Unit 4 Grammar and usage ppt课件-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语必修第三册 (2).rar

Unit Unit 4 4Verbedformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplementsBytheendofthissection,youwillbeableto: understandthemeaningofverbedformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplements; summarizethegrammaticalrulesofverbedformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplements; useverbedforms,verbingformsandtoinfinitivestoorganizeaparagraphbasedonthenotesgiven.ExploringtherulesHenry is reading a science magazine article about a world-changing discovery made by accident. Read through the article and fill in the following table.TuYouyouAlexanderFlemingNationalityDiscoveryTimeofdiscoveryUseofdiscoveryEffectofdiscoveryPrizeChineseScottishQinghaosuPenicillin19721928TreatmalariaTreatwounds/killbacteriaBenefitedmillionsofpatientsSavedmillionsoflifeNobelPrize,2015NobelPrize,1945Find verb-ed forms in the article and fill in the table below. The first one has been done for you.Weshouldknowthedifferencebetweenverb-edandthepastforminthepasttense.VerbedformasanattributivesomethingproducedbythemouldVerbedformasanadverbialVerbedformasanobjectcomplementSurprised by this, Fleming performed some tests.get its mass production startedthe prepared mind谓语非谓语谓语非谓语谓语非谓语Theresultsindicatedthatsomethingproducedbythemouldhadkilledthebacteria.Whatcanyoufindoutfromtheexamplesentences?谓语非谓语作定语修饰something,something与produced之间为被动关系Surprisedbythis,Flemingperformedsometests.谓语非谓语过去分词做状语，描述主语状态.hishardworkanddeterminationhelpedgetitsmassproductionstarted.谓语非谓语help(to)do.宾语与宾补为被动关系作定语修饰mind,mind与prepared之间为被动关系Fortunefavoursthepreparedmind.谓语非谓语Workingouttherules Averbedformcanbeusedlikeanadjectiveoranadverb,indicatinga(n)_(active/passive)meaning. Averbedformcanappearbeforeorafteranoun.Itmodifiesthenounlikea(n)_(relativeclause/adverbialclause). Averbedformcanbeusedasanadverbialoranobjectcomplement.passiverelativeclause动词ed形式（短语）具有形容词或副词的特点，在句子中可以充当：1.定语a.通常，单个的动词ed形式放在所修饰词的前面，动词ed形式短语放在所修饰词的后面；有时单个的动词ed形式也可作后置定语。egSharkshaveahighlydevelopedsenseofsmell.Wealthgotbylabourissweetintheenjoyment.Theexperiencegainedwillbeofgreatvaluetous.b.作定语的动词ed形式（短语）与所修饰词之间为动宾关系，有时表示该动作已完成。egUsedcarsarelessexpensive.2.状语a.动词ed形式（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。b.动词ed形式（短语）作状语时，可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随或方式等。egTranslatedintoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.（时间）Thechildren,exhausted(疲惫的)bythejourney,fellasleepatonce.（原因）Theteacupfelldowntotheground,broken.（结果）Consideredfromthispointofview,thequestionunderdiscussionisofgreatimportance.（条件）Bornofthesameparents,hebearsnosimilaritytohisbrother.（让步）Theyoungmancameintotheroom,followedbyhisfriends.（伴随）c.动词ed形式（短语）作状语时，前面可以加一个连词，使动词ed形式（短语）所表示的时间、让步、条件等关系更清楚。这类连词包括although，if，once，though，when，while，whenever，unless，asif，eventhough等。egWhencombinedwithpractice,theorybecomeseasiertolearn.Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.Unlessheated,abodywillhavenotendencytoexpand(膨胀).3.宾语补足语a.动词ed形式（短语）作宾语补足语时，表示被动或完成，有时候两者兼而有之。b.动词ed形式（短语）作宾语补足语的情况通常有以下几类：用于“with/without复合结构”中；egWiththeproblemsolved,themeetingcametoitsend.Theysatstillforafewminutes,withoutasinglewordspoken.用于have，keep，leave，make等使役动词之后；egPleasekeepusinformedofthelatestdevelopments.Wehavemadeourviewsonthesequestionsunderstood.用于hear，feel，find，see等感官动词之后；egHeonceheardthesongsunginEnglish.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwelltakencareofinthenursery(托儿所).用于like，order，want，wish等表示“希望，要求”的动词之后。egWewanttheworkfinishedbynextMonday.Shebegantowishthewholebusinessfinished.【拓展】4.表语动词ed形式作表语时通常用来表示主语的感受或所处的状态。egHewasveryexcitedwhenheheardthenews.AfteratimeIgrewdissatisfiedwiththework.ApplyingtherulesRewrite the following sentences using a verb-ed form as an attributives, adverbial or object complement.1Thescientistwhohasbeenhighlypraisedwonanaward.Thehighlypraisedscientistwonanaward.2Theexperimentthatismentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.3Thepatientssoonrecoveredbecausetheyweretreatedwiththenewmedicine.Theexperimentmentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.Treatedwiththenewmedicine,thepatientssoonrecovered.4Thescientistfoundthattheequipmentinthelaboratoryhadbeendestroyed.5Oncethisreportisfinished,itwillbeveryusefulforfutureresearch.Thescientistfoundtheequipmentinthelaboratorydestroyed.Oncefinished,thisreportwillbeveryusefulforfutureresearch.1Thehighlypraisedscientistwonanaward.2Theexperimentmentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.3Treatedwiththenewmedicine,thepatientssoonrecovered.4Thescientistfoundtheequipmentinthelaboratorydestroyed.5Oncefinished,thisreportwillbeveryusefulforfutureresearch.Afterbeingrewritten,insentences_,theverbedformsareusedasattributives;insentences_,theverbedformsareusedasadverbials;insentences_,theverbedformsareusedasadverbials.1,23,54Henry is reading an article about Franklins kite experiment. Complete the article below with the correct verb-ed forms or verb-ing forms.Weshouldanalyzetherelationshipbetweenthelogicsubjectandtheverbtodecidewhetheritispassiveoractive.Sometimes,verbedcanbeusedasanadjectivemeaning“.的”;verbingcanbeusedasanadjectivemeaning“令人.的”.BenjaminFranklinwasafamousscientist,writer,printer,inventorandpolitician.Asascientist,hewaswellknownforhiskiteexperiment.Thestorygoeslikethis:Franklinhadfoundlightning_(interest)foryears,believingitwasactuallyelectricity.Hedesignedanexperimenttoprovehistheory.Heworkedoutthatbyflyingakiteduringathunderstorm,electricitycouldgothroughthewetkitelinedowntoearth.interesting_(know)itwastoodangeroustoholdthewetline,Franklinheldasilkribbon_(tie)totheendofit.Hemadesurethesilkribbonstayeddrysothattheelectricitywouldnotgothroughhisbody.Thenheattachedametalkeywheretheribbonandkitelinejoined.Whenathunderstormapproached,thelightningwouldchargethekey._(conduct)onastormydayin1752,hisexperimentprovedlightningreallywasjustelectricity.KnowingtiedConductedFranklinhadhistheory_(accept)bymanypeople.However,somepeoplequestionedwhetherhehadactuallydonetheexperiment,_(argue)thatifhehadreallydoneit,hewouldhavereceivedadeadlyelectricshock.Whateverthetruth,Franklindidmakecontributionstothestudiesofelectricity.arguingacceptedWhywasFranklinsexperimentquestioned?Becausemanypeoplebelievedthatifhehadreallydonetheexperiment,hewouldhavereceivedadeadlyelectricshock.I. Rewrite the following sentences using verb-ed forms.1Themuseumwhichwasbuiltin1900isstillinexcellentcondition.Themuseum_isstillinexcellentcondition.2Theseatswhicharereservedforthedisabledarejustneartheentrance.Theseats_arejustneartheentrance.3AfterhewasencouragedbywhatJanesaid,Peterwalkedtothecentreofthestage._,Peterwalkedtothecentreofthestage.builtin1900reservedforthedisabledEncouragedbywhatJanesaid4UnlessIaminvited,IwontgotoJacksgraduationparty._,IwontgotoJacksgraduationparty.5IlikedthesongthatwassunginEnglish.Iliked_inEnglish.6WhenIgotthere,Inoticedthecarwasstuckinthesnow.WhenIgotthere,Inoticed_inthesnow.UnlessinvitedthesongsungthecarstuckII. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box below.inspirepermitapplysurroundlockwait1Theybrokedownthedoortoreachthepeople_inside.2Thereisalonglistofpeople_forthejob.3Imterriblysorrytohavekeptyou_forsuchalongtime.4Heleftthehotel_byacrowdoffansandjournalists.5Wellgoandhaveapicnicatthebeachtomorrow,weather_.6_bytheoldman,theydecidedtogooutandexplorethewoods.lockedappliedwaitedsurroundedpermittingInspired1.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes65(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.（2020全国卷II）decorated2.Technologicalinnovations,_goodmarketing,willpromotethesalesoftheseproducts.（2020江苏卷）A.combinedwithB.combiningwithC.havingcombinedwithD.tobecombinedwithA1.Heobservedthatthebacteriasurroundingthemouldweredead.surroundv. to be all around sth/sb (使)包围,环绕;围绕【用法】surround.with用包围besurroundedby/withsth./sb.被某物/某人所包围egTalltreessurroundthelake.Thelakeissurroundedwith/bytrees.【拓展】surroundingadj.(作定语)周围的;附近的surroundingsn.(pl.)环境(同environment)【语境应用】用surround的适当形式填空。1)Lucywassittingonthefloor_bytoys.2)Wedecidedtoexplorethe_countryside.3)Whenhecamebacktolife,hefoundhimself_byhischildren.4)Itsimportanttoworkinfriendly_.surroundedsurroundingsurroundedsurroundings单句语法填空。Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds69._(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.(2020全国卷III)surrounding2.Theresultsindicatedthatsomethingproducedbythemouldhadkilledthebacteria.indicatev. to show that sth is true or exists 表明egResearchindicatesthateatinghabitsarechangingfast.【用法】indicatesth.tosb.向某人指示indicatethat.指示；表明【拓展】indicationn.象征;显示;标示Thereisnoindicationthat.无迹象表明Therearesomeindicationsthat.有迹象表明egThereareclearindicationsthattheeconomyisimproving.3.Fortunefavoursthepreparedmind.幸运眷顾有准备的人。favourv. to treat sb better than you treat other people, especially in an unfair way 偏袒 to prefer one system, plan, way of doing sth, etc. to another 支持，赞同 to provide suitable conditions for a particular person, group, etc. 有利于，有助于egThecurrenteconomydoesnotfavourthedevelopmentofsmallbusinesses.Itremainstobeseeniftheshowwillstillfindfavourwitha1990saudience.【拓展】n.恩惠;照顾;好意;关心;支持dosb.afavour帮某人忙askafavourofsb.请某人帮忙winsb.sfavour得到某人的欢心/好感infavour得宠outoffavour失宠infavourof赞成;支持;有利于【语境应用】完成句子。1)Couldyou_andtellKellyIcantmakeit?你帮个忙告诉凯莉说我来不了好吗？2)Grammarbasedteachingmethods_inthe60sand70s.在六七十年代，以语法为基础的教学法失宠了。domeafavourwentoutoffavour4.Whenathunderstormapproached,thelightningwouldchargethekey.chargev. to ask an amount of money for goods or a service 收费 to accuse sb formally of a crime so that there can be a trial in court 控诉 to pass electricity through sth so that it is stored there充电egTherestaurantcharged20fordinner.Severalpeoplewerearrestedbutnobodywascharged.Beforeuse,thebatterymustbecharged.【用法】chargesb.for为向某人收取费用chargesb.with(doing)sth.=accusesb.of控告某人(做)某事【拓展】n.费用;主管takechargeof掌管；负责inchargeof主管，负责in/underthechargeof由负责freeofcharge免费【语境应用】完成句子。1)Yourorderwillbedelivered_(免费)withinatenmilelimit.2)Theychargedmefivedollars_acupofcoffee.3)Theprojectis_(在掌管之下)anexperiencedengineer.4)Themanarrestedbythepolice_(被指控)stealing.waschargedwithfreeofchargeforinthechargeofReadthenotesaboutAlfredWegenerandhistheoryofcontinentaldriftofB3.Writeashortparagraphusingverbedforms,verbingformsandtoinfinitives.