（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修第四册知识点学案(全册一套4份打包).rar

学科网（北京）股份有限公司1选择性必修四选择性必修四 Unit 2 Understanding each other一、重点单词与短语：一、重点单词与短语：1. react vi. （对）作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应react to 对作出反应/过敏react with 与起化学反应react against 反对，反抗react on 对有影响reaction n. 回应，反应；生理反应，副作用 (to)reactive adj. 反应的，有反应的，回应的；能起化学反应的典题赏析：典题赏析：1) Local residents have reacted angrily _ the news. 当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒。2) Iron reacts _ water and air to produce rust. 铁和水及空气起化学反应而生锈。3) He reacts strongly _ his father. 他强烈反对他的父亲。4) The rise in oil costs reacted _ the price of food. 油费的上涨影响了食物的价格。5) What is their _ the report? 他们对这份报道反应如何？2. mail n. 电子邮件；邮政，邮递系统电子邮件；邮政，邮递系统 (the)；邮件，邮包，信件；邮报；邮件，邮包，信件；邮报 uvt. 邮寄；用电子邮件传送，发电邮给邮寄；用电子邮件传送，发电邮给by mail 邮寄；通过邮递；通过写信in the mail 在邮件中；在邮寄途中mail sth. to sb. 把某物邮寄给某人mailbox n. 信箱；邮箱，邮筒；电子邮箱 cmailbag n. 邮袋 c学科网（北京）股份有限公司2mailman n. 邮递员 c典题赏析：典题赏析：1) Did you send it _? 你是通过邮递把它寄走的吗？2) Is there anything interesting _? 邮件中有什么有趣的东西吗？3) I will _ this letter _ you tomorrow.我明天把这封信寄给你。3. competent adj. 足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的；合格的，不错的；足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的；合格的，不错的；有决定权的，有法定权力的有决定权的，有法定权力的be competent for/in 胜任be competent to do sth. 有能力干某事；有权干某事competently adv. 胜任地；适合地competence n. 能力，胜任 c/u；权限，管辖权 u；技能，本领 c典题赏析：典题赏析：1) Tom is very competent _ his work.2) Make sure the firm _ carry out the work. 要确保这家公司有能力完成这项工作。3) This court _ hear your case.这个法庭无权审理你的案子。4. obtain vt. （尤指经努力）获得，赢得获得，赢得obtain advice/information/permission 得到忠告/信息/许可obtainable adj. 可获得的，可得到的典题赏析：典题赏析：1) You can _ through practice. 你可以从实践经验中获得知识。2) Full details are _ (obtain) from any post office.学科网（北京）股份有限公司35. suit vt. 对（某人）方便，满足（某人）需要，合（某人）心意；对（某人）方便，满足（某人）需要，合（某人）心意；相配，合身；适合，适宜，有利于相配，合身；适合，适宜，有利于n. 套装，西装，西服套装，西装，西服 csuitto 使适合suit oneself 随自己的意愿做事；（表示听凭对方的意愿）自便，随便suit sb. fine 很合某人的意，对某人很合适suit ones book 对某人方便/有用It suits sb. to do sth. 干某事适合某人a suit of 一套follow suit 跟着做，照着做，仿效suited adj. 合适的，适当的，适宜的；般配的 (反：unsuited)be suited to/for sth. 合适/适宜be suited to do sth. 适合干某事suitable adj. 合适的，适合的 (反：unsuitable)be suitable for 适合be suitable to do sth. 适合干某事辨析：辨析：fit，suit 与 match 的区别1) fit 多指大小、尺寸、形状合适，通常意为“合身，适合”。The new coat fits me well. 那件新外套很适合我。2) suit 多指衣服、鞋子等的颜色、款式、花样适合；还可指事物合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等。 Does the time suit you? 那个时间适合你吗？ No dish suits all tastes. 众口难调。3) match 多指大小、色调、形状、性质等多方面的搭配。学科网（北京）股份有限公司4 Your suit doesnt match your tie. 你的西服与你的领带不搭配。典题赏析：典题赏析：1) A good teacher _ his lessons _ the age of his pupils.一个好教师能够使他的课堂适应学生的年龄2) His new job _ well _ his abilities. 他的新工作跟他的能力很相配。3) How about eight oclock outside the cinema?That _（适合）me fine.4) This programme _ children. 这个节目儿童不宜。5) I dont have anything suitable _ (wear) for the party.6) It suits me _ (start) work at a later time.7) I think Ill stay in this evening. _（随你的便）!8) The coat _ me perfectly. However, the colour is too dark. Purple and blue are the colours that _ me well. A blue coat _ a purple trouser, they look very well together. (用 suit, fit 和 match 填空)6. negotiate vt. & vi. 谈判，协商；商定，达成谈判，协商；商定，达成（协议）negotiate with sb. about/for sth. 就某事和某人谈判negotiate a deal/contract/treaty/settlement 达成交易/确立合同/商定条约内容/商定解决措施the negotiating table 谈判桌 come to the negotiating table 开始正式谈判negotiation n. 谈判，磋商，协商 c，一般用复数；uenter into/open/conduct negotiations with sb. 和某人开始/展开/进行谈判be open to negotiation 可以协商in negotiation with 与协商under negotiation 在协商中学科网（北京）股份有限公司5negotiable adj. 可协商的，可讨论的；流通的，可兑现的，可转让的；可通行的negotiator n. 谈判代表；协商者典题赏析：典题赏析：1) We have decided to negotiate _ you _ our cooperation.2) They agreed to try to settle their dispute by _ (negotiate).3) The official says that the next step is _ (negotiate) the treaty.4) It is still _（在协商中）about when to hold the sports meet.5) A contract is prepared _ our clients.我们和客户协商起草了一份合同。6) The terms of the contract are still _.合同条款仍可协商。7. fold vt. 折叠，对折；包，裹折叠，对折；包，裹 (反：unfold)n. 褶，褶层，折叠部分褶，褶层，折叠部分 cfold up 折叠，对折；倒闭，歇业fold.in half/two 把对折起来fold ones arms 双臂交叉在胸前fold sb. in ones arms 拥抱/搂住某人fold A in B=fold B around/over A 用 B 包着 Aabove/below the fold（报纸或网页）最上/下面部分，最显眼/不显眼部分典题赏析：典题赏析：1) He _ the map _ and put it in his pocket.他把地图折起来，放进了口袋。2) The woman _ the tickets _ two and tore them _ half.那个女人把票对折后撕成两半。学科网（北京）股份有限公司63) She gently folded the baby _ a blanket. She gently folded a blanket _ the baby.她轻轻地把婴儿裹在毯子里。4) Your ad will be placed _ in our newspaper.你们的广告将放在我们报纸的醒目位置。5) Tom stood silently with his arms _.汤姆交叉着双臂一言不发地站着。8. knowledgeable adj. 博学的，有见识的，知识渊博的博学的，有见识的，知识渊博的be knowledgeable about 对有见识knowledgeably adv.knowledge n. 知识，学问，学识 u典题赏析：典题赏析：1) She is very knowledgeable _ plants.9. put yourself in sb.s shoes (=be in sb.s shoes) 处于某人的境地，设身处地处于某人的境地，设身处地典题赏析：典题赏析：1) You need to _ and try to understand why they did it.你要站在他们的立场上去理解他们为什么那样做。2) If I were _, I would resign immediately.要是我处于你的位置，我就立刻辞职。10. sympathy n. 同情；赞同，支持；同情；赞同，支持；慰问慰问 u/cexpress/have/feel sympathy for sb. 向某人表示体恤；对某人感到同情in sympathy with 因而出现，相应发生；赞同，支持 (=have sympathy for)out of sympathy with 不赞成，不支持（某人或事物）学科网（北京）股份有限公司7out of sympathy for 出于对的同情a letter/message of sympathy 慰问信sympathetic adj. 同情的，支持的，有同感的sympathize vi. 同情，怜悯；赞同，支持 (with)典题赏析：典题赏析：1) After hearing her story, he _（对她感到同情）and decided to help her out.2) _（出于对的同情）the earthquake victims, the kind-hearted lady gave away her clothes and quilts to them.3) The seamen were on strike _（支持）the dockers.4) Share prices slipped _（因而出现）the German market.5) I was _（不赞成）this point of view.6) I find it very hard to sympathize _ him.11. account for 是是的说明的说明/原因；原因；（数量上、比例上）占；解释，说明占；解释，说明take.into account=take account of 考虑到，顾及be of great/no account 很重要/不重要on ones account 为了某人的缘故on this/that account 由于这/那个缘故on account of 因为，由于on no account 决不 (位于句首时，句子要用倒装)on all accounts/every account 无论如何by/from all accounts 据说，根据报道典题赏析：典题赏析：1) The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowded. 意为：_2) How do you account for the shows success? 意为：_学科网（北京）股份有限公司83) Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. 意为：_4) On no account _ tell him about our plans.你决不能把我们的计划告诉他。5) Mark was stopped from returning home _ the sudden heavy rain. Besides, _ safety _, he decided to stay in the tent for another night. These _ his absence from school.由于突然下大雨，马克没能回家。此外，考虑到安全问题，他决定在帐篷里面再待一个晚上。这些就是他缺课的原因。12. approve vt. 批准，通过批准，通过 （后接计划、要求、提案等）vi. 赞成，同意赞成，同意 (反：disapprove)approve sth. 批准/通过某事approve of sb./sth. 同意/赞成某人/某事approve of (sb./sbs) doing sth. 同意/赞成（某人）干某事approval n. 批准，认可；赞成，同意 u approving adj. 赞成的，赞许的，满意的 The committee approved the plan. 委员会通过了计划。 I told my mother I wanted to leave school but she didnt approve. 我告诉母亲我不想继续上学，但是母亲不同意。Not everyone approves of the festival. 不是每个人都喜欢这个节日。He doesnt approve of me/my leaving school this year. 他不同意我今年离校。典题赏析：典题赏析：1) My teacher didnt approve of my _ (leave) school early today.2) The professor finally submitted his project to the school board for _ (approve) last month.3) She wanted to train for the theatre, but her parents _ (approve) of her intention.学科网（北京）股份有限公司94) I _ to earn some money, but please dont neglect your studies.我同意你设法去挣一些钱，可是请不要忽视学业。13. gain vt. & vi. 获得，赢得，取得；增进，增长；获得，赢得，取得；增进，增长；（从中）受益受益n. 好处，利益好处，利益 cgain ones respect/trust 赢得某人的尊重/信任gain experience/fame/independence/support 获得经验/名声/独立/支持gain weight 体重增加gain (.) from/by. 从中受（）益There is nothing to be gained from/by. 干是无济于事的。gain access to 进入（建筑物）；得以见到（某人），得以使用（某物）No pains, no gains. 不劳则无获A fall into a pit, a gain in ones wit. 吃一堑长一智。典题赏析：典题赏析：1) Only when we respect others, _.只有当我们尊重别人时，我们才能赢得别人的尊重。2) You will _in working with computers. 你在使用电脑的过程中会得到有用的经验。3) I _ recently.近来我的体重增加了许多。4) The police managed to _（进入）the house through a broken window.5) There is nothing _ (gain) from delaying the decision.6) Who stands to gain _ this decision?14. gesture n. 手势，姿势手势，姿势 c/u；姿态，表示；姿态，表示 cvi. & vt. 做手势，用手势表示，用动作示意做手势，用手势表示，用动作示意学科网（北京）股份有限公司10gesture language 手势语，肢体语言by gesture 用手势make a gesture 做手势as a gesture of (friendship/goodwill/support) 作为的表示gesture for/to sb. to do sth. 用手势示意某人干某事gesture to sb. that. 用手势示意某人典题赏析：典题赏析：1) They communicated entirely _. 他们完全用手势交流。2) They sent some flowers _ sympathy to the parents of the child. 他们送了一些花表示对孩子父母的同情。3) She gestured _ the applicants to come in. 她示意让申请人进来。4) He gestured _ me that it was time to go. 他示意我该走了。5) If you find it hard to express yourself clearly in English, you can _.如果你觉得难以用英语清楚地表达你自己，你可以做些手势。15. precisely adv. 准确地，恰好地；细心地，精确地；准确地，恰好地；细心地，精确地；正是，确实；对，的确如此，一点不错正是，确实；对，的确如此，一点不错precisely speaking 严格说来; 确切地讲more precisely 更确切地说；更严格地说describe sth. precisely 精确地描述某事物precise adj. 准确的，精确的，确切的；就，恰好；认真的，一丝不苟的to be (more) precise 确切地说，准确地说典题赏析：典题赏析：1) Thats _ what I meant. 那恰恰是我的意思。2) Its _ because I care about you that I dont like you staying out late.学科网（北京）股份有限公司11 正是因为我关心你，我才不要你太晚回家。3)Roberts should resign. _（的确如此）.4) The problem is due to discipline, or, _, the lack of discipline in schools.问题出在纪律上，或者更确切地说，是学校缺乏纪律。5) My parents live abroadin the USA _.我的父母生活在国外，确切地说，住在美国。16. preference n. 喜欢，偏爱喜欢，偏爱 u；优惠，优待；优惠，优待 c/u；偏爱的事物；偏爱的事物 chave a preference for 偏爱give (a) preference to 给予优先权；优待in preference to 优先于；而不是prefer vt. 更喜欢，宁愿，希望prefer to do sth./doing sth. 喜欢干某事prefer sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人干某事prefer sth. to sth. 喜欢而不喜欢prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢干而不喜欢干prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.prefer doing sth. rather than doing sth. 宁愿干某事而不愿干某事preferable adj. 较适合的，更可取的典题赏析：典题赏析：1) Each of us is likely to have a preference _certain types of entertainment.2) As for diet, Mary chooses vegetables and fruit _ any kind of meat.3) For sustainable development, the government has decided to _those energy-saving and environment-friendly businesses.学科网（北京）股份有限公司124) Many people living in the city would actually prefer _ (live) in the country.5) Nowadays, many teenagers prefer _ (stay) at home rather than _ (go) out.17. jam n. 果酱果酱 u；拥挤，堵塞；拥挤，堵塞 c；困境；困境 c/u；卡住；卡住 c vt. 使劲挤使劲挤/压压/塞；挤进，挤满；夹住，卡住；干扰塞；挤进，挤满；夹住，卡住；干扰strawberry jam 草莓酱traffic jam 交通阻塞，堵车be in a jam 陷入困境jam tomorrow 可望而不可即的美好未来，许而不予的好东西jam on the brakes 猛踩刹车典题赏析：典题赏析：1) Sorry, we are late. We got stuck in _.对不起，我们来晚了，路上堵车。2) The boss was _ because the workers were on strike.因为工人罢工，老板陷入了困境。3) They refused to settle for a promise of _.他们并不满足于那些美好未来的空话。4) The photocopier keeps _ up. 这台复印机老是卡纸。18. somewhat adv. 有点，有几分，稍微有点，有几分，稍微somehow adv. 不知为什么；不知怎么地；莫名其妙地anyhow adv. (=anyway) 不管怎样，无论如何；不过，总之；尽管；而且；随便地，杂乱无章地；典题赏析：典题赏析：用 somehow, anyhow, somewhat 填空：1) His theories are _ remote from reality.学科网（北京）股份有限公司132) He is nice, but _ I dont like him.3) I dont know if it was lost or stolen; _, its gone.19. embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的be embarrassed about 对感到尴尬be embarrassed at 因感到尴尬be embarrassed to do sth. 尴尬干某事embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的，令人不好意思的embarrass vt. 使窘迫，使尴尬；使为难，使困惑，使陷入困境embarrass sb. into doing sth. 使某人为难干某事It embarrasses sb. to do sth. 干某事使某人尴尬embarrassment n. 害羞，窘迫，难堪 u；使人为难的处境，困境 c；令人为难的人 cto ones embarrassment 使某人感到尴尬的是典题赏析：典题赏析：1) The girl is embarrassed _ her height.2) He felt embarrassed _ being the center of attention.3) Some women are too embarrassed _ (consult) their doctor about the problem.4) It embarrassed her _ (meet) strange men in the corridor at night.5) His _ questions made me feel greatly _. I felt my face burning with _. (embarrass)20. intention n. 意图，计划，打算，目的意图，计划，打算，目的 c/uhave no intention of doing sth. 没有干某事的意图/打算with the intention of doing sth. 怀着干某事的意图/打算intention to do sth. 干某事的意图/打算good/the best intentions 一片好心/好意学科网（北京）股份有限公司14by intention 故意地intentional adj. 有意的，故意的intentionally adv. 有意地，故意地intend vt. 想要，打算，计划intend to do sth./doing sth. 想要/打算干某事intend sb. to do sth. 想要/打算某人干某事intended to have done sth./had intended to do sth. 本打算干某事（而实际上未干）intend that. 打算intend sb. for sth./intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做；要使某人成为be intended for 专为而设计的，专供使用的be intended to do sth. 打算干某事典题赏析：典题赏析：1) I have no _ (intend) of helping him after what he said to me.2) The book isnt intended _ general readers probably because the author employed too many scientific terms.3) He intends _ (study) abroad next year.4) He _ (intend) to return home, but he put off the trip due to the bad weather.5) It is not my intention _ (argue) with you.6) The books _ (intend) for children were lost last week.21. correspond vi. 类似于；相一致，符合；通信类似于；相一致，符合；通信correspond to 相当于，类似于correspond to/with 与相符/相称/一致correspond with 与通信典题赏析：典题赏析：学科网（北京）股份有限公司151) The written record of the conversation doesnt correspond _ what was actually said.2) The U.S. Congress corresponds _ the British Parliament.3) Are you still corresponding _ your American friend?22. behave vi. & vt. 表现得体，有礼貌；表现表现得体，有礼貌；表现（后接副词、介宾短语或 as if/though引导的状语从句）behave oneself 放规矩点；表现得体behave well/badly 表现得好/不好behavior n. 行为，举止，态度 (towards) ugood/bad behavior 良好的/恶劣的行为be on ones best behavior 尽可能好地表现，尽量行为检点well-behaved adj. 表现好的，行为规矩的 (比较级：better-behaved)badly-behaved adj. 表现差的，不守规矩的 (比较级：worse-behaved)典题赏析：典题赏析：1) Tom, _（放规矩点）! Did you forget the school rules? 【上海卷】2) The headmaster will not tolerate _（不规矩的行为）in class.3) They _ towards their guests. 他们对客人们很不礼貌。4) He behaved _ nothing had happened. 他显得像是什么都没发生过。5) Her fathers behavior _ him was irrational.6) I want you both to be _your best behavior at grandpas.7) As you know, family rules, which let us know how to behave _ (we) and develop healthily, are greatly beneficial to us.23. tolerate vt. 容许，允许；忍受，容忍；容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受能经受（困难条件），（对药物）有耐受性有耐受性tolerate doing 容忍干某事学科网（北京）股份有限公司16tolerance n. 容忍，忍受，宽容 u；忍耐力，忍受性 c/u (反：intolerance)tolerable adj. 可接受的，可忍受的，可容忍的；尚好的，还可以的 (反：intolerable)tolerant adj. 忍受的，容忍的，宽容的；能在困难条件下生存的，能耐的 (反：intolerant)be tolerant of 对宽容；能耐的典题赏析：典题赏析：1) She refused to tolerate _ (call) a liar.2) Every man has his faults. We should, therefore, learn to be tolerant _ others.3) To create a harmonious society, we need to show greater _ (tolerate) towards each other.4) The apartment is really too small, but its _ (tolerate) for the time being.24. fluent adj.（尤指外语）流利的，流畅的，熟练的流利的，流畅的，熟练的be fluent in 在方面流利/流畅fluency n. 流利，流畅 c/uwith fluency 流利地，流畅地have fluency in 在方面流利/流畅fluently adv. 流利地，流畅地典题赏析：典题赏析：根据句意填空他英语讲得流利。1) He _ _ _ English.2) He speaks English _ _.3) He speaks English _.25. cooperate vi. 合作，协作；协助，配合合作，协作；协助，配合cooperate with sb. in/on sth. 在方面与某人合作/配合学科网（北京）股份有限公司17cooperate to do sth. 合作干某事cooperation n. 合作，协作；协助，配合 uin cooperation with 与合作full/complete cooperation 全力合作cooperative adj. 合作的，协作的；协助的，配合的cooperator n. 合作者；合作社社员典题赏析：典题赏析：1) The two groups agreed to cooperate _ each other _ this plan.2) China and the UN are cooperating _ (deliver) supplies to the area.3) This report is produced by the government _（与合作）the chemical industry.4) The woman in the bank wasnt very _ (cooperate).26. cite vt. 提及提及（原因），举出，举出（示例），列举；引用，引述；，列举；引用，引述；传唤，传讯；嘉奖，表彰，表扬传唤，传讯；嘉奖，表彰，表扬cite.as. 提及/引用当作cite an example 举例；引用一个例子cite sb. for sth. 因某事而传唤/表扬某人citation n. 引文，引语 c；引用，引证 u；表彰，嘉奖状 c典题赏析：典题赏析：1) He _ his heavy workload _ the reason for his breakdown.他说繁重的工作负荷是导致他累垮的原因。 2) Joe _ his bravery. 乔因表现勇敢而得到嘉奖。3) Space does not permit the _ of the examples. 篇幅有限，示例从略。27. broaden ones mind 拓展视野，开阔眼界拓展视野，开阔眼界学科网（北京）股份有限公司18broaden ones horizons 开阔视野broad out 逐渐变宽/阔典题赏析：典题赏析：1) Spending a year working in the city help