专升本英语语法-主谓一致课件.ppt

1、在在英语英语句子里句子里, ,谓语受主语支配谓语受主语支配, ,其动其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致, ,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律, ,大致可大致可归纳为三个原则归纳为三个原则, ,即即语法一致、逻辑语法一致、逻辑意义一致意义一致和和就近一致就近一致原则原则。一、谓语动词为单数的情况1.由and连接的 并列成分指的是同一概念，身兼两职或成套事物 a worker and writer;a knife and fork e.g.1.The poet and writer .(come） 2.A hammer and a saw usef

2、ul tools.考点：用考点：用andand连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整 体体, , 如如:bread and butter(:bread and butter(黄油抹面包黄油抹面包), knife and fork(), knife and fork(刀叉刀叉) )等等 作主语时作主语时, , 谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。has comeare2. Every and(every)/eachand (each) no and (no), many aand (many a)连接两连接两 个单数名词作主语个单数名词作主语. e.g.1.Every

3、boy and every girl_ to go swimming. 2. No teacher and no student_absent from the meeting. 3. Each man and (each) woman _asked to help. likeswasis考点考点：用连接的并列主语被用连接的并列主语被each, every each, every 或或nono修饰时修饰时, , 谓语动词谓语动词用单数。用单数。 something, everything, anything, nothing something, everything, anything, n

4、othing，somebody, somebody, nobody, no one nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。思考：思考： 1.Many a boy playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球。许多男生都喜欢打篮球。 2. More than one student . 不只一个学生迟到。不只一个学生迟到。 3.More persons than one help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。不止一个人来帮助我们。likeswas latecome to考点考点：若主语中有：若主语中有more than

5、 one 或或many a/an， 尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍 用单数。用单数。 但但more+复数名词复数名词+than one做主语做主语 时时, 谓语动词仍用复数。谓语动词仍用复数。e.g.1.Serving the people _my greatest happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福为人民服务是我最大的幸福. . 2. When well go out for an outing_. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。ishas been decided3.不定式(短语), 动名词(短语),

6、或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 e.g. 1. Air as well as water matter. 空气和水都是物质。空气和水都是物质。 2. No one except two servants late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。没有一个人迟来用餐。 iswas4.单数主语单数主语即使后面带有即使后面带有with, along with, together with, like(像像), but (除了除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不

7、是而不是), including, in addition to引导的引导的短语短语, 谓语动词仍用单数谓语动词仍用单数5. one/every one/each /either/the number of +复数复数名词作主语名词作主语e.g. Each of us something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。我们每个人都有话要说。has考点考点：each of + 复数代词复数代词, 谓语动词用单数。复谓语动词用单数。复数代词数代词+each, 谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。思考：思考：None of us perfect. 人无完人。人无完人。 None of this

8、me. 这事一点不使我着急。这事一点不使我着急。are (is)worries考点：考点：none 做主语时做主语时,谓语动词可用单数，也可用谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数：但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数，因复数：但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数，因而谓语动词要用单数。而谓语动词要用单数。6.无生命集体名词无生命集体名词clothing /cloth /furniture /traffic /jewelry/luggage/poetry/equipment/machinery（机（机器器)/baggage做主语做主语 e.g. 1. Clothing _ badly needed in t

9、his flooded area. 2.The number of the unemployed _ still increasing. 3. All their baggage _ stolen. 4.The furniture _ convenient to move. 5.All the machinery in the factory _ made in China. 6. Jewelry _ used for decoration and wear. isis iswasisis7. 以以ics结尾的学科名称：结尾的学科名称：physics, mathematics, 以以-s 结尾

10、的疾病名称：结尾的疾病名称：arthritis (关节炎），关节炎），diabetes （糖尿病）糖尿病），bronchitis(支气管炎）支气管炎） 单一政治实体：单一政治实体：the United States；The United Nations 等等作主语时作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。e.g. Arthritis _a disease causing pain and swelling in the joints of the body. Physics_an important subject in middle schools. isis8. 表示时间、距离、金钱、

11、等复数名词作主语，表达表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。一个整体概念时。 e.g.Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. is1. 由由and /bothand连接的并列主语连接的并列主语 2. 有有生命生命的集体名词的集体名词people , police, cattle, vermin(害害虫）虫）, poultry（家禽）（家禽） 等作主语。等作主语。 The police _looking for the missing child.3. 由山脉由山脉(The Himalayas)、群岛、瀑布、群

12、岛、瀑布(The Niagara Falls) 、运动会等、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。结尾的专有名词作主语。 The Olympic Games _ held once every four years. 5. a number of/ a group of +名词作主语。名词作主语。 areare6. 由两个部分组成的名词，以由两个部分组成的名词，以-s 结尾，结尾，scissors，glasses, trousers 谓语动词必须用复数，但这谓语动词必须用复数，但这些名词前若出现些名词前若出现 a pair of,谓语一般用单数。谓语一般用单数。e.g. One pair of s

13、cissors _ enough. 7. 这些以这些以-s结尾的名词：结尾的名词：goods, clothes, arms（武器）（武器）, fireworks , stairs（楼梯）（楼梯）, wages 做主语，谓语动词用复数。做主语，谓语动词用复数。 is1. 集体名词集体名词class, family, army, team, club, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。员用复数。 His fa

14、mily _ a great one. His family _ music lovers. 2. means, works, pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。 The steel works _ near the station. 3. 作主语，以这些名词本身的作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数单复数而定。而定。 4. all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，根据等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。其指代的内容而定。 All are present . All the food tastes good. 5. 作主语作主语:谓语动词要

15、和谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持之后的名词单复数保持一致。一致。 例：例： The rest of the bikes today. 剩下的自行车今天特价出售。剩下的自行车今天特价出售。 60% of the apple eaten by the little boy. 这个苹果的这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。都被这个小男孩吃了。are on salewas考点一：主语中有考点一：主语中有all, half, most, the rest等等, 以及以及 “分数或百分数分数或百分数+名词名词”做主语时，谓语动词单复做主语时，谓语动词单复 数取决于连用的名词。数取决于连用的名词。

16、 Here the bus 公共汽车来了。公共汽车来了。 Here a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。给你一支钢笔和几张纸。comesis1.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has beenD2.Mary is one of those people who pets.玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。raise强化练习强化练习3

17、.A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：解析：a poet and artista poet and artist指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。 答案：答案：A4.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon

18、 in winter. A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going 解析：解析：主语仍为主语仍为the fatherthe father，单数形式；，单数形式；as well as his three as well as his three children children作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。 答案：答案：C 5._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A.Two fifth；is B.Two fifth；are C.Two

19、 fifths；is D.Two fifths；are 解析：解析：表示分数时，分子大于一，分母表示分数时，分子大于一，分母( (序数词形式序数词形式) )加加s s；主语；主语 为为landland，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。 答案：答案：C6.Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear. A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used 解析：解析：every possible mea

20、nsevery possible means每一种可行的方式；每一种可行的方式；meansmeans单复数单复数 同形，此句中为单数；表示同形，此句中为单数；表示“每种办法都用过了每种办法都用过了”，用现在完成，用现在完成时的被动语态。时的被动语态。 答案：答案：C 7.As a result of destroying the forests，a large _ of desert _ covered the land. A.number；has B.quantity；has C.number；have D.quantity；have 解析：解析：a large number of a la

21、rge number of 不修饰不可数名词；不修饰不可数名词；a large a large quantity of quantity of不可数名词，谓语用单数。不可数名词，谓语用单数。 答案：答案：B8.He is the only one of the students who _ the winner of scholarship for three years. A.is B.are C.have been D.has been 解析：解析：有有the onlythe only修饰先行词，其后的定语从句中谓语用单数。修饰先行词，其后的定语从句中谓语用单数。 答案：答案：D 9.Th

22、e population of China _ over 1.3 billion and eighty percent of its population _ peasants. A.is；are B.are；is C.is；is D.are；are 解析：解析：populationpopulation表示表示“人口人口”。当表示人口数为多少时谓语。当表示人口数为多少时谓语动词用单数，如果有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语用复数。动词用单数，如果有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语用复数。 答案：答案：A10.Grey as well as his two companions _ leave _ Paris

23、tomorrow. A.are to；for B.is to；for C.is to；to D.are to；to 解析：解析：句中主语是句中主语是GreyGrey，单数，故谓语也用单数；，单数，故谓语也用单数；leave for leave for sp. sp.，动身去某地。，动身去某地。 答案：答案：B 11.Either your parents or your elder brother _ to attend the meeting tomorrow afternoon. A.are B.have C.is D.had 解析：解析：either.or.either.or.遵循就近一

24、致的原则，因遵循就近一致的原则，因your elder your elder brother brother为单数，句中谓语也用单数。为单数，句中谓语也用单数。 答案：答案：C12.30% of the cattle _ thin，but the rest _ fat. A.are；are B.is；is C.is；are D.are；is 解析：解析：句中主语分别为句中主语分别为the cattle/the rest of the the cattle/the rest of the cattle cattle，即，即“牛牛/ /余下的牛余下的牛”，是可数名词复数，故谓语用复数。，是可数名词复数，故谓语用复数。 答案：答案：A 13.The writer and actor _ invited to give us a report on plays in China. A.were B.have been C.was D.has 解析：解析：the writer and actorthe writer and actor指一个人指一个人( (既是作家也是演员既是作家也是演员) )， 谓语动词应为单数。谓语动词应为单数。 答案：答案：C Good-bye!