或概念时，后文再次提及它，往往为了避免重复，会使用代词，只是后文对前文的一个很好的提示，例如：后文出现了 it，那前文出现的名词一定是可数名词单数或者不可数名词或者是一件事；后文出现了 this man，那前文一定要有一句话在说这个人的情况，后文才能用 this 这个代词，等等；其次，根据形容词、副词确定关联关系也比较常见，形容词、副词往往表达了作者的感情色彩，这对于我们排除干扰选项十分关键，比如：上文所使用的形容词、副词全是褒义词汇，语调阳光积极，后文如果和前文是顺承关系，必然也应该用正能量的语调；当然，根据其他词汇确定关联关系也都有可能。4宏观把握，选择最佳答案最后作答时，当我们对于某一个空有两个不同的答案时，我们将其分别代入，选择最佳答案，这一点很5简单。5带入通读，复查做完题目后，我们很有必要将自己修正好的文章通读一遍，将其看作一篇行文通顺语意连贯的文章来读，这时如果感到有含义不连贯的地方，很有可能是我们填错了空，就要复查了。注意：七选五的特点在于，错一道，往往还会错另外的一道或几道，我们叫作“连错”，所以当你发现自己有一处填的有问题时，一定要同时检查其他空。【知识梳理知识梳理 2】1挖空位置推理法段首句【例题精讲例题精讲】江苏省苏州市 2020-2021 学年高二上学期期末学业质量阳光指标调研英语第二节（共第二节（共 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 12.5 分）分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。If you have children, you know that keeping peace in your family can be difcult.t One minute your children are getting along well and the next minute theyre mad with each other. So taking steps to encourage healthy sibling (兄弟姐妹) relationships is necessary.6Respect each childs unique needsTreating your children the same way isnt always practical._36_For example, instead of buying your children the same gifts to avoid conflict, consider buying them different gifts that reflect their individual interests.Avoid comparisonsComparing your childrens abilities can make them feel hurt and insecure. _37_ When praising one of your children, describe his or her action or accomplishmentrather than comparing it to how his or her sibling does it._38_Make sure your children understand what you consider acceptable and unacceptable behavior when it comes to interacting with each other, as well as the consequences of misbehavior. For example, discourage your children from quarreling and correcting each other.Prepare for the problemsIf your children cant settle a disagreement by themselves or they routinely fight over the same things, help them find a solution. For example, if you have young children Who have trouble haring, help them create a weekly sharing. _39_Listen too your children_40_ Allow your children to voice their bad feelings about each other. Respond by admitting their feelings If you have sibling, share stories of your own childhood conflicts. family dinners also provide opportunities for talking and listening.Remember, all siblings fight or argue. Sibling rivalry(竞争) is normal and all you have to do is to help control conflict between your kids.A. Set the ground rules.7B. Being a sibling can be annoying.C. Stay away from childrens battles.D. Focus on meting each childs needs.E. Explain the results of not following it.F. Dont discuss the differences between children in front of hemG. When possible take your child aside to discuss his or her behavior.第二节（共第二节（共 5 小题；每小題小题；每小題 2.5 分，満分分，満分 12.5 分）分）36-40 DFAEB7 选 5 阅读 答案：36-40 DFAEB这篇文章主要讲如何培养兄弟姐妹间的和睦关系详细解析第 36 题 根据小标题 respect each childs unique needs 和上文 buy them different gifts that reflect their individual interests 可知作者建议父母尊重并满足孩子的不同需求。D 选项中的 meet each childs needs 与原文是同义替换。故选 D。第 37 题 这一段主要讲的是不要比较不同孩子的能力。F 选项中的 discuss the differences between children 和原文中的 compare childrens abilities 呼应。虽然 G 选项和 F 选项都提及不要当着孩子的面谈论孩子，但相较之下，G 选项只强调 behavior，与原文提到的 ability 和 accomplishment 缺乏呼应。故选F。8第 38 题 这一段主要讲的是要让孩子知道哪些行为是可接受的，哪些行为是不可接受的。A 选项中的 ground rules 指基本原则、准则，与原文呼应。故选 A。第 39 题 根据上文可以看出这一空的语境是作者举了一个例子来说明父母如何帮助孩子解决问题。这个例子是当孩子们不会相互分享时，父母可以帮助他们制定一个每周计划安排。由此推断，这一空应该与父母制定计划这一举动有关，而 E 选项中的 explain the result of not following it 符合上述分析，且其中的 it 可以理解为指代原文中的 weekly schedule。故选 E。第 40 题 这一段之所以不选 G 是因为 G 只是强调兄弟姐妹，不强调互动，无法与后面的 each other 形成呼应，而 B 选项中的 annoying 与原文的 bad feelings about each other 呼应。 故选 B。【知识梳理知识梳理 3】段中题【例题精讲例题精讲】(2018全国卷节选)If you are already making the time to exercise，it is good indeed！With such busy lives，it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.36._ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.Your productivity is improved.Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day._37.E_9Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start.38._ If you work out in the mornings，then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day，not in your sleep.AYou will stick to your diet.BYour quality of sleep improves.CYou prefer healthy food to fast food.DThere is no reason you should exercise in the morning.EYou can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.FAfter you exercise，you continue to burn calories throughout the day.GIf you are planning to do exercise regularly，or youre doing it now，then listen up!解题思路第 36 题，设空处位于段中，属于段中题。此句为过渡句，承上启下。根据下文的“Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.”可知，此处要表示“假如你计划定期锻炼，或者现在正在锻炼的话，那么听好了”，故选_G_项。第 38 题，设空处位于段中，属于段中题。这一段说的是晨练有助于人体的新陈代谢，能让你一整天都感受到晨练消耗卡路里带来的好处。F 项“晨练之后你还会在一天时间里继续消耗卡路里”中的关键词“throughout the day”与文中的“the whole day”呼应。故选_F_。典例 2 (2017北京卷)Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.74._ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 percent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.DThe processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.EThats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.GTononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.解题思路该段首句说“现在我们有最直接的证据证明他的假设是对的”，那接下来应该具体描述该证据。此外，该空后面一句话解释了实验的结果和意义。综合看来，只有_G_项符合语境，指出了研究团队、实验对象及实验内容。【知识梳理知识梳理 4】段尾句10【例题精讲例题精讲】江苏省常州市 20202021 学年高二第一学期期末英语试题第二节（共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Be Happy: 3 Habits to Add to Your RoutineHappiness looks different for everyone. For you, maybe its being at peace with who you are. Or having a secure network of friends who accept you unconditionally. Or the freedom to pursue your deepest dreams. 36 A few adjustments to your regular habits can help you get there.* Smile more often. You tend to smile when youre happy. 37 We smile because were happy, and smiling causes the brain to release dopamine, which makes us happier. That doesnt mean you have to go around with a fake smile on your face all the time. But the next time you find yourself feeling low, crack a smile and see what happens. Or try starting each morning by smiling at yourself in the mirror.* 38 You arrive for an appointment with 10 minutes to spare. What do you do with that time? Pick up your cell phone to scroll through social media? Worry about the busy week you have ahead of you? 39 At the start of each month, make a short list of happy memories or things youre looking forward to on a small piece of paper or on your 11phone. When you find yourself waiting for a ride, standing in line at the grocery store, or just with a few minutes to kill, break out the list.* Face stress head-on. Life is full of stress, and its impossible to avoid all of them. Theres no need to. Its said that stress isnt always harmful, and we can even change our attitudes about stress. Learn more about the upside of stress. For the stress you cant avoid, remind yourself that everyone has stress - theres no reason to think its all on you. 40 Instead of letting yourself get overwhelmed, try to face the stress head-on. This might mean starting an uncomfortable conversation or putting in some extra work, but the sooner you handle it, the sooner the pit in your stomach will start to shrink.A. Take time to reflect.B. Create a thought list.C. But its actually a two-way street.D. And chances are, youre stronger than you think you are.E. Take control of your thoughts during these brief windows of time.F. Remind yourself of any fun activities you once enjoyed, but that have fallen by the wayside.G. Regardless of your version of happiness, living a happier, more satisfied life is within reach.第二节第二节 七选五（共七选五（共 5 小题：每小题小题：每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 12.5 分）分）36-40 GCBED【知识梳理知识梳理 5】词汇复现法复现，是为保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同源词复现、同义词/近义词、反义词复现等。12【例题精讲例题精讲】典例 1 (2019全国卷)Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question：“Should I jump？”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. 36._ Like the child on the diving board，you will stay undecided._37.B_More than that，how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？First，you need to evaluate yourself，your values，your strengths，your weaknesses，your achievements，your desires，etc. Only then should you set your goals.AThis can affect your work.BSo how should you motivate yourself?CHowever，this should not discourage you.DSo why should we try to set specific goals?EThey can change according to circumstances.FMotivation is what you need most to do a good job.GWithout motivation，you can neither set a goal nor reach it.解题思路词汇锁定法解题。空格前有 motivation and goal setting，而且说它们是同一枚硬币的两面，缺一不可，由此可知此处讲动力与设定目标的关系，故_G_项“没有动力，你既不能设定目标也不能实现它”符合语境典例 2 (2017全国卷)I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness.38._ Instead, we had a popup camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My natureloving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.AThis time there was no tent.BThings are going to be improved.CThe trip they took me on was a rough one.DI was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.EI must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.FAfter the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.GThere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.13解题思路解此题可运用词汇同现法。该空前面的部分说明了作者被说服参加另一次野营活动，而空后则说这次野营活动有舒服的床和空调，因此空处的论述应该是在“住宿”这一范畴内，几个选项中只有_A_项合适。【知识梳理知识梳理 6】代词线索法英语文章中代词出现的频率极高，代词一般用来指代前面提及的名词，考生如果能巧妙地利用这样的指代关系或根据代词的单复数就可以准确而快速地解题。【例题精讲例题精讲】典例 (2018全国卷)Over the years，there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.37._，they can get a little complex.But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home：the small ones，the medium ones，and the large ones.AWhile all of them are usefulBWhatever youre looking forCIf youre experimenting with a colorDSmall color choices are the ones were most familiar withEIts not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesFSo it pays to be sure，because you want to get it right the first timeGColor choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways解题思路解此题可运用代词线索法。空格后的 they 指代上文中的 techniques，且与 A 项中的 all of them 相呼应，代入 A 项“尽管它们都很有用”，符合语境，故选_A_。【知识梳理知识梳理 7】逻辑关系线索法一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系，有时甚至包含不止一种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，作出正确的判断。【例题精讲例题精讲】14Building Trust in a Relationship AgainYou didnt lose “everything”Once trust is lost, what is l