Unit 4 Grammar and usage ppt课件-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修第四册.pptx

1、A Exploring the rulesBelow is a brief introduction to vocational education. Match each sentence with the correct type in the table. Write down the numbers. The first one has been done for you.2345678910compound-complex sentence Simple sentences(简单句简单句) Compound sentences(并列句并列句) Complex sentences(复合

2、句复合句) Compound-complex sentence(并列复合句并列复合句)Focus on Focus on 基本结构基本结构Analysis of complicated sentencesRead and point out their sentence patterns. All of us laughed! I miss my grandma. The teacher was kind and friendly. He told us a funny story. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and

3、 helpful. He talked too much. I had my first maths class at senior high school.主语主语+ +谓语谓语 (SV)主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +宾语宾语 (SVO)主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +表语表语 (SVP)主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +间接宾语间接宾语+ +直接宾语直接宾语 (SVOO)主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +宾语宾语+ +宾补宾补 (SVOC)主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +状语状语 (SVA)主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +宾语宾语+ +状语状语 (SVOA)A simple sentencecontains a _

4、and a _. Observe and say subjectverbSimple sentence (简单句简单句)Compound sentence (并列句并列句)Read the following sentences. Circle the linking words and underline the main clauses.1. The Internet is useful and we use it a lot.2. Shall I send the book to you, or will you come to get it?3. I have travelled to

5、 many places, but I still want to visit more.4. They have different ideas, so they have solved the problem in different ways.5. Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs, or you could have problems.由由并列连词并列连词或其他或其他并列手段并列手段连接连接两个或两个以上的简单句两个或两个以上的简单句而成而成的句子叫的句子叫作作并列句并列句。基本结构基本结构：简单句简单句 +

6、+ 并列连词并列连词 + + 简单句简单句。“but”表转折关系表转折关系不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系。不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系。1. The Internet is useful and we use it a lot.2. Shall I send the book to you, or will you come to get it?3. I have travelled to many places, but I still want to visit more.4. They have different ideas, so they have solve

7、d the problem in different ways.5. Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs, or you could have problems.“and”表并列关系表并列关系表示表示并列关系和递进关系并列关系和递进关系的并列连词有的并列连词有: and, bothand, as well as, not onlybut also, neithernor等。等。“or”表选择关系表选择关系表示表示转折和对比关系转折和对比关系的并列连词有的并列连词有: but, yet, whereas, while等。等

8、。表示表示选择关系选择关系的并列连词有的并列连词有: or, or else, otherwise, eitheror, notbut等。等。“so”表因果关系表因果关系表示表示因果关系因果关系的并列连词有的并列连词有: so, for, thus, therefore等。等。“or”表结果关系表结果关系表示表示条件或结果条件或结果的常用句型有的常用句型有: 祈使句祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句陈述句Complex sentence (复合句复合句)Read the following sentences. Mark the clauses, and identify the types

9、 of the clauses.1. What surprised me most was his way of speaking. 2. His suggestion is that we should stay calm.3. I felt that she had a strong will.4. They were worried over the fact that you were sick.5. The letter that I received yesterday was from my sister.6. As she had a passion for walking,

10、we started off on foot. 主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句（原因）状语从句（原因）状语从句由由一个主句一个主句和和一个或一个以上从句一个或一个以上从句合成的句子叫作合成的句子叫作复合句复合句。从句从句可以作句子的可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语或状语主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语或状语。Compound-complex sentence (并列复合句并列复合句)Read the following sentence. Circle the linking word and underline the main

11、clauses, then mark the clauses.Many men who spend their working life in the city devote their weekends to voluntary toil in their gardens, and when the spring comes, they experience all the joy of having created beauty. 两个两个或或两个以上两个以上并列的分句，其中一个或多个并列的分句，其中一个或多个又是主从复合句结构，这种句子被称为又是主从复合句结构，这种句子被称为并列复并列复

12、合句合句。定语从句定语从句时间状语从句时间状语从句B Applying the rules1 I was asked to write a 2,000-word essay. I decided to finish in two days. I would have time to read it before I handed it in._2 Patrick was a college student. He worked part-time in a company. He wanted to pay for his college education._3 The vocational

13、 education system often combines classroom learning with training in the workplace. Most students graduate not only with a clear understanding of their trade but also with work experience._Rewrite the following sentences using proper linking words.P49 B1 Check your answers!1 I was asked to write a 2

14、,000-word essay. I decided to finish in two days. I would have time to read it before I handed it in._When I was asked to write a 2,000-word essay, I decided to finish in two days, and in that case I would have time to read it before I handed it in.Check your answers!2 Patrick was a college student.

15、 He worked part-time in a company. He wanted to pay for his college education._When Patrick was a college student, he worked part-time in a company because he wanted to pay for his college education.Check your answers!3 The vocational education system often combines classroom learning with training

16、in the workplace. Most students graduate not only with a clear understanding of their trade but also with work experience._The vocational education system often combines classroom learning with training in the workplace, by which most students graduate not only with a clear understanding of their tr

17、ade but also with work experience.The passage below is about Leons experience of vocational education in Germany. Complete it with proper linking words.P49 B2andifwherethat/whichsoand In groups of three, one student starts a story on the topic of learning with a simple sentence. The second student a

18、dds a clause to make a compound or complex sentence. The third student adds another clause to make a compound-complex sentence. Take turns to continue the story. Use the example below to help youP49 B3 1.(2021全国新高考全国新高考I卷语言语用第二节卷语言语用第二节)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles song

19、 “The long and Winding Road”. _ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 2. (2021全国甲卷短文改错全国甲卷短文改错) In my opinion, where in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust most.直击高考直击高考Whatwhen/whenever3. (2021年年1月浙江卷语言运用第二节月浙江卷语言运用第二节) In a study of 33 years of trend

20、s in Body Mass Index (体重体重指数指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier _ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool _ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 直击高考

21、直击高考that/whichand4. (2021年年八省联考语言运用第二节八省联考语言运用第二节) Do keep an open mind. Srudents can change majors, _ remember that theres no re-living a certain semester(学期学期), and theres no making up for lost time. Dont go to a school specifically for a high school relationship _ to make someone else happy.直击高考直

22、击高考orbut直击高考直击高考5.(2020全国新高考全国新高考I卷语言运用第二节卷语言运用第二节) They kept their collection at home until it got too big _until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum _ opened in 1759.orwhich/tha

23、t直击高考直击高考6. (2020浙江卷浙江卷7月语言运用第二节月语言运用第二节) Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived in, through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on_ could be hunted or gathered from the wild,.what直击高考直击高考7.(2020全国全国II卷短文改错卷短文改错) Actu

24、ally, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice. Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together every day.but/yetso构成构成标志词标志词简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句并列复合句并列复合句两个或两个以上的两个或两个以上的简单句简单句一个主句和一个或一个主句和一个或一个以上从句一个以上从句两个或两个以上并两个或两个

25、以上并列的分句，其中一列的分句，其中一个或多个又是主从个或多个又是主从复合句结构复合句结构and, but, or, so, for what, which, that, who, how SV/SVP/SVO/SVOO/SVOC.注注: 另附另附word文文档，点此链接档，点此链接I. Combine each pair of sentences into a compound sentence, using proper conjunctions.1. The shops were closed. I didnt get any milk.2. I bought a newspaper.

26、I didnt read it.3. Do you want me to come with you? Shall I wait here?4. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.The shops were closed, so I didnt get any milk.I bought a newspaper but I didnt read it.Do you want me to come with you or shall I wait here?The child hid behind

27、his mothers skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.II. Combine each pair of sentences into a complex sentence as required.1. The people called yesterday. The people wants to buy the house. (定语从句定语从句)2. Well go to the Great Wall. Its fine tomorrow. (状语从句状语从句) 3. Who will be our monitor? It hasnt been de

28、cided yet. (主语主语从句从句) 4. He is honest. We believe it. (表表语从句语从句) The people who called yesterday wants to buy the house. Well go to the Great Wall if its fine tomorrow.Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.We believe that he is honest.1. The main concern here is the amount of energy that go

29、es into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.III. Analyse and translate the following sentences.这里主要关注的是制造新产品所消耗的能量，这里主要关注的是制造新产品所消耗的能量，以及那些额外的碳是否值得这种产品一旦到达以及那些额外的碳是否值得这种产品一旦到达你的手中所产生的碳足迹。你的手中所产生的碳足迹。that引导定语

30、从句引导定语从句表语从句表语从句that引导定语从引导定语从句，句，that省略省略(that)once引导状语从句引导状语从句（2021年八省联考阅读理解年八省联考阅读理解B篇）篇）2. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that its not really necessary and theyre keeping it as a security blanket 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it

31、 in case of emergencies.（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解年全国乙卷阅读理解B篇）篇）that引导两个并列宾语从句引导两个并列宾语从句who引导定语从句引导定语从句对前面内容进一步解释对前面内容进一步解释表转折，意为表转折，意为“然而然而”在那些仍然使用座机的澳大利亚人中，三分之一的人承在那些仍然使用座机的澳大利亚人中，三分之一的人承认座机没有必要，并且他们把座机当作安全保障认座机没有必要，并且他们把座机当作安全保障19%19%的人说他们从不使用座机，但还有的人说他们从不使用座机，但还有13%13%的人保留座机的人保留座机以防紧急情况。以防紧急情况。1. Can you figure out simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence and compound-complex sentence correctly? 2. Can you change some simple sentences into long sentences correctly?3. Can you analyse and translate complicated sentence correctly?Finish the Grammar exercises in Learning English.