Unit 1 单元语法状语从句 ppt课件-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修第四册.pptx

1、状语从句功能:状语从句起副词作用,用来修饰句中谓语动词、 非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。引导词:一般由从属连词引导,也可由连词词组引导。位于句首或句中时常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以, 不用逗号。类别:根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、 结果、方式、目的和比较等从句。状语从句分类状语从句分类时时 地地 因因条条 目目 果果比比 方方 步步时间时间状语状语条条件件状状语语比比较较状状语语原因原因状语状语结果结果状语状语方式方式状语状语让让步步状状语语地点地点状语状语目目的的状状语语一、状语从句的类型及连词一、状语从句的类型及连词从句从句类型类型常见连词常见连词补充补充时间时间

2、状语状语从句从句when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till / until, as soon as, since, once, by the time, no sooner . than, hardly / scarcely . when, .every time, the moment, the minute, immediately也可引导时间也可引导时间状语从句状语从句一、时间状语从句 (1) when, while和as when 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词,主从句动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生。 while 从句谓语动词

3、为延续性动词,强调主从句动作同时发生 as 从句谓语动词一般为延续性动词。主从句动作同时发生或交替进行,意为“一边,一边 ;随着”. 例句：It was raining when we arrived.我们到达时,天正在下雨。 While I was watching TV, the bell rang. 我在看电视时,铃响了。As she grew older, she gained in confidence. 随着年龄的增长,她的自信心增强了。(2)表示“-就”的连词、 as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediatel

4、y,directly例句：The moment she saw him, she blushed and hurriedly left the room.她一看见他,脸就红了,并慌忙地离开了房间。 hardly、scarcely.when.、 barely、no sooner.than.主句用过去完成时, when或than所在从句用一般过去时。The votes had scarcely been counted, when the telephone rang.选票一统计好,电话就响了(3) before和since beforeIt will be/was +一段时间一段时间+ befo

5、re.过了多长时间才过了多长时间才 It wont be/wasnt +一段时间+before.没过多长时间就sinceIt is/has been+一段时间+since从句.(常用一般过去时)自从以来已经多长时间了。例句：It may be many years before the situation improves.这种状况或许要过很多年才能得到改善。How long is it since we last went to the theatre? 我们多久没去看戏了?(4) until/till She didnt start the lesson until/till the st

6、udents settled down. 直到学生们安静下来,她才开始上课。 【误区警示误区警示】 until/till用于肯定句,表示“直到为止”,主句谓语动词应用延续性动词; not until/till表示“直到才” not所在主句谓语动词为非延续性动词,until可置于句首。 (5) every time, each time, next time, the first time, by the time引导时间状语从句By the time you have finished the task, the guests will get back.当你完成任务时,客人就回来了从句类型从

7、句类型常见连词常见连词补充补充地点状语地点状语从句从句where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, . 原因状语原因状语从句从句because, since, as, for, now that, .seeing that, considering that, in that也可引导也可引导原因状语从句原因状语从句二、地点状语从句 where和whereverThis kind of medicine should not be placed where it is accessible to children.这种药品不应该放在儿童拿得到的地方。 Wherev

8、er she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.无论她去哪里,都有成群的人等着见她。三、原因状语从句because、 since、 as、seeing that (鉴于,由于)、 now that、 in that (由于)、 considering that (考虑到,就 而论)、in as much as (既然,由于)、 given that (鉴于,考虑到). Since we have no money, we cant buy it。由于我们没钱，我们不能购买它Seeing that its raining, w

9、e d better stay indoors。鉴于外面在下雨，我们最好呆在屋里。从句类型从句类型常见连词常见连词补充补充条件状语条件状语从句从句if, unless, so / as long as, only if, provided, .if 不能用不能用whether替换；替换；on condition that, suppose / supposing (that)也可引导条件状也可引导条件状语从句语从句四、条件状语从句 if、 unless、providing/provided that (如果)、suppose that (假如)、in case that (万一)、 on co

10、ndition that (如果)、as/so long as (只要)。If you fail in the exam, you will let him down 如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。You can go out providing that you have to finish your homework.你可以出去,条件是你得完成家庭作业。从句类型从句类型常见连词常见连词补充补充让步状语让步状语从句从句although, though, even if / though, as .由疑问词由疑问词+ ever构构成的复合词，成的复合词，“no matter +疑疑问词问词

11、”以及以及whether . or也可也可引导让步状语从引导让步状语从句。句。五、让步状语从句though、although、 even if/though、 as、 while、 no matter +疑问词,疑问词+ ever, whether.or. (无论还是). Although hw is very old, (yet)he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。 Two people in love are at home wherever they are, no matter how often they move.无论在哪里,不管多频繁搬家,两个相爱

12、的人都会过得舒舒服服。从句类型从句类型常见连词常见连词补充补充目的状语目的状语从句从句so that, in order that, .谓语动词前常带谓语动词前常带有情态动词；有情态动词；in case, for fear (that)也可引导目也可引导目的状语从句的状语从句结果状语结果状语从句从句so that, so . that, such . that, . 六、目的状语从句so that、in order that、 lest (唯恐;以免), in case、 for fear that (唯恐)、to the end that (为起见)He is working hard in

13、 order to pass the examination.he is working hard in order that he canpass the examination.为了考试及格，他正在努力学习。I got up early so that I could have enough time to study.我气得很早，目的是有足够的时间看书。七、结果状语从句so that、so/such.that(如此 以至于)、 to the extent that (达到某种程度以至于)、 to such a degree that (到如此程度以至于)。 It was such a g

14、ood film that we all went to see it. 电影如此好以至于我们都去看了。 We started for the peak early, so that we saw the sunrise. 我们很早就动身去山顶,结果我们看到了日出。【对比】 目的状语从句中常有can, could, may, might, will, would, should等情态动词。而结果状语从句表示客观事实,谓语 动词用陈述语气,从句中常无情态动词。从句类型从句类型常用连词常用连词补充补充方式状语方式状语从句从句as, as if / though, .the way, rather

15、than也可引导也可引导方式状语从句方式状语从句程度状语程度状语从句从句so (that), such that, as / so far as, as / so long as, .to the degree / extent (that)也也可引导程度状可引导程度状语从句语从句比较状语比较状语从句从句than, as 八、方式状语从句as、as if、 as though as、(just) asso Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。As water is to fish, so air i

16、s to man.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。He looks as if he is angry.他看上去好像生气了。九、程度状语从句程度状语从句用来表示动作或状态所达到的程度, 其连词主要有: so that、such that、 as (so) far as、 as (so) long as、 to the degree (extent) that、 in so far as 等。Her heart beat so that she could hardly breathe. 她心跳剧烈,几乎都无法呼吸。His courage is such that she does not k

17、now the meaning of fear.他胆子很大,不知道什么叫做害怕。 As long as you need me, Ill stay.只要你需要我,我就留下。Ill help you as far as / in so far as I can.我会尽可能帮助你。十、比较状语从句as.as.、 than、 the +比较级、 the +比较级、 not as/ so.as.Apparently, many people believe that the longer time a person spends at work, the more he accomplishes.很明

18、显,许多人相信一个人工作的时间越长,他(取得)的成就越多。在含状语从句的复合句中，主、从句通常根在含状语从句的复合句中，主、从句通常根据实际时间关系来确定动词的时态，据实际时间关系来确定动词的时态，但有一点需要注意：但有一点需要注意：在时间状语从句、条件在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或由状语从句或由“疑问词疑问词-ever”-ever”、“no no matter +matter +疑问词疑问词”等引导的让步状语从句中，等引导的让步状语从句中，可以用一般现在时表将来可以用一般现在时表将来。下面就状语从句考点进行归纳总结。下面就状语从句考点进行归纳总结。地点状语从句地点状语从句where在地点状语

19、从句中，除了指地点外，在地点状语从句中，除了指地点外，还可指处境还可指处境等。等。由由where引导的地点状语从句与定语从句引导的地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：的区别：where引导定语从句时，从句前引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示（应有一个表示（抽象）地点或处所的名词）地点或处所的名词作先行词，而状语从句前没有先行词。作先行词，而状语从句前没有先行词。原因状语从句原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的常用连词有引导原因状语从句的常用连词有because, since, as, now (that)等等。它们的。它们的用法区别是：用法区别是：because语气最强，述说直语气最强，述说直接原因，说

20、明因果关系，常回答以接原因，说明因果关系，常回答以why开开头的问句；头的问句；since, as和和now (that)引导的引导的从句用法相似，表示双方都知道的原因。从句用法相似，表示双方都知道的原因。结果状语从句结果状语从句 so . that和和such . that表示表示“如如此此以致于以致于”, , so后面接形容词或副后面接形容词或副词，词， such后面接名词后面接名词。但名词前有。但名词前有many, much, few, little这些词修饰时这些词修饰时, , 要用要用so。“such + a(n) + adj. +单数名词单数名词+ that”可转换成可转换成“so

21、 + adj. + a(n) +单数单数名词名词+ that”。方式状语从句方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的常用连词有引导方式状语从句的常用连词有as, as if / though。as if / though引导的状语从引导的状语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的假设。如果从句所表达的内容实相反的假设。如果从句所表达的内容被看作是事实或者有可能是事实时，就被看作是事实或者有可能是事实时，就要用陈述语气。要用陈述语气。比较状语从句比较状语从句 含含as . as .的比较状语从句用在同的比较状语从句用在同级比较中级比较中, , 若表否定用若表否定用

22、not so / as . as .。其中第一个。其中第一个so / as是副词是副词, , 修修饰主句的形容词或副词的原形，后一饰主句的形容词或副词的原形，后一个个as是连词是连词, , 引导比较状语从句引导比较状语从句。Among every generation there are those who are willing to bear the heavy burden of responsibility and devote themselves to working for the good of their country and people. The geophysicis

23、t Huang Danian, who practised core socialist values, is a good example.Huang was born in Guangxi in 1958. He went to the UK in 1992 to work on his PhD. Afterwards he took a job there and became a respected expert. Although he spent many years in the UK, Huangs heart never left his homeland. He knew

24、that if he came back, he could help advance science in China. He felt not just a desire but also a responsibility to do so. Eventually he resigned his post in the UK and returned to China to work at Jilin University in Changchun.Huang was made chief scientist of a branch of Chinas largest deep-Earth

25、 exploration programme. Wasting no time, Huang worked in his office day and night. When he had to go away on business, he always chose the midnight flight so that he did not miss any work in the daytime. Since he spent so much time on work, he was unable to see his family very often. In fact, he wor

26、ked so hard that he did not pay enough attention to his own health. Sadly, he fell ill with cancer, but he continued to work even in the hospital ward until he died in 2017 at the age of just 58.Huang excelled where he was working and made substantial contributions to his country. His missions to ma

27、p the world under the Earths surface helped discover valuable mineral resources and brought Chinas knowledge and technology in this area alongside the worlds finest.1 Jake/so that/he/got up early/to exercise/would have time/before class _2 although/they still/edited the photos/looked/she had not/ver

28、y good _3 he/went to work/nothing had happened/as if _4 she was/liked her/her teacher/because/so hard-working _5 I/do not tell me/when/people/get very upset/the truth _6 if/you are/be/they will/nice to other people/nice to you _Answer1. Jake got up early so that he would have time to exercise before

29、 class.2. Although she had not edited the photos, they still looked very good.3. He went to work as if nothing had happened. 4. Her teacher liked her because she was so hard-working.5. I get very upset when people do not tell me the truth.6. If you are nice to other people, they will be nice to you.

30、Applying the rulesB1a After she had deleted over 2,000 photosb in order that they can promote their productsc While these photos won her many fansd because many other people do the same thinge so that she looked more attractive in the photosf because I was cheating my fansg Although she still posted

31、 her photos onlineB2Lily used to be a fitness coach and a social media influencer. The number of her followers reached a million just last month. Every day, she would post photos of herself working out, or just posing in workout clothes. She looked superb in these photos.(1) C_While these photos won

32、 her many fans_, they were not one hundred per cent real. Actually, they were taken by a professional photographer. Besides, they were also carefully edited(2) E_so that she looked more attractive in the photos_. We know that social media influencers sometimes post their photos for fun, but companie

33、s pay them to do so (3) B_ in order that they can promote their products_. Lily was no exception. The clothes she was wearing in those photos were sponsored by companies. She was paid to wear them. Lily was not happy about the photos, though. “I was feeling guilty(4) F_because I was cheating my fans_,” she said. “I was so ashamed of myself. I couldnt bear living a lie any more. I hope my fans can forgive me.”(5) A_After she had deleted over 2,000 photos_, she closed her online account.