Unit 4 Living with technology 单元词汇详解-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语高二选择性必修二.doc

1、牛津英语单元词汇详解选择性必修二Unit 4 Living with technologyWord listsSupportive sentences1. castle /ksl/ n. 城堡 (44)(build) castles in the air（建）空中楼阁，幻想，空想 (44)【原句背诵】How cool that would be! It may seem like building castles in the air, but given the rate at which artificial intelligence, or AI, is being developed,

2、 in the future such dreams may actually come true. 2. input /npt/ n. 输入的信息；投入vt. (input, input) 输入（信息） (44)【原句背诵】One of the essential aims of AI is to developcomputer intelligence capable of learning from experience, adjusting to new inputs and performing tasks like humans. 【拓展】input (into/to sth)/(

3、of sth) 投入资源（指时间、知识、思想等）；投入；输入to input text/data/figures 把文本数据数字输【反义词】output n. 输出，输出量；产量；出产 vt. 输出【误区】input的现在分词是 inputting，过去式input或inputted，过去分词 input或inputted。Its up to the teacher to provide a variety of types of input in the classroom. 教师负责在课堂上提供各种各样的信息资源。There has been a big input of resource

4、s into the project from industry. 工业界对这个项目投入了大量资源。Her specialist input to the discussions has been very useful. 她在这些讨论中提供的专家建议很有助益。The computer acts as a word processor where the text of a speech can be input at any time. 计算机起着文字处理器的作用，一篇讲话的文本可随时输入。3. capacity /kpsti/ n. 领悟（或理解、办事）能力；容量，容积；职位，职责；生产量

5、 (44)4. analyse /nlaz/ vt. (AmE analyze) 分析(44)5. massive /msv/ adj. 巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的 (44)6. network /netwk/ n. 网络，网状系统；关系网，人际网；（互联）网络 (44)【原句背诵】Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain.【拓展】a capacit

6、y (for sth/for doing sth)/(to do sth) 领悟（或理解、办事）能力analysis n. 分析；分解；验定（复数形式analyses）make an analysis of分析analyst n. 分析者；分解者；精神分析医师analytical adj. 分析的；分解的She has an enormous capacity for hard work. 她特别能吃苦耐劳。 Limited resources are restricting our capacity for developing new products. 有限的资源正制约着我们开发新产品的

7、能力。The newly-completed stadium in Wuhan has a seating capacity of 80,000. 武汉新建成的体育场能容纳80,000名观众。McCarthy was asked to analyse the data from the first phase of trials of the vaccine. 麦卡西被要求分析从这种疫苗试验的第一阶段取得的数据。The patient suffered a massive heart attack. 病人严重心脏病发作了。Janet Jacksons new album has been he

8、ralded（宣布；公告） by a massive media campaign. 珍妮特杰克逊的新唱片已在媒体上进行了大规模的宣传。【链接高考】（2021全国乙卷）For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites. 对于

9、世界上最大的体育场，我们使用了迄今为止世界地图集列表提供的数据，该列表根据体育场声明的永久容量以及来自体育场官方网站的最新信息，给它们进行排名。（2015江苏卷）A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” 著名的美国人詹姆斯麦迪逊曾提到：“人类自治的能力。”（2013天津卷）My definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”. 我对幸福的定义是“享受的能力”。（2014江西卷）N

10、evertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from one point of view. 然而，我们决不能犯错误，只从一个角度分析进展的情况。（2012）陕西卷）For instance, a report that analysed nearly two decades of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop product

11、ion. 例如，一份分析了近20年主要转基因食品作物研究的报告显示，转基因工程未能显著提高美国作物产量。（2021全国乙卷）He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. 他用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑，督促观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。7. coin /kn/ vt. 创造（新词语） (44)【原句背诵】Years before the term “artificia

12、l intelligence” was coined in the mid-1950s, the theory had been explored by Alan Turing, one of the pioneers in the field of computer science.Jaron Lanier coined the term virtual reality and pioneered its early development. 加隆雷尼尔首创“虚拟现实”一词，并率先进行早期开发。The term cardboard city was coined to describe co

13、mmunities of homeless people living in cardboard boxes. 人们创造了cardboard city一词，用来指居住在纸板棚屋里无家可归者的居住区。8. breakthrough /brekru/ n. 重大进展，突破adj. 突破性的 (45)【原句背诵】However, for a long time, AI technology developed very slowly. A major breakthrough in AI came in 1997, when Deep Blue, a chess- playing computer,

14、 beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov.【拓展】to make/achieve a breakthrough 作出取得突破性进展a significant breakthrough in negotiations 谈判中的重大突破a major breakthrough in cancer research 癌症研究中的重要突破The Huawei Company looks poised（镇定的） to make a significant breakthrough in 5G-tech in China. 在中国，华为公司一定会在5G技术

15、方面实现一次重大突破。Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer. 科学家们宣称攻克癌症已有重大的突破。Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune. 在那之后不久，Perkin 取得了科学上的突破，这给他带来了名声和财富。China has made a breakthrough in hybrid rice, which can

16、grow as high as 2 meters. 中国在杂交水稻上取得了突破，这种水稻可以长到2米高。【链接高考】（2011天津卷）It turned out to be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem I was working on. 这对解决我正在研究的数学问题来说是一个真正的突破。9. finance /fanns; fanns/ n. 财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理 vt. 提供资金 (45)10. to name but a few（表示列举）等等 (45)【原句背诵】Nowadays, AI i

17、s already being applied in many fields: finance, health care, natural language processing and art, to name but a few.【拓展】financial adj. 金融的；财政的，财务的financier n. 金融家，理财家，财政家；投资家，（为项目或企业）提供资金者Finance for education comes from taxpayers. 教育经费来自纳税人。The report recommends an overhaul of public finances. 这份报

18、告建议对公共财政进行彻底检查。The fund has been used largely to finance the construction of schools in remote areas. 该基金大部分已用于资助建造偏远地区的学校。Activities available include volleyball, shooting and swimming to name but a few. 就举几个例子吧，所设的活动项目包括排球、射击和游泳。Bees, bats and rodents, to name but a few, can see what humans cant -

19、 ultraviolet light.我们列举几种如蜜蜂，蝙蝠和啮齿动物等，它们可以看到人类看不到的紫外线。【链接高考】（2021全国乙卷）Provide68_(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.【Key：financial】（2021浙江卷）That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie rev

20、iewers would not rate it highly. 这部电影让他进入了职业生涯的后半段，他的喜剧表现就足以让一部电影获得经济上的成功，即使电影评论家不会给它很高的评价。（2011北京卷）You will discover that our focus has broadened to include well-researched, timely and informative articles on finance, home improvement, travel, humor, and many other fields. 你会发现，我们的关注点已经扩展到包括金融、家居装修

21、、旅游、幽默和其他领域的深入研究、及时和翔实的文章。11. autonomous /tnms/ adj. 自主的，有自主权的；自治的 (45)12. domestic /dmestk/ adj. 家庭的，家用的；本国的，国内的 (45)【原句背诵】From autonomous vehicles to domestic robots, from recommendation systems to computers writing novels, AI has an unlimited number of applications. 【拓展】autonomous region 自治区auton

22、omy n. 自治，自治权autonomic adj. 自主的；不受意志支配的autonomously adv. 自治地；独立自主地domestic affairs/politics 国内事务政治domestic flights (= to and from places within a country) 国内航班Gross Domestic Product (GDP)国内生产总值The teacher treated us as autonomous individuals who had to learn to make up our own minds about issues. 老师

23、视我们为独立个体，必须学会自主处理问题。Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is boasted for its picturesque scenery. 广西壮族自治区以风景如画而著称。Output consists of both exports and sales on the domestic market. 产量包括出口和国内市场销售两部分。Their domestic reforms did nothing to solve the problem of unemployment. 他们的国内改革没有采取任何措施以解决失业问题。【链接高考】（2020浙

24、江卷）Rather, an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics: children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the reasons behind rules are stressed children are given an appropriate level of autonomy (自主权). 相反，权威型的育儿方式包括以下一些特征：孩子们从父亲那里感受到温暖和爱；强调责任和规则背

25、后的原因，孩子们被给予适当程度的自主权。（2016北京卷）The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. 大学时代应该是自主成长和成年身份发展的重要时期。13. threaten /retn/ vt. 危及，对构成威胁；威胁，恐吓 (45)【参考词条38】【原句背诵】Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten the existen

26、ce of humans? 【拓展】threat n. 威胁，恐吓threatened adj. 受到威胁的; v. 威胁（threaten的过去分词）threatening adj. 危险的；胁迫的；凶兆的; v. 威胁；恐吓；迫近（threaten的ing形式）【误区】threatened表示“被动”意义，threatening表示“主动”意义。Humans also threaten carnivorous plants in other ways. 人类还以其他方式对食肉植物产生威胁。Its neither aliens nor a rare disease that will thr

27、eaten the human race in the future, but climate change. 未来威胁人类的不是外星人，也不是罕见的疾病，而是气候变化。He was threatened with dismissal if he continued to turn up late for work. 他受到警告，如果继续上班迟到，就被辞退。Plastics pollution is threatening marine life. 塑料污染正危及海洋生物。【链接高考】（2015陕西卷）On a more global level, the destruction of the

28、 rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens (威胁) human life. 在全球的层面上，获得阳光充足的咖啡田而破坏雨林也威胁到人类的生命。（2013天津卷）Animals survival is threatened by outdoor lighting. 动物的生存受到户外照明的威胁。（2017江苏卷）The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. 由于全球变暖，那里的冰川

29、消失，对农业构成巨大威胁。14. commit /kmt/ vt. 犯（罪）；承诺，保证；花（钱或时间）vi. 全身心投入，忠于 (45) 15. crime /kram/ n. 罪，罪行；犯罪活动 (45)16. murder /md(r)/ vt. & n. 谋杀，凶杀 (45)【原句背诵】How would they be punished if they committed crimes or even murdered humans?【拓展】commit a crime 做出（错或非法的事）；犯（罪或错等）commit murder etc. 犯凶杀罪等commit sb/onese

30、lf (to sth/to doing sth) 承诺，保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等）commitment n. 承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身；花费金钱、时间、人力等【误区】在be committed to中，to是介词，其后要接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。People who commit such crimes arent normal. 犯这种罪的人心理不正常。Perhaps the prime reason is that drug addicts may commit crimes when they are in short of money. 或许最主要的原因是有毒瘾

31、的人在缺钱的时候可能会犯罪。Soon after, she knew she had to make a bold move to fully commit to her new future. 不久之后，她知道她必须做出大胆的举动，以充分投入于她的新未来。The President is committed to reforming health care. 总统承诺要改革卫生保健制度。【链接高考】（2017天津卷）The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. 最尴尬的邮件错误通常是在愤怒时犯的。（2014江西卷）

32、Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from one point of view. 然而，我们决不能犯错误，只从一个角度分析进展的情况。（2011福建卷）Drivers who cause traffic accidents, or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested. 造成交通事故、违反交通规则或涉嫌酒后驾驶的司机都将接受测试。17. urg

33、e /d/ vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策n. 冲动，强烈的欲望 (45)18. pose /pz/ vt. 造成，产生；提问，质询vi. 摆好姿势n. 姿势 (45)【原句背诵】As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. 【拓展】urge sth (on/upon sb) 大力推荐；竭力主张urge sb to do sth敦促某人做某事have

34、 an urge to do sth做某事的欲望urgency n. 紧急；催促；紧急的事The situation is dangerous, and the UN is urging caution. 局势岌岌可危，联合国力主谨慎行事。The representatives urged Congress to approve plans for their reform programme. 代表敦促国会批准他们有关改革项目的计划。Tom had an urge to open a shop of his own on the Internet. 汤姆很想开一家自己的网店。【链接高考】（2

35、020天津卷）Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. 总之，这些人类深层的欲望比野心更重要。（2012湖北卷）Written by Sophia Jex-Blake in 1873, the seven-page document, which urged the university to allow women to study medicine at the institution, was released yesterday on International Womens Da

36、y. 这份长达7页的文件由索菲亚杰克斯布莱克于1873年撰写，在昨天的国际妇女节当天公布。文件敦促牛津大学允许女性在该机构学医。（2016江苏卷）There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught .but naturally possessed in young children. 有几个理由相信，帮助、告知和分享的冲动不是教出来的，而是小孩子天生具有的。（2016浙江卷）The next time you feel the urge to spread th

37、e latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects yourjuicy storymight have. 下次当你想要传播最新消息的时候，想想为什么你要八卦，你的“有趣的故事”可能会产生什么影响。19. apparently /prntli/ adv. 显然，可见 (45)20. warning /wn/ n. 警告，先兆；警戒 (45)21. demand /dmnd/ vt. 需要；强烈要求n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要 (45)【原句背诵】Apparently, such warnings demand

38、our attention. 【拓展】apparent adj. 显然的；明显的；表面上的to give sb a verbal/written/final warning 向某人发出口头书面最后警告warn vt. 警告，提醒；通知 vi. 发出警告，发出预告warn sb of sth警告某人某事a demand for需要in demand 非常需要的；受欢迎的to meet/satisfy their customers demands 满足客户要求to meet the demand for a product 满足对某产品的需求supply and demand供求demand t

39、o do sth要求做某事demand sth of/from sb要求某人某物demand that (should) do sth要求做某事【误区1】不能用demand sb to do sth结构。【误区2】在demand that结构中，that引导的从句谓语动词要使用虚拟语气，即(should) +动词原形，其中should可以省略。The movie has been criticized for apparently advocating violence. 这部电影因明显地宣扬暴力而受到了指责。Doctors issued a warning against eating an

40、y fish caught in the river. 医生发出警告不要吃在那条河里捕的鱼。The bridge collapsed without (any) warning. 那座桥在没有任何先兆的情况下坍塌了。She had ignored the warning signs of trouble ahead. 她没有理会警示前方危险的标志。Human rights groups are demanding an investigation into the shooting. 人权组织正强烈要求对这一枪击案进行调查。He said the task of reconstruction

41、would demand much patience, hard work, and sacrifice. 他说重建工作会需要高度坚韧、勤劳和奉献。Theres an increased demand for organic produce these days. 目前对有机农产品有更大的需求。They are demanding that all troops (should) be withdrawn. 他们强烈要求所有部队撤离。【链接高考】（2018北京卷）14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass apparently bro

42、ken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms stomachs. 14小时后，这些薄膜损失了13%的质量显然是被蠕虫胃里的酶分解了。（2019天津卷）Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. 科学家已经建立了一个基于数学模型的早期预警系统。（2016江苏卷）But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governme

43、nts can prepare. 但是这样的厄尔尼诺会提前几个月预警出现，人们对其发生的原因已经有了很多了解，政府可以做好准备。（2012江西卷）But his fathers warning only served to make Mark more curious. 但他父亲的警告只会让马克更加好奇。（2020浙江卷）Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed. 自适应信号可以确保那里的交通需求得到解决。（2015四川卷）It also asked mothe

44、rs about the challenges they face, with 80 percent making emotional demand as the hardest thing about motherhood. 调查还询问了母亲们面临的挑战，80%的母亲认为情感需求是做母亲最困难的事情。（2018江苏卷）The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friendsand friends of friends to demand “lik

45、es” for their online posts. 这些年轻人承认，他们计划出游，寻找可能的拍照机会，然后给朋友朋友的朋友发信息，要求他们对自己的网上帖子点赞。22. victim /vktm/ n. 受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品 (45)fall victim to 受伤，受损，被害 (45)【原句背诵】We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to AI. He was a victim of racial prejudice. 他是种族偏见的一个牺牲品。She was the innocent victim of a traf

46、fic accident. 她是一起交通肇事案的无辜受害者。The villagers were the victims of a cruel hoax（骗局）. 村民成了一大骗局的上当受骗者。【链接高考】（2021新高考I卷）The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. 准确理解

47、他人感受的能力可能被医生用来找出如何最好地帮助她的病人，而骗子可能会利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者。（2017江苏卷）In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. 在秘鲁，在因气候变

48、化而受到影响的冰川山峰的周边，当地的农民已经开始把整个山峰刷成白色，希望增加的反射能恢复生命之冰。（2015全国卷I）Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle-longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generations desire to spend more time at home. 多年来，巴黎的咖啡馆成了法国生活方式变化的牺牲品工作时间延长、快餐热潮以及年轻一代希望更多时间呆在家里。23. greedy /ridi/