Unit1词汇解析-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修第四册.docx

1、高二 选修性必修四 词汇解析Unit 11. barely /beli/ adv. 刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才 (2) （含有否定意思）more barely, most barelyWe barely had time to catch the train. 我们仅有勉强赶上火车的时间。It was barely ten oclock at night.barely放句首句子倒装 barely when 刚.就.Hardly / Scarcely ? Barely had sb done sth when sb. Did sth.barely, hardly, rarely, sca

2、rcelyRarely have I seen him smile. 难得，不常He can hardly jump over the fence. 简直不，很难（强调能力上有困难）He has scarcely any money left. 指不足，不太够，强调数量，几乎，勉强但如果后面有ever, any, at all等 只能用hardly或scarcely 不能用barely，barely 不与 ever, any, at all 连用2. *cigar /s(r)/ n. 雪茄烟 (2)smoke his cigarIn the doorway of a store stood a

3、 man, with an unlit cigar in his mouth.3. appointment /pntmnt/ n. 约定，约会；任命，委任；职务 (2)appoint sb as captain 任命某人为队长appoint a date for sth. 约定日期at the appointed / given time 在规定的时间I was at the appointed place on timemake an appointment with sb. 与某人有约 Its an appointment made twenty years ago.keep / brea

4、k the appointment 守约 / 违约4. tear down 拆毁，拆除 (2) tear- tore -torntear/ pull down the tent tear down the old buildingtear apart 拆（掉），使分裂，弄得四分五裂 tear oneself away from 依依不舍地离开5. *keen /kin/ adj. 灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于 (2) keenly adv.be keen/hooked on 热衷于a keen interest 浓厚的兴趣a keen mind / reader 聪明的头脑 / 热心的读

5、者have a keen desire for sth6. jaw /d/ n. 下巴；颌 (2)7. *scar /sk(r)/ n. 伤疤；（精神上的）创伤；污点 (2)The wound healed without leaving a scar.leave terrible scarsleave a scare on her mind 精神上留下创伤have a scar on his arm8. *eyebrow /abra/ n. 眉毛 (2)The light showed a pale face, with keen eyes, a square jaw and a littl

6、e white scar near his right eyebrow.9. *scarfpin /skfpn/ n. 围巾夹，领带别针 (2)10. diamond /damnd/ n. 钻石 (2)11. make ones/a fortune 发财 (2) fortune n. 运气make / spend be worth a small fortune 赚/花/值一大笔钱receive a large fortuneseek ones fortune 外出找出路try ones fortune 碰运气tell your fortune 算命12. lose contact 失去联系

7、(2)contact n. 联系，接触 vt. 联系be in contact with sb. 与某人有联系come into contact with 接触.contact sb / make contact with sb. 联系某人13. reliable /rlabl/ adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的 (2)a reliable man reliable information / witnessesrely rely on/ upon= depend on/ uponrely on sb / ones doing sth.rely on sb. for sth.

8、/ rely on sb. to do sth. 依靠He is a person that can _. (rely on)You cant always rely on others help.We rely on our teacher for good advice. = We rely on our teacher _ us good advice. (give)You can rely on it that he will respond quickly to your question.14. worthwhile /wwal/ adj. 值得花时间（或花钱、努力等），重要的，令

9、人愉快的 (2)sth. be worthwhileThe visit to Paris was worthwhile. a very worthwhile job 值得干的工作It is worthwhile doing sth. / to do sth.think it worthwhile to do sth.15. collar /kl(r)/ n. 衣领；颈圈；圈，箍 (3)white / blue collar workers 白领 / 蓝领be hot under the collar 勃然大怒turn his coat collar upAbout twenty minutes

10、 later, a tall man in a long overcoat, with collar turned up to his ears, hurried toward him.The policeman collared the thief. V. 抓住衣领，拦住 seize the thief by the collar16. bless /bles/ vt.（表示惊奇）；祝福 (3)bless sb. 为.祝福 give sb his blessing / give his blessing to sb.May God bless you. 保佑be blessed with t

11、alent / health 赋有天赋 / 享有健康（幸运地享有）17. inch /nt/ n. 英寸；少量，短距离 (3) inches18. arm in arm 臂挽着臂 (3) face to face shoulder by shoulderThe boys ran down the road arm in arm.The two men walked up the street, arm in arm.arm sb with sth. 用.武装某人pay / cost an arm and a leg （使）花一大笔钱lay down ones arms 放下武器 take up

12、 arms 拿起武器，准备战斗armed adj. 武装的19. outline /atlan/ vt. 概述，略述 n. 概述；轮廓线，略图 (3)outline his address 概述一下他的演说outline the history of his career.the outline of sth . 的轮廓/提纲/纲要Make an outline before trying to write a composition.describe in outline 扼要叙述draw up an outline agreement / proposal 起草协议/建议纲要20. sus

13、pect /sspekt/ vt. & vi. 疑有，觉得/sspekt/ n. 嫌疑犯，可疑对象 (3) suspect sb. of sth. I suspect him of theft/ betraying the secret. 我怀疑（认为）他有偷窃行为/泄露了秘密. suspect his honesty 怀疑 I suspect its a trick. / I suspect it to be a trick. 我怀疑这是个骗局。 a murder suspect n. 嫌疑犯 suspicious adj. 疑心，怀疑的，可疑的 be suspicious of 对.怀疑2

14、1. arrest /rest/ n. & vt. 逮捕，拘捕 (3)Several suspects were arrested. 几个嫌疑犯be under arrest 被逮捕 (3)22. wire /wa(r)/ vt. 给（某人）打电报；接通（电源）n. 金属丝；电线；铁丝网 (3) wireless 无线的 We received a wire saying they arrived safely. n. 电报 send sb. a wire / send sb a telegram / wire sb23. criminal /krmnl/ n. 罪犯 adj. 犯法的，犯罪的

15、；刑事的；不道德的 (3) suspect n. 嫌疑犯 a wanted criminal 通缉犯 criminal court 刑事法庭 The criminal was sent to prison for ten mit a minor/severe crime 犯轻罪/重罪23. anyhow /eniha/ adv. 不过，总之；尽管；而且；随便地, 不管怎样 (3)Anyhow I couldnt arrest you myself25. innocent /nsnt/ adj. 无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的 opp: guiltyn. 无辜者，单纯的人 (5) a

16、n innocent child 天真的孩子 be innocent / guilty of a crime 无罪/有罪find sb. innocent innocence u.n.26. legal /lil/ adj. 合法的；法律的 (5) illegal 非法的 legally / illegally a legal document legal aid It is legal/illegal for sb. to do sth.27. principle /prnspl/ n. 道德原则；法则；信条 (5)high moral principles 高尚道德stick to/fol

17、low my principles 坚持原则in principle 原则上，大体上 a matter of principle 原则的事28. decent /disnt/ adj. 正派的，合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的 (5)The old, decent Bob went away two decades ago. But I hope hell come back one day. decent clothes 得体的衣服It is not decent to laugh at a funeral.in a decent mannerdecent peopledecently adv.

18、像样地，不错地 treat me decently 对我不错29. *burden /bdn/ n.（ 义务、责任等的）重担，负担 (6) bear / shoulder/ease/share/remove the burden 承受/肩负/减轻/分担/卸下负担 add to the students burden reduce the burden on students be a burden to sb. .是某人的负担 be burdened with responsibility / a heavy suitcase 承担责任 / 提着重箱子30. geophysicist /dif

19、zsst/ n. 地球物理学家 (6)31. core /k(r)/ adj. 核心的；最重要的 n. 核心，最重要的部分 (6) the core of the apple 水果核心 the core of the argument 争执的焦点/核心 core values 核心价值观 core socialist values 社会主义核心价值观 to the core 十足，彻底地，完全地 He is English to the core.32. socialist /slst/ adj. 社会主义的 n. 社会主义者 (6) social adj. 社会的，社交的 socially

20、adv. social classes/issues/relationships 社会阶层/社会问题/社会关系 social skills/activities 社交技能、社交活动 socialism n. 社会主义 society n. 社会，社团，协会 Ours is a socialist society. 社会主义社会 socialize v. 使社会化，使适应社会生活33. resign /rzan/ vt. & vi. 辞职，辞去 (6) resign as manager 辞去经理职务 resign his position / post 辞去职务 resign/submit o

21、neself to sth./doing sth. 顺从于.，甘心忍受，只好.34. ward /wd/ n. 病房 (6) in the ward 在病房 in the hospital ward The patient was taken to the isolation ward. 被带到隔离病房35. substantial /sbstnl/ adj. 大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的 (6) The house is substantial enough to last a hundred years. That meal was quite substantial. 丰富的 gi

22、ve us substantial help 给予巨大的帮助 made substantial contributions to his country 作出巨大贡献 make substantial improvement in sth make substantial changes substantially adv. 相当大的，基本上，在本质上36. mineral /mnrl/ n. 矿物，矿物质 (6) mine n. 矿，矿井 vt.&vi. 开矿 mine minerals 开采矿物 help discover valuable mineral resources37. sup

23、erb /supb/ adj. 极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的 (7) a superb singer His first novel was superb. His work is quite superb. The actor gave a superb performance.38. photographer /ftrf(r)/ n. 摄影师，拍照者 (7) photograph n. 照片 v. 拍摄 take a photograph of sb./sth. =photograph sb./sth. photography n. 摄影（学） He goes in for photogra

24、phy. an expert in photography39. guilty /lti/ adj. 感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的 (7)sb. be guiltyfind sb. guiltyfeel guilty at / for doing sth 感到内疚be guilty of 犯。罪 ， 有。的罪Im not guilty of this crime.40. ashamed /emd/ adj. 惭愧的，羞愧的，尴尬 (7) feel/be ashamed of 为感到惭愧 be ashamed to do 为做某事而感到羞愧 be ashamed that1) 她对自

25、己晚会上的行为深感惭愧 She was deeply _ at the party.2) She was ashamed _(问这么一个简单的问题).3) Im ashamed that _(我对他说谎了).41. forgive /fv/ vt. & vi. (forgave, forgiven) 原谅，宽恕；免除（债务） (7)forgive ( forgave, forgiven)forgive sb. for sth./ doing sth.= excuse sb. forPlease forgive me for _ (interrupt) you.forgiveness u.n.

26、宽恕 thank sb. for/ apologize to sb. for/ blame sb. for/ scold sb. for/ punish sb. for/ fine sb. (money) for42. cheat /tit/ vt. 欺骗，蒙骗 vi. 作弊，舞弊 (7) cheat in exams cheat in exams cheat sb. into doing sth.cheat sb. out of sth. / money43. wrap /rp/ vt. 包，裹；用缠绕 n. 披肩，围巾；包裹材料 (8) be wrapped in 裹在.里，笼罩在.中 T

27、he baby was wrapped in wool clothes. The mountain is wrapped in mist/fog. wrap sth. round / around sth. 把.绕在.上 wrap a bandage around his arm wrap a scarf round her neck 把围巾绕在脖子上44. parcel /psl/ n. 包裹，小包；一块地 vt. 裹好，打包 (8) take this parcel to the post office hand me those two parcels hand me a brightl

28、y wrapped parcel with a big red bow tear the parcel openparcel up some toys45. bow /b/ n. 蝴蝶结；弓 The ribbon was tied in a bow. A violin is played with a bow./ba/ vi. 鞠躬；低（头） (8)bow to sb. 向某人鞠躬 bow to sth. 屈从于., 向.低头，接受make a low bow to sb. 弯腰，鞠躬46. nephew /nefju; nevju/ n. 侄子，外甥 (8)47. disappointed

29、/dspntd/ adj. 失望的，沮丧的 (8) Sb. be disappointed at sth. / with sb. Sth. be disappointing. the disappointing news a disappointed expression on her face sth disappoint sb. v. to ones disappointment48. wrinkle /rkl/ n. 皱纹；褶皱，皱痕 vt. & vi.（ 使脸上）起皱纹，皱起 (8) The old man s face is covered with wrinkles. smooth

30、 away your wrinkles 消除皱纹 Grandma smiled back happily at me, with deep wrinkles around her eyes.wrinkle his forehead (v.)49. *pause /pz/ vi. 停顿，暂停 n. 停顿，停顿的时间 (8) press the pause button 按暂停键 without (a) pause 不停地 pause for breath / pause to catch sbs breath 停下来缓口气 She paused briefly when she first sa

31、w the dress. 稍停50. sew /s/ vi. & vt. (sewed, sewn) 缝，做针线活；缝上 (8) sew with a sewing machine a sewing needle do some sewing 做针线活51. pretend /prtend/ vi. & vt. 假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为 (8)pretend to do (be) / to be doing sth. / to have done sth.He pretended to be happy when hearing the news. He pretended to kno

32、w the secret. He pretended _ (do) his homework when Mum came in.He pretended_ (read) the book. He closed his eyes, _ to be sleeping. (pretend)I walked away, pretending not to have heard anything. 52. *privilege /prvld/ n. 荣幸；特殊利益,特权，优惠待遇 vt. 给予特权，特别优待 (11) enjoy the privilege 享有特权/优惠 have the privil

33、ege/ honour of doing sth. 有幸做某事 give sb. the privilege of doing sth. It is my pleasure and privilege to welcome you here today and present my thoughts on this special occasion. privileged adj. 有特权的 ，荣幸的53. *embrace /mbres/ vt. & vi. 欣然接受；包含；拥抱 (11) The two sisters embraced warmly. She eagerly embrac

34、ed the offer of a trip to Europe. 欣然接受 , ready to embrace the next phase of your lives54. phase /fez/ n. 阶段，时期 (11) The disease was discovered in an early phase. in the first phase of go through a difficult phase a new phase of ones career55. *anchor /k(r)/ n. 锚；给以安全感的人（或物）vi. & vt. 抛锚；使固定 (11) A sh

35、ip without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds.be anchored in shared interests56. mercy /msi/ n. 仁慈，宽恕 (11)show mercy to sb. = have mercy on sb. Distributing food among the homeless was an act of mercy. Everyone present showed mercy to/ had mercy on the deserted baby.We _ on the lazy ma

36、n. 毫不怜悯His stepmother treats him without mercy. 无情地We could do nothing but leave the ship at the mercy of the storm. His life was _ of the king. A. in charge of B. in control of C. at the mercy of D. in the face ofat the mercy of sb/sth 任处置，对无能为力, 任摆布 (11)57. likewise /lakwaz/ adv. 同样地；也，而且 (11) Thi

37、s is how I do it. I want you to do likewise. Harry fell over the rope and Jim did likewise. A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds; likewise, a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.58. deadline /dedlan/ n.

38、最后期限，截止日期 (11) set / meet /extend the deadline for sth 规定/赶上/延长.的最后期限 The deadline for making application is next Friday. meeting deadlines for your schoolwork59. guidance /adns/ n. 指导；导航 (11) under the guidance of sb. follow your teachers guidance, guide n. 向导，指南，导游手册 v. 指引，指导 guide us through the

39、forest 带领我们穿过森林 a guide to Japan 日本旅游指南60. fault /flt/ n. 过错，责任；弱点，缺点 (11) faulty adj. 有瑕疵的 Its my fault. 是我的错 find fault with 挑剔，找茬 If it is indeed your own fault, be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it.61. virtue /vtu/ n. 美德；正直的品性；优点 (11) A man of great virtue 高尚的人 have the virtue of 具

40、有的长处/优点 by/in the virtue of 由于62. integrity /nterti/ n. 诚实正直；完整，完好 (12) His integrity prevents him from doing anything wrong. A man of integrity is respected. Our integrity as a nation is threatened. 我们国家的完整性遭到威胁 practise the virtue of integrity.63. organic /nk/ adj. 有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的 (12) orga

41、nic food The novel is an organic whole. Society is an organic whole Organic gardening uses no manufactured chemicals. organism n. 机体，生物体64starfish /stf/ n. 海星，星鱼 (12) the story of a small boy who tried to save starfish left on the beach65. discouraged /dskrdd/ adj. 灰心的 (12) Sb. be/get discouraged St

42、h. be discouraging. It is very discouraging that. Dont let one failure discourage you; try again. discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 discouragement n. 劝阻，泄气(u.n.)，使人泄气的事(c.n.)66. garbage /bd/ n. 垃圾；废话 (12) garbage can garbage collection 垃圾收集 Throw it in the garbage. 把它扔到垃圾桶去 Dont forget to take out the garbage. 别忘了把垃圾拿出去 Picking up garbage around your neighbourhood contributes to a cleaner environment67. saving /sev/ n. 节省物，节省；储蓄金 (12) Buy three and make a saving of 15 yuan. 买三件就能节省15元 Being energy-efficient leads