Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility 词汇详解ppt课件-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修第四册.pptx

1、牛津英语单元词汇详解选择性 必修四Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility1. barely adv. 刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才（2） 【原句背诵】The policeman on the beat walked along the street as he always did. It was barely ten oclock at night.【经典例句】We barely had time to catch the train. 我们差点没赶上火车。He was barely 20 years old and already running his

2、own company. 他只有20岁，却已经营起自己的公司了。 It was 90 degrees and the air conditioning barely cooled the room. 气温是90度，空调几乎没有使房间凉快下来。I had barely started speaking when he interrupted me. 我刚刚开始讲话，他便打断了我。【同义词】hardly adv. 几乎不；刚刚；简直不 scarcely adv. 几乎不；勉强；仅仅；刚（就）【警示误区】在had barely/hardly/scarcelywhen句型中，当barely/hardl

3、y/scarcely放在句首时，主句要用倒装结构。We had hardly/scarcely/barely sat down at the table, when the phone rang. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下，电话铃就响了。Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had we sat down at the table, when the phone rang. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下，电话铃就响了。2. *cigar /s(r)/ n. 雪茄烟（2）【原句背诵】In the doorway of a store stood a man, with an unlit cigar in

4、 his mouth.【联想拓展】cigarette n. 香烟；卷烟；纸烟3. appointment /pntmnt/ n. 约定，约会；任命，委托；职务（2）【原句背诵】“Its all right, officer,” he said. “Im just waiting for a friend. Its an appointment made twenty years ago. There used to be a restaurant where this store standsBig Joe Bradys restaurant. 【联想拓展】make/have an appoi

5、ntment 约会，预约make/have an appointment with 与某人约会by appointment 按照约定appoint v. 任命，指派；约定，安排（日期、时间）；装饰，布置（房间或空间）appointer n. 任命者；指派者appointee n. 被任命者disappointment n. 失望，沮丧；令人失望的人（事）【经典例句】She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor. 她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。Mr. Fay is to take up an appointment as a resea

6、rcher. 费伊先生将担任研究员的职务。Viewing is by appointment only. 参观须预约。【链接高考】（2018北京卷）They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. 他们开着自己的无人驾驶汽车去赴约，并让空车绕着大楼转，以避免支付停车费。 （2015浙江卷）While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to

7、 keep track of her shots, to schedule her vet appointments, to feed and clean her, Misty knew this on day one. 虽然我迟迟没有接受由我来跟踪狗狗的打针、安排兽医预约、给她喂食和清洁，但米斯蒂从第一天起就知道了这一点。 4. tear down 拆毁，拆除（2）【原句背诵】“It was here until five years ago,” said the policeman. “It was torn down then.”【联想拓展】tear sb apart 使不快；使担心te

8、ar sth apart 撕毁；撕碎tear at sth 撕裂；扯开；撕破tear oneself away (from sth)/tear sth away (from sth) 依依不舍地离开；忍痛离去；把拿走tear sth up 撕毁，撕碎（文件等）【警示误区】注意tear作动词时，其过去式和过去分词分别是tore, torn。【经典例句】Years later, we decided to tear down our ugly house and build a beautiful one with a garden. 几年后，我们决定拆掉这个难看的房子，建一座带花园的漂亮房子。T

9、ear down the walls between support and development. 拆除研发和技术支持之间的墙壁。They tried to tear down the reputation of the novelist. 他们试图诋毁小说家的名声。5. *keen /kin/ adj. 灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于(2)6. jaw /d/ n. 额，下巴(2)7. *scar /sk(r)/ n. 伤疤；（精神）创伤；污点(2)8. *eyebrow /abra/ n. 眉毛(2)9. *scarfpin /skfpn/ n. 领带别针，围巾夹 (2)10. d

10、iamond /damnd/ n. 钻石(2)【原句背诵】The light showed a pale face, with keen eyes, a square jaw and a little white scar near his right eyebrow. His scarfpin was a large diamond, oddly set.【联想拓展】be keen to do sth 渴望做某事be keen (that.)渴望be keen on (doing) sth 渴望；热切；热衷a keen sportsman 热心运动的人one of the keenest s

11、upporters of the team 这个队最热情的支持者之一a keen sense of tradition 强烈的传统意识keenly adv. 敏锐地；强烈地；锐利地keenness n. 敏锐；锐利a ring with a diamond in it 钻石戒指a diamond ring/necklace 钻石戒指项链a pair of diamond earrings 一对钻石耳环【同义词】当keen意思是“灵敏的，敏锐的”时，其同义词可以用smart, sharp等。当其意思是“渴望，热切，热衷于”时，同义词可以用eager, anxious等。【经典例句】They de

12、scribed him as a man of keen intellect. 他们把他描述成一个才思敏锐的人。I wasnt too keen on going to the party. 我不太想去参加这次聚会。 Shes not keen on being told what to do. 她不喜欢别人向她发号施令。 The lights shone like diamonds. 灯光像钻石一样闪闪发亮。Diamond is the crystalline form of the element carbon. 钻石是碳元素的晶体结构。Friendship is gold. Friend

13、ship is diamond. 友谊是金子，友谊是钻石。11. make ones fortune 成功立业，发财(2)【原句背诵】The next morning I was to leave New York and travel to the West to make my fortune.【联想拓展】make a fortune 发财，赚大钱make for sth 向移动；促成make sb/sth into sb/sth 把变成make sth of sb/sth 领会；理解；懂得make sb/sth out 看清；听清；分清；辨认清楚make up/make oneself/

14、sb up 化妆；上妆make sth up形成；构成；拼装；组成make up for sth 弥补；补偿make full use of 充分利用make friends with 与交友make a difference 有影响，有关系make good use of 充分利用；很好地使用【经典例句】Many people want to make a/thier fortune by doing nothing, which is the reason why the gambling industry thrives. 许多人都想要不劳而获赚大钱，这就是博彩行业蓬勃发展的原因。Far

15、mers abandoned the land and went to big cities to make a/their fortune. 农民们抛弃了土地，到大城市赚钱去了。12. lose contact 失去联系（2）【原句背诵】“Well, we kept in touch for a year or two, and then we lost contact.”【联想拓展】in contact with 接触；与有联系come into contact with 接触到；联系；开始做某事come in contact with 接触make contact with 接触点；接通

16、lose touch 失去联系lose touch with 与失去联系【警示误区】lose contact (with) 表示“动作” ，不能和“时间段”连用；表示“状态”时，可以用be out of contact (with) 脱离，失去联系。【经典例句】Ive lose contact with most of my school friends. 我跟大多数同学已经失赴了联系。The beauty of nature, society and life embodied in literature cant lose contact with that of form of expr

17、ession. 文学的自然美、社会美和人生美等，都离不开表现方面的形式美。Maybe because you just dont want to be contacted, but If visitors do want to get in touch with you, but cant find any contact information, you lose their interest and trust. 也许你不想要与外界保持联系，但如果访客想与你取得联系，但是找不到任何联系信息，你会失去他们的兴趣和信任。13. reliable /rlabl/ adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的；真

18、实可信的，可靠的【原句背诵】“But I know Jimmy will meet me here if hes alive, for he always was the truest and most reliable fellow in the world. Hell never forget.”【联想拓展】reliable sources 可靠消息来源；消息可靠人士reliable quality 质量可靠reliable information 可靠的信息reliably adv. 可靠地；确实地reliability n. 可靠性rely vi.相信，信赖；依靠，依赖【同义词】dep

19、endable adj. 可靠的，可信赖的【反义词】unreliable adj. 不可靠的；靠不住的【警示误区】注意从动词rely到形容词reliable的词形变化！【经典例句】We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard-working. 我们在物色可靠而又勤奋的人。My cars not as reliable as it used to be. 我的车不像过去那样靠得住了。Trains are reliable, cheap and best for long-distance travel. 乘火车可靠、便宜，最适合长途旅行。

20、14. worthwhile /wwal/ adj. 值得花时间（或花钱、努力等），重要的，令人愉快的（2）【原句背诵】“I came a thousand miles to stand in this doorway tonight, and its worthwhile if my old partner turns up.”【联想拓展】worthwhileness n.合价值性，值得be worthwhile (to do sth)/(doing sth) 重要的；令人愉快的；有趣的；值得花时间（或花钱、努力等）worth adj. 价值的，值钱的；值得的，具有价值的 n. 价格，价值；

21、重要性，作用be worth doing sth 值得做某事worthy adj. 值得尊敬的，值得注意的，值得敬仰的；值得的，应得的 n. 知名人士，要人（常为玩笑或贬义）be worthy to be done/be worthy of being done 值得【经典例句】 Volunteering was in aid of a worthwhile cause. 志愿工作是在为高尚的事业尽一份力。High prices in the UK make it worthwhile for buyers to look abroad. 英国的高价足以使买主把视线转向国外。It is wor

22、thwhile to include really high-quality illustrations. 把真正高质量的插图包括进去是值得的。It didnt seem worthwhile writing it all out again. 把这再都写出来似乎不必要。We believe the time and hard work involved in completing such an assignment are worthwhile.我们相信为完成这项任务所需要投入的时间和付出的努力是值得的。【链接高考】（2019江苏卷）Melissa, his daughter, felt

23、it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep each night when she was young.他的女儿梅利莎(Melissa)觉得，拯救他的音乐更值得，她年轻时每晚都会听着他的音乐入睡。 （2019北京卷）Want to explore new cultures，meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all the three with Global Development Associ

24、ation(GDA). 想要探索新的文化，认识新的人，同时做一些有意义的事情? 你可以通过全球发展协会(GDA)做到这三件事。 （2016天津卷）“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “在家庭或社区工作的男孩获得了能力，并开始觉得自己是社会有价值的成

25、员，”心理学家乔治瓦兰特(George Vaillant)说。 15. collar /kl(r)/ n. 衣领；颈圈；圈，箍（3）【原句背诵】About twenty minutes later, a tall man in a long overcoat, with collar turned up to his ears, hurried toward him. 【联想拓展】white collar 白领阶层；白领工人blue collar 蓝领in the collar 行动不自由；受到约束a coat with a fur collar 毛皮领大衣【熟词生义】collar作动词时，意

26、思是“抓住；捉住；揪住；逮住；拦住（某人以与其）谈话”。Police collared the culprit as he was leaving the spot. 罪犯正离开现场时，警察逮住了他。I was collared in the street by a woman doing a survey. 我在大街上给一个做民意调查的女人拦住交谈。 16. bless /bles/ vt. 祝福（3）【原句背诵】“Bless my heart!” cried the new arrival. “Well, well, well! Twenty years is a long time! H

27、ow has the West treated you, old man?”【联想拓展】blessing n. 幸事，福祉；支持，赞同；上帝的恩宠，祝福；祷告，祈祷blessed adj. 神圣的，尊敬的；受祝福的，受上帝保佑的；带来幸福的，带来好运的blessedness n. 幸福；福音God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！be blessed with sth/sb 赋有（能力等）；享有（幸福等）【经典例句】I bless you on this special holiday! 在这个特殊的节日里我祝福你！【链接高考】（2012山东卷）The group of businessm

28、en cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council(市政会).这群商人想出了“松鼠桥”的主意，并成立了一个委员会，请求市议会的支持。 17. inch /nt/ n. 英寸；少量，短距离（3）【原句背诵】“It has given me everything I asked it for. Youve changed lots, Jimmy. I never thought you were tall by two or three inches

29、.”【联想拓展】inch by inch 逐渐地within an inch of 差一点by inches adv. 缓慢地；一点一点地，逐渐地；好不容易地give sb an inch (and theyll take a mile/yard 得寸进尺foot n. 英尺；脚，足1 inch=2.54cm 12 inches=1 foot【熟词生义】inch作动词时，意思是“（使朝某方向）谨慎移动”。She moved forward, inching towards the rope. 她小心翼翼地慢慢向绳子挪过去。He inched his way through the narrow

30、 passage. 他一点一点地穿过狭窄的通道。18. arm in arm 臂挽着臂（3）【原句背诵】The two men walked up the street, arm in arm. 【联想拓展】in arms 怀抱着的；武装起来的at arms length 疏远；在手臂伸得到的地方cost/pay an arm and a leg （使）花一大笔钱keep sb at arms length 保持距离；不亲近某人hand in hand手拉手 side by side 肩并肩 should to shoulder 肩并肩【经典例句】They had taken to wande

31、ring through the streets arm-in-arm. 他们已经养成了臂挽着臂漫步街头的习惯。Watching the old couple walking along the beach arm in arm gives me a sense of happiness. 看着这对老夫妻手挽手走在沙滩上，我有一种幸福的感觉。19. outline /atlan/ vt. 概述，略述 n. 概述；轮廓线，略图（3）【原句背诵】The man from the West was beginning to outline the history of his career.【联想拓

32、展】outline sth (to sb) 概述；略述an outline agreement/proposal 协议建议纲要an outline map/sketch 略图；草图in outline 画的草图(或轮廓)；概括地，扼要地【经典例句】We outlined our proposals to the committee. 我们向委员会提纲挈领地讲了讲我们的提案。The mayor outlined his plan to clean up the towns image. 市长概述了他清理整顿该市形象的计划。They saw the huge building outlined a

33、gainst the sky. 他们看见了在天空的映衬下那座巨大建筑的轮廓。 You should draw up a plan or an outline for the essay. 你应该为文章草拟个计划或提纲。 The book describes in outline the main findings of the research. 本书扼要叙述了主要的研究结果。20. suspect vt.&vi. /sspekt/ 怀疑 n. /sspekt/ 嫌疑犯，可疑对象（3）【原句背诵】“As I suspected, youre not Jimmy Wells,” he said,

34、 impatient with anger. “Twenty years is a long time, but not long enough to change the shape of a mans nose.”【联想拓展】suspect sb (of sth/of doing sth) 怀疑（某人有罪）suspicion n. 不好的预感，猜想；（对某人有罪、不诚实等的）怀疑suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的，怀疑的；不信任的，持怀疑态度的suspiciously adv. 怀疑地；猜疑地【经典例句】I suspected her motives in offering to

35、help. 她主动要帮忙，我怀疑她的动机。 Some parents hesitate to take these steps because they suspect that their child is exaggerating. 一些家长迟迟不肯采取这些措施，因为他们怀疑自己的孩子在夸大其词。The police say they suspect the attack was carried out by animal rights activists. 警方说他们怀疑这次袭击是由保护动物权利的激进分子实施的。The suspect had refused to give any de

36、tails of his identity and had carried no documents on his person. 嫌疑犯拒绝交代任何有关他身份的细节，身上也没带任何证件。The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths. 人们怀疑这种药物造成200多人死亡。 【链接高考】（2020山东卷）In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods

37、when suspected of drug dealing. 在撒马尔罕，比塞尔先生很欣赏这些建筑奇观，但是在去布哈拉的路上，他领略了警察处理毒品交易的方法。 （2020天津卷）The thief tries to escape. And the officer cant let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the ground.小偷试图逃跑。 警官不能让他跑了。 他拿出一个特殊的装置，对准嫌疑人，打开

38、开关。 小偷倒在地上。 （2013江苏卷）But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.但罗斯柴尔德博士认为情况并非如此。 他怀疑是其他动物的进化导致了这种变化。 21. arrest /rest/ n.&vt. 逮捕，拘捕（3） under arrest 被逮捕（3）【原句背诵】“It sometimes changes a good man into a bad one,” said the ta

39、ll man, taking charge of the situation. “Youve been under arrest for ten minutes, Silky Bob.”【联想拓展】arrest sb (for sth) 逮捕；拘留under arrest 被逮捕，被捕under house arrest 在软禁中【经典例句】Police arrested five young men in connection with one of the attacks. 警方逮捕了与其中一起袭击事件有关的5名年轻男子。A man has been arrested in connect

40、ion with the robbery. 一名男子因与这桩抢劫案有关已被逮捕。She was arrested for drug-related offences. 她因涉嫌毒品犯罪而被捕。She was under arrest on suspicion of murder. 她因涉嫌谋杀而被逮捕。22. wire /wa(r)/ vt. 给（某人）打电报；接通电源 n. 金属丝；电线；铁丝网（3）【原句背诵】Chicago police thought you might have dropped over our way and wired us.【联想拓展】wire sth (up)

41、 用导线给（建筑物、设备等）接通电源wire sb/sth up (to sth)/wire sb/sth to sth 将连接到wire sb sth/wire (sth) (to sb) 给（某人）打电报wireless adj. 无线的，使用无线电信号的; n. 无线电发射和接收系统a coil of copper wire 一卷铜丝wiry adj. 金属线制的；金属丝般的；坚硬的【经典例句】Make sure the plug is wired up correctly. 插头一定要接对。He wired us the news. /He wired the news to us.

42、他打电报把这个消息通知了我们。The box was fastened with a rusty wire. 那个箱子是用生锈的铁丝捆紧的。 23. criminal /krmn()l/ n. 罪犯 adj. 犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的，不道德的（3）【原句背诵】“Bob: I was at the appointed place on time. When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the criminal wanted in Chicago.”【联想拓展】criminal offences

43、/behaviour 刑事犯罪；犯罪行为criminality n. 有罪，犯罪；犯罪行为criminalize v. （使）不合法，非法；把当罪犯对待；宣告（某人）有罪；宣布为不合法criminally adv. 刑法上；犯了罪地，有罪地【经典例句】This is a criminal waste of resources. 这是一种浪费资源的可耻行为。A group of gunmen attacked a prison and set free nine criminals. 一伙持枪歹徒袭击了一所监狱并放走了9名罪犯。They would be sacked for criminal

44、or scandalous behaviour. 他们会因犯罪行为或不道德的行为而遭解雇。24. anyhow /eniha/ adv. 不过，总之；尽管如此；而且；随便地（3）【原句背诵】“Anyhow, I couldnt arrest you myself, so I got a plain-clothes man to do the job. JIMMY.”【同义词】anyway adv. adv. 不管怎样，无论如何；而且，加之；尽管，即使这样Its too expensive and anyway the colour doesnt suit you. 这个太贵，而且颜色也不适合你

45、。Im afraid we cant come, but thanks for the invitation anyway. 恐怕我们来不了，不过还是感谢邀请。【经典例句】No matter how far it is, Ill go there anyhow. 什么远不远的，我去定了。Anyhow you must finish this work today. 你今天总要完成这项工作吧。Anyhow, I think the paper is well prepared. 尽管如此，我觉得论文准备得很充分。25. innocent /nsnt/ adj. 无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的

46、，纯真的 n. 无辜者，单纯的人（5）【原句背诵】Why had he turned into a criminal? How I wish he were innocent!【联想拓展】 be innocent of sth无辜的；清白的；无罪的an innocent bystander 无辜受害的旁观者innocent victims of a bomb blast 炸弹爆炸中的无辜受害者an innocent young child 天真无邪的小孩子innocently adv. 纯洁地；无罪地innocence n. 天真，单纯；清白，无罪【同义词】innocent作“天真无邪的，纯真

47、的”意思时，其同义词是nave adj. 天真的；纯朴的；幼稚的【反义词】innocent作“无辜的，清白的，无罪的”意思时，其反义词是guilty adj. 内疚的，羞愧的；有罪的【经典例句】The kids seemed so young and innocent. 那些小孩看上去如此少不更事。He was sure that the man was innocent of any crime. 他确信此人是清白无罪的。In this country, you are innocent until proved guilty. 在这个国家，一个人在被证实有罪之前，就是清白的。【链接高考】（

48、2013四川卷）“Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people,” Judge Richard Hone told McCormick.法官理查德霍恩告诉麦考密克说:“你的欺骗行为仅仅是为了获取巨额利润而出

49、售大量无用的设备，这引发了一种虚假的安全感，而且可能在很大程度上导致了无辜民众的伤亡。” 26. legal /li()l/ adj. 合法的；法律的（5）【原句背诵】Hesitating over what to do, I continued listening to him, and I gradually becameconvinced that he had (5) made his fortune in ways that were not legal.【联想拓展】the legal profession/system 法律专业体系to take/seek legal advice

50、 听取寻求法律咨询a legal adviser 法律顾问legal costs 律师费用legal protection 法律保护；合法保护legal services 法律服务legal responsibility 法律责任legal aid 法律援助legally adv. 合法地；法律上legality n. 合法；合法性；墨守法规legalize v. 使合法化，使得到法律认可【反义词】illegal adj. 非法的，违法的；违规的【经典例句】What I did was perfectly legal. 我做的事情完全合法。She finally won the legal b