Unit 2 Understanding each other Welcome to the unit ppt课件-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修第四册.pptx

1、Unit 2 Understanding each otherWelcome to the unit1. What does the quotation from Epictetus on Page 15 mean?Lead-inFrom my point of view, the quotation indicates that listening is sometimes more important than speaking in daily communication. The quotation encourages people to be good listeners and

2、suggests we should listen and try to understand others first, rather than eagerly share our own ideas. We have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen twice as much as we speak.Epictetus2. What is the key to effective communication in your opinion?Lead-inI think the key to effective communicati

3、on is that speakers should present their ideas logically and clearly, making them easy to understand. Besides, speakers should also pay attention to listeners response, and adjust what they say or how they deliver it accordingly. Meanwhile, listeners should keep focused and listen attentively, givin

4、g proper responses, like nodding their heads or making eye contacts with speakers from time to time, to give speakers indications that their ideas are well-received.Watch the video and figure out Davids and Jacks problem respectively. Video timeDavids problem: He never really listens to what Jack is

5、 saying and only thinks of himself.Jacks problem: He cannot get David to listen to what he is saying and gets angry with David for not listening to him.Watch the video again and answer the following questions.Video time1. What does Jacks looking at his watch imply?This may imply that Jack is in a hu

6、rry. He is engaged somewhere else, and doesnt have enough time to talk with David about his holiday plan. And also it indicates that Jack is getting a little bit impatient.2. Is Jack interested in what David is talking about? Why or why not?Not really. From the video, we can see Jack not only looks

7、at his watch and checks the contents of his sports bag, but also interrupts David, eager to tell David that he has to leave for the football practice.Video time3. Do you think David is a good listener? Why or why not?I dont think David is a good listener. He is only interested in his own ideas and k

8、eeps talking, without paying enough attention to his friend Jacks response.Video timeWhat would you do if you were David or Jack?If I were David, I would pay more attention to Jacks responses and interruptions. By doing that, I would be more aware that he is not able to have a conversation with me a

9、bout my holiday ideas, because he needs to go to football practice.If I were Jack, I would wait for David to finish speaking instead of constantly interrupting him. In that way, David might become aware that he is having a one-sided conversation. If David stopped talking, I could let him know what I

10、 think of his ideas and that I must leave for football practice. Free talkUnit 1 Understanding each otherReading 1Effective communication1. Do you think you are an effective communicator? Why or why not?Pre-readingYes, I think I am a good communicator because I am an active listener. I ask questions

11、 to show I am interested in what the other person is talking about. I also pay attention to non-verbal cues, like body language. These cues let me know how the other person feels, and I can respond appropriately to show them that I am engaged in the conversation. Pre-readingNo, I do not think I am g

12、ood at communicating. I am a shy person and often feel that I have nothing interesting to say. I usually only feel comfortable talking to my family and close friends, but even then, I just let them do most of the talking. I dont like to look at people when they are talking to me, so I suppose I ofte

13、n miss out on a lot of non-verbal cues. 2. How do you think you could sharpen your communication skills?Pre-readingI can sharpen my communication skills by following some basic tips. First, I should be clear when expressing my ideas, so that people understand me without confusion. Second, I must pra

14、ctise listening skills, because being a good listener is part of being a good communicator. I will try to avoid interrupting or distracting myself with other things. Third, I should appear confident, even if I dont feel so. People will pay attention to what I say, my confidence will grow, and so wil

15、l my communication ability.Read the title and predict the content and structure of the lecture transcript.Judging from the title, I think the lecture may focus on some tips on how to communicate with others effectively, like being a good listener, organizing ideas logically, giving proper response,

16、etc. As to the structure of the lecture, I believe the speaker should start with an explanation of what effective communication is, and then focuses on why we need effective communication and how we can practise effective communication. The speech should end with a proposal to attach importance to e

17、ffective communication and to practice the tips given in the speech. Pre-reading1. Read the lecture transcript and finish A1 on Page 18. While readingPara. 1: Communication is dependent not only on what we say, but also on how we say it.Para. 4: _ Para. 5: _ Para. 2: _Para. 3: _ Para. 6: Effective c

18、ommunication will help solve problems, improve interactions, build trust and gain respect. Messages are encoded by the sender and decoded by the receiver and the cycle is repeated until the communication ends. You need to know w i t h w h o m y o u a r e communicating and determine what communicatio

19、n channel and style to use. Your body language should support your message, and you should take note of the other persons body language so that you know how the conversation is going. Put yourself in the other persons shoes and adjust your communication to show you understand their points of view.Pa

20、ra1 1. what is the topic of the lecture? Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use, but also on how we use them. 2. How did the writer introduce the topic? The lecture uses an example to introduce the topic of effective communication. Giving examples is a commonly used te

21、chnique to introduce a topic in a lecture. It attracts the attention of the audience and allows them to think more actively.Para2What is communication?Communication is the process of exchanging information between a sender and a receiver._ (an encoded message)_ a messagesends it_,or throuhg videotel

22、ephone, mail or _feedbackencodesdecodesface to facesocial mediaEffective communication cycleA senderA receiverreceives and _ the messagedecoded bypara2Para2 What is the function of paragraph 2? It is a link between the preceding and the following paragraphs. Paragraph 2 responds to paragraph 1 and e

23、xplains what communication is. It also highlights the complexity of the process of communication, which implies that misunderstandings or ineffective communication is seemingly unavoidable in most cases. So, it is necessary to explore how to achieve effective communication, which leads to the main b

24、ody of the lecture transcript.Para3 How should we become a highly competent communicator? Knowing with whom you are communicating Deciding which communication channel best suits the situation Determining the appropriate style to use and how complex your choice of words should be What information can

25、 help you determine how best to communicate with others? We need to know with whom we are communicating: their age or position, their relationship with you, their expectations and cultural backgrounds.Para3 Why does the author ask a series of “what” questions in paragraph3? The author uses the “what

26、” questions to emphasize the importance of knowing with whom we are communicating. And more importantly, these factors, to a large extent, define the way we communicate with others.Para4Why should you pay attention to the other persons body language?It will give us clues as to whether the conversati

27、on is going well or not.Para5 How can you seek to understand the other persons emotions? We can seek to understand the other persons emotions by putting ourselves in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective. In complicated cases, we need to give serious consideration to their

28、points of view.Para2-5 How does the author achieve coherence between paragraphs 2 and 3, and paragraphs4 and 5 respectively? The author applies different cohesive devices to make her ideas easy to understand. Firstly, the author connects paras2and3 by using reference when she states “this communicat

29、ion process” in para3, thus referring to “communication” in para2. Second, the author uses the conjunction “while” at the beginning of para5, which implies a connection to the content in para4.Further reading 1. What is the authors purpose of having this lecture? The author intends to explain the pr

30、ocess of communication as well as the key aspects leading to effective communication through this lecture. The author encourages readers to recognize the importance of effective communication and to practise the skills mentioned in her lecture in their daily conversations.2. How can we apply the ide

31、as mentioned in the lecture transcript to cross-cultural communication? Give some examples.Further readingIts important to learn about another persons cultural background when communicating. You should find out about any communication norms related to age, job and so on, because they may differ from

32、 culture to culture. For example, certain cultures often have varying ways of addressing older people, or someone who holds a higher position in an organization. Body language reveals a lot about you: your culture, thoughts and attitudes. For example, if you use steady eye contact during communicati

33、on to show that you are attentive, the other person may consider it as disrespectful and will feel uncomfortable. For this reason, cues that may cause confusion should be avoided and imitating the others body language could prevent any offence. You should not only be aware of the differences in body

34、 language in the other persons culture, but also ensure that your own body language is not misinterpreted. The value of empathy should not be understated. It can bridge the gap because even though we may be different, humans generally express the same emotions. So, if we are interacting with a forei

35、gner, we will still easily notice if they are, for example, happy or sad. We can then adjust our own body language to show them how we feel about their situation. We could smile to share their happiness or wrinkle our brow to show concern. 3. What other suggestions can you give on how to become an e

36、ffective communicator? We can become effective communicators by understanding and respecting other peoples opinions while expressing our own in an open and honest way. Effective communicators focus on expressing their opinions in an appropriate way, rather than winning an argument or forcing their o

37、pinions on others. Another way to become effective communicators is to get more practice. Practice makes perfect. Whether we practise alone or seek out more speaking opportunities, regularly speaking will magnify our communication strengths and weaknesses and allow great communication habits to deve

38、lop. 4. Do you agree that extroverts are naturally skilled at communicating? Why or why not? Yes,I agree. They usually enjoy communicating with others and actively seek opportunities to have conversations with people, even when they are in an unfamiliar environment. Additionally, their confident and

39、 affable nature makes it easier for them to be accepted and adored by others, which contributes to the successful communication between them and others. No,I dont think so. Most extroverts are confident and outgoing, especially when communicating with other people. However, it takes more than confid

40、ence to achieve successful communication. If an extrovert is too confident with his or her opinion, he or she may not be good at paying attention to the other persons ideas. This may cause miscommunication.1. Finish B1 on Page 19.Post-readingActive listening is an important skill for good communicat

41、ion. To master it, you can make efforts in two aspects: observing and (1) _. In communication, a message is sent out not only through the speakers words and (2) _, but also through his or her facial expressions and gestures. Keep in mind that body language plays a huge role in communication because

42、it (3) _ over 50 per cent of communication. Looking at the speaker and recognizing his or her facial expressions and gestures allow you to (4) _ a more accurate understanding of what the speaker is trying to say.reactingtoneaccounts for obtainPost-readingTo understand what the speaker communicates,

43、you should do some reflecting or provide (5) _. The physical signs that you have observed in the speaker should be reflected in your own body. Positive body language can help give the speaker a good impression, for example, a (6) _ smile, a slight nod and eye contact. You can also repeat what has be

44、en said. This lets the speaker know that you understand precisely what he or she has said and it allows the speaker to (7) _ a point if there is any confusion. More importantly, whether you (8) _ the speakers words or not, you need to be honest in your response.When you listen actively, you develop

45、a connection between yourself and the speaker. It thus makes your communication more effective.feedbackgentleclarifyapprove of2. Read B1 again and answer the following questions.(1) How can we achieve active listening?(2) Why is it important to observe the speakers body language while listening?(3)

46、Why is it important to give feedback to the speaker while listening?To achieve active listening, we should not only listen to what the speakers say, but also observe their body movements and give them proper feedback.Because in communication, a message is sent out not only through words and tone, bu

47、t also through the speakers facial expressions and gestures.Because this may let the speaker know that you understand precisely what he or she is saying and it allows the speaker to clarify if there is any confusion. 3. Finish B2 on Page 19. Post-readingcommunicate + adv.: communicate clearly; commu

48、nicate directly; communicate verbally, communicate openlycommunicate + n.: communicate an idea; communicate a message; communicate an emotion; communicate informationadj. + communication: effective communication; regular communication; poor communication; written communicationcommunication + n.: com

49、munication skills; communication problems; communication styles; communication breakdownv. + communication: influence communication; establish communication; maintain communication; enhance communication effective communication from across the room b interpreted as a welcoming greeting if (they are)

50、 accompanied by a gentle smile function as a means of much of what we communicate be dependent on look a little deeper into exchange information between encode a message face to face in response send an encoded message back be referred to as original sender repeat itself become a highly competent co