完整版高中英语阅读理解解题技巧课件.ppt

1、高中英语阅读理解高中英语阅读理解解题技巧解题技巧在英语试卷中，阅读理解在高考测试中占据的分量越来越重。高考英语试题中有四篇阅读理解，每个选项占2分，其它选项的分值没有超过阅读理解的。由此我们可以看出英语高考试题中阅读理解所占的比重很大。常常听到不少同学在考试之后抱怨：时间不够用，文章看不懂，题目做不对等等。但是如果对高中英语阅读理解的题型和解题掌握一些技巧，会对同学做阅读理解题能有所帮助。一、高考试卷中常见题一、高考试卷中常见题型的特点及解题要点型的特点及解题要点1. 细节判断题以原文中某一句话或某一个短语为入手点，考查学生对细节的理解。这类题主要考查考生对英语文章事实细节的掌握情况。很多同学

2、在做这种题目时比较喜欢在选项中寻找原文中的句子。其答案几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对照，就能找到答案; 做这类题目时，应关注选项和原句的细微差别，选择与原文意思和所问问题都相符的答案。2. 单词释义或句意解释题单词释义或句意解释题这类题主要考查考生对英语文章中生词的解释意义、代词的指代意义及短语或句子的含义。其常见的提问方式有：What does the word / phrase in Paragraph mean? 要求考生以上下文内容为参考，尝试理解文中出现的生词、短语或句子。这类题目的解题关键在于其上下文，因为在考查点前后出现的内容往往是对这个词的解

3、释、说明、举例等。如 .如：Researcher from the University of Michign reported that empathy , the bility to understand other people,among college students had sharply over the past 10 years.What does the underlined word empathy in Paragraph 1 mean? key: It means the bility to understand other people同感又如：When thin

4、gs are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I cant achieve something. Then, there areother distractions,such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate.由前面的other 可知distractions 是与第一句基本相同的意思，第一句话表达的就是让人注意力分散的事情，下文又提到家庭、爱好，同时提到关键在于集中注意力。结合上下文可知 distractions 意为activities that turn on

5、es attention away。3. 主旨大意题主旨大意题这类题主要考查考生对文章中心思想、段落大意的归纳、总结及概括能力。如果是考查整篇文章的主旨大意，可以把文中每段的首句串起来考虑。若是仅考查某一段落的中心思想，则可将该段的首、尾句综合起来考虑。其提问的方式常有：The title of this passage should beWhich this passage should beWhat is the main idea of this passage?What does the writer mainly tell us in this passage?4. 标题选择题标题的

6、选择要遵循“精、准、全”三原则。“精”是指要用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心；“准”是指标题的选择要注意文章的外延和内涵，不能扩大或缩小文章的内容；“全”是指标题的选择应该排除掉那些片面的选项，而正确地选取能包含文章的主要内容及作者要表达的观点的选项。5. 推理判断题题目中常含有infer, conclude, know/learn from the passage ，imply 等类似的词。这类题目的选项特点是：第一，有些错误的干扰选项只是对原文的简单重复，而非推断出来的结论； 第二，有些选项根据我们已有的常识是正确的，但却不是基于文章；第三，一些选项因果倒置，看似从原文中推导出来的结论，实际却

7、与原文不符。推理判断题是阅读理解中最难的一类问题。 我们必须以原文为依据去合理推测才能找到合适的答案。遇到一些很难在原文中找到明确的解题线索的题目，可以根据词句隐含的意义和作者的语气去分析推导答案。?6. 作者的观点、态度题这类题主要考查考生对作者在文章中所表露出来的观点、感情、态度、目的、意图的理解。考生要能够从文章的用词、语气或对某个细节的陈述来推断作者的态度、观点等。其提问的常见方式有：?What is the opinion of the writer in this passage?What is the writers attitude towards?What does the

8、writer think?What is the purpose of the writer in this passage?这类题的解题的关键是这类题的解题的关键是:?要看作者在文中用了什么样的口气。若用褒义词，显然是赞成；若用贬义词，显然是反对；若客观陈述，则是中性的立场，不偏不倚。因此，同学们在做这种题目时，应注意其中所使用的一些形容词，另外，我们可以寻找文中的转折词，一般转折词后面的文段表明了作者的观点。如：?Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However , whether you are on t

9、he mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water.?文中however, eat up 等词的使用，说明了作者对高尔夫等运动持反对态度，而更倾向于有利于环保的运动方式。二、对平时的训练

10、建议?1. 抓好限时训练通过限时训练可以有计划、循序渐进地提高自己的阅读速度。做阅读理解训练时，尝试在原文中划出答案出处，这能帮助我们在阅读时以文章为依据，而不凭空猜想。2. 养成良好的阅读习惯?学生在平时训练时要养成良好的阅读习惯。首先要避免“指读”。很多学生喜欢用手或笔指着文字读，这种阅读习惯容易使思维停留在手指着的局部单词上，会阻碍对中心思想的理解。而且这种方法比默读慢得多，会影响阅读的速度。其次要避免出声阅读。嘴唇随着文字而蠕动或发出细小的声音都会大大地影响阅读速度。还要避免过多地停顿回读。在阅读过程中由于对某个词语或句子不太明白，眼睛过多地重复同一个词语或句子，这样既影响阅读速度，又

11、影响对文章的连贯理解和较好地获取中心意思，而且易使眼睛和大脑疲劳。3. 掌握适当的阅读技巧?常见的阅读方法有三种：（1）先文后题。即先把全文读懂，然后做题。这种方法的缺点是阅读的目的性不明确，记住的细节内容未必有用，有用的内容未必记住。答题时仍需到短文中去寻找，实际上等于降低了读速，降低了效率。（2）先题后文?即先读问题，然后带着问题读文章。这种方法的优点是目的明确，在阅读时有所侧重，能节省时间。该法比较适合类似广告性质的阅读理解题。缺点在于由于没有读过短文，不了解文章的主题、细节分布情况，因而不可能很快找到所需信息，有时很有可能断章取义，不利于做推理题和主旨大意题。（3）文题文。?即先快速通

12、读全文，对文章形成总体印象，了解全文的题材、主要结构、中心思想、主题段、主题句，然后读问题，明白该文章的考查点，最后，再带着问题跳读文章，寻找与答题内容有关的词句，这样既提高了做题的准确性，又能有效地利用时间。因此，文题文阅读理解方法是多数人采用的，可提高阅读速度的有效方法。4. 积累文化背景知识?英语阅读能力的提高不仅需要一定的语言知识，还要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识。这就需要我们通过大量的阅读来积累。我们要拓展知识面，注意社会热点。我们了解的东西越多，知识面越宽，对文章的理解就越容易。5. 注重长难句的理解?近几年的高考阅读理解题十分注重借助复杂语境考查考生对语言语法知识综合运用的能力

13、。所选阅读材料中常有大量复杂单句和复合句，以此来增强句子结构的复杂性和语境理解难度。所以，理解长句、复杂句成了考生顺利理解阅读材料，提高阅读速度的关键。一般地说，造成长难句的原因主要有三个方面?（1）修饰语过多；（2）并列成份多；（3）语言结构层次多。在分析长难句时应采用“ 先缩后扩先缩后扩”的方法。先缩，即首先找出句子的主语、谓语、宾语，这样就抓住了句子的主干，也就从整体上把握了句子的结构。后扩，分析句子主干以外的从句或短语的功能以及和主干的相互关系。例如：非谓语动词的成分是什么，其逻辑主语是哪个，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个，介词短语修饰哪个词，and 连接的是哪些并列成分等等。如：?T

14、he managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. ?A. carry out B. carrying outC. carried out D. to carry out?The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year. ?The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the

15、next year. 请记住?英语有句谚语Practice makes perfect， 同学们如果能科学训练，持之以恒，阅读水平就会有质的飞跃。阅读理解例题阅读理解例题?When Christopher Columbus landed on the then unnamed Costa Rica in 1502, he saw many Indians wearing gold earrings. So he thought the land must be rich in gold. He named the place Costa Rica, which means “rich coas

16、t” in Spanish.阅读理解例题?Though little gold was found, Costa Rica today is indeed rich with coffee and bananas. Coffee is the most important product in Costa Rica and most of it is exported ( 出口) to other countries like America and West Germany. Bananas are the countrys second most important export.Cost

17、a Ricans also grow many other crops such as fruits, corn and beans for their own use. Costa Ricans love colors and their houses are painted in bright colors.阅读理解例题?Education is very important to the Costa Ricans. Almost every village has a school and education is a must for children between seven an

18、d fourteen years of age. Boys and girls go to separate (单独的) schools. Classes begin in March and end in November. The other three months of the year are harvest time and the children have to help their parents to pick coffee beans.?1.Whats the main idea of the first paragraph?A. How Columbus found C

19、osta Rica.B. How Costa Rica got its name.C. What the Costa Ricans wore. D. What language the Costa Ricans spoke.2.The Costa Ricans may NOT paint their houses _.A. pink and red B. grey and blackC. blue and green D. yellow and orangeBB?3.In Costa Rica, boys and girls between seven and fourteen _.A. mu

20、st go to schoolB. study in the same schoolC. do not have to go to school at allD. can choose to stop schooling at any time4.From December to February, school children in Costa Rica _.A. have lessons every dayB. have their examinationsC. help their parents pick coffee beansD. help their parents decor

21、ate their houses5.This passage is mainly about _.A. Christopher Columbus ?B. Costa Rica C. some products from Costa Rica D. the education of Costa RicaACB阅读理解例题?Norm Pethrick, a 36-year- old man in Australias northern city Darwin, was praised on Thursday for jumping onto a crocodiles back to save hi

22、s wife Wendy at Litchfield National Park, a popular tourist spot southwest of Darwin, a local newspaper reported.Ms Pethrick was standing on a river bank one Wednesday afternoon when the saltwater crocodile lunged ( 扑), locking its jaws on both her legs as it tried to drag her underwater.Norm Pethri

23、ck, who with his wife had been collecting water, immediately went to help her. He jumped onto the back, poked ( 戳) the eyes of the crocodile and finally got his wife free.阅读理解例题Ms Pethrick was later taken to Royal Darwin Hospital for a medical treatment. The doctors said she was suffering eight punc

24、ture wounds (伤口) in her right leg, a puncture wound in her left leg and a serious cut to one of her fingers.“This could have been a fatal and tragic situation,” said the general manager of Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH), Dr Len Notaras, according to a local report.阅读理解例题?He said Ms Pethrick was saved b

25、y her husbands “quick and diligent actions”.Dr Notaras also said she would remain in hospital for three to four days and have an operation to clean the wounds, which are easy to get infected because of bacteria (细菌) on the teeth of the crocodile.?1. This passage is most likely to be found in _.A. a

26、travel guide B. a newspaper C. a textbook D. a novel2. The crocodile attacked Ms Pethrick when she was _.A. swimming in the river B. standing on the river bankC. watching the crocodile D. fishing in the waterBB?3. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Ms Pethrick?A. Her eyes were badly pok

27、ed. B. She had eight wounds altogether.C. One of her fingers also got hurt. D. One of the crocodiles teeth was found in her leg.4. According to the passage, Norm Pethrick can be described as following EXCEPT _.A. brave B. diligent C. quick D. humorousCD?5. Which of the following would be the best ti

28、tle for this passage?A. The husband should save the wifeB. A man saves wifes life from crocodiles jawsC. A crocodile is not so dangerous as people imagineD. Human beings can beat crocodiles sometimesB阅读理解例题阅读理解例题?There are many ways to find a job. It can be as easy as walking into a neighborhood sto

29、re to look at its announcement board. Local stores often have areas where people can put small signs telling what kind of service they need or can provide. Such services include caring for children or cleaning houses.Or, job searchers can look in the newspaper. Local newspapers have employment annou

30、ncements placed by companies seeking workers.阅读理解例题?Another popular tool for finding jobs is the Internet. For example, people in four hundred and fifty cities around the world can use the Craigslist Web site to buy objects, meet people or find a job. Craigslist says that it receives two million new

31、 job listings each month.Another useful way to find a job is through a college or university. For example, students at the University of Texas in Austin can go to the Career Exploration Center to get help in finding a job. Of course, looking for a job requires knowing what kind of work you want to d

32、o. For example, there is a book called “What Color is Your Parachute ( 降落伞降落伞)?” by Richard Bolles. This book has been helping people choose a career ( 职业) since it was first published in nineteen seventy.阅读理解例题?Some experts also help people find jobs. Susan W. Miller owns a company called Californi

33、a Career Services in Los Angeles. She says her company helps people find jobs by first helping them understand their strengths, goals and interests. Then she provides them with methods and resources to help them find the right job.阅读理解例题?1. What is the passage mainly about?A. Finding a job. B. Colle

34、ge students part-time jobs.C. Craigslist Web site. D. The relation between study and work.2. By logging on the Craigslist Web site, you can _.（log on the Web site登录网站）A. sell your old thingsB. do some shopping onlineC. create your own announcement boardD. get useful information about 450 citiesBA?3.

35、 “What Color is Your Parachute?” is a book which gives tips to those who want to _.A. work on the airplane B. buy a parachuteC. publish a book D. find a suitable job4. It can be learned from the passage that_.A. companies often put job information in local shopsB. the Internet is the most popular to

36、ol for job hunters in the USAC. Susan W. Millers company is helping people choose careersD. California Career Services mainly serves university students5. How many ways of finding a job are mentioned in the passage?A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.CCD阅读理解例题?Teaching materials for learning Chinese

37、are provided here. There are sites where you may find interesting instructions suitable for you. Here are some sites to begin your surfing.You may start with these pages from this website just to get a little taste of it without working too hard. A Is For LoveFlash cards for learning a few Chinese w

38、ords Listening to the sound of ChinesePlay a few words of Chinese on your computer.阅读理解例题? A few Chinese wordsEach word is enlarged for easy study.If you are studying Chinese, these tools can help. Zhongwen siteMore than a dictionary! Clavis SinicaExcellent program by Professor David Porter. It disp

39、lays a whole document in Chinese GB or BIG5, and gives individual words definition, pronunciation as well as much more information when you click on that word. If you are studying Chinese, this is a very useful tool. 既国标的汉语拼音缩写，为既国标的汉语拼音缩写，为中华人民共和国国家标准的意思Big5 码是在台湾和香港等地广为使用的计算机汉字编码方案，使用的是繁体。阅读理解例题?

40、Chinese Character Visual DictionaryIf you like to know more, go to the following sites on the Internet. The Chinese OutpostPronunciation, Character and Grammar By Mark Andrew Baker. The best. A must-visit site. Learn Cantonese / Mandarin Online Internet Based Chinese Teaching and Learning Rainland K

41、ids discover Chinese Site is in GermanyIf you want to have a better understanding of China, go to this one. Wanfang Data阅读理解例题?As an affiliate (分支) of Chinese Ministry of Science & Technology, Wanfang Data has been the leading information provider in China since 1950s. With a wide range of database

42、resources and value-added services, Wanfang Data has become a gateway to understanding Chinese culture, medicine, business, science, etc.?1. The underlined lines are probably some _.A. books B. websites C. tips for learning ChineseD. dictionaries for learning Chinese2. This passage is most probably

43、from _.A. a TV programme B. a teachers lectureC. a newspaper D. the InternetBD阅读理解例题?3. If you want to know each Chinese characters definition, pronunciation and much more information, youd better surf _.A. Zhongwen site B. A Is For LoveC. Clavis Sinica D. A few Chinese words4. If you want to know C

44、hina about its culture, medicine, business, science, youd better surf _.A. Learn Mandarin onlineB. Wanfang DataC. Rainland kids discover ChineseD. The Chinese OutpostBC阅读理解例题?5. The underlined word “gateway” in the last paragraph probably refers to _.A. an opening in a wall that can be closed by a g

45、ateB. a place through which you can go to another place C. the space when a door is open D. a means of getting or achieving somethingD阅读理解例题?English is the most widely used language in the history of our planet. One in every seven human beings can speak it. More than half of the worlds books and thr

46、ee quarters of international mail are in English. Of all languages, English has the largest vocabulary perhaps as many as two million words.However, lets face it: English is a crazy language. There is no egg in an eggplant, neither pine nor apple in a pineapple and no ham in a hamburger. Sweet-meats

47、 are candy, while sweetbreads,（小牛或小羊的胰脏或胸腺 ）which arent sweet, are meat.阅读理解例题?We take English for granted. But when we explore its paradoxes (探讨它的矛盾),we find that quicksand （流沙 ）can work slowly, boxing rings are square, public bathrooms have no baths in them.And why is it that a writer writes, but

48、fingers dont fing, grocers dont groce, and hammers dont ham? If the plural of tooth is teeth, shouldnt the plural of booth货摊be beeth? One goose, two geese so one moose驼鹿；麋 复数 moose , two meese?阅读理解例题?How can a slim chance希望渺茫；很少可能and a fat chance希望渺茫；很少可能be the same, while a wise man and a wise guy自

49、作聪明的人are opposites? How can overlook忽略and oversee监督be opposites, while quite a lot and quite a few are alike? How can the weather be hot as hell one day and cold as hell the next?English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects 反映反映the creativity of human beings. Thats why, when stars

50、are out, they are visible 能看见的能看见的; but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And why, when I wind up my watch, I start it; but when I wind upthis essay, I end it.阅读理解例题?1. According to the passage _.A. sweet-meats and sweetbreads are different thingsB. there should be egg in an eggplantC. pi