马克思英文介绍课件.ppt

1、EINE ANALYSE DES SOZIALISMUSKARL HEINRICH MARX:AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIALISMSIE SIND ENTSETZT BER UNSERE ZU TUN BEABSICHTIGT ENTFERNT MIT PRIVATEM EIGENTUM. ABER IN DER BESTEHENDEN GESELLSCHAFT, PRIVATEIGENTUM IST BEREITS F R NEUN ZEHNTEL DER BEV LKERUNG; DIE EXISTENZ DER WENIGEN AUSSCHLIE LICH AUFGRUND

2、IHRER NICHT-EXISTENZ IN DEN H NDEN DER NEUN-ZEHNTEL. SIE WERFEN UNS DESHALB, MIT ABSICHT, EINE FORM VON EIGENTUM, DIE NOTWENDIGE VORAUSSETZUNG F R DEREN EXISTENZ IST DIE NICHT-EXISTENZ VON EIGENTUM F R DIE BERWIEGENDE MEHRHEIT DER GESELLSCHAFT.“Karl Marx The Communist Manifesto“YOU ARE HORRIFIED AT

3、OUR INTENDING TO DO AWAY WITH PRIVATE PROPERTY. BUT IN YOUR EXISTING SOCIETY, PRIVATE PROPERTY IS ALREADY DONE AWAY WITH FOR NINE-TENTHS OF THE POPULATION; ITS EXISTENCE FOR THE FEW IS SOLELY DUE TO ITS NON-EXISTENCE IN THE HANDS OF THOSE NINE-TENTHS. YOU REPROACH US, THEREFORE, WITH INTENDING TO DO

4、 AWAY WITH A FORM OF PROPERTY, THE NECESSARY CONDITION FOR WHOSE EXISTENCE IS THE NON-EXISTENCE OF ANY PROPERTY FOR THE IMMENSE MAJORITY OF SOCIETY.”Karl Marx The Communist ManifestoKarl Heinrich Marx was a 19th century German philosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociolog

5、ist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist, whose ideas played a significant role in the development of social science and the socialist political movement. Marx was born May 5, 1818 in Trier, Germany which is located in the southwest of Germany near Luxemburg. Trier is the oldest city in Germany

6、founded in or before 16 BC and is ranked fourth among the largest cities. Karl Marxs father; Herschel Marx, was born Ashkenazi Jewish, converted from Judaism to the Protestant Christian denomination of Lutheranism to continue practicing law after a Prussian order denied Jews the bar. Karl Marx was p

7、rivately educated until 1830, when he was enrolled in the Trier High School where he studied philosophy and social science. The school was raided in 1832 by police because of the liberal humanist views taught to the students in angst of the Prussian government. Like his father Karl Marx pursued the

8、study of law. Marx enrolled at the University of Bonn. While at Bonn, Marxs studies were diluted by his frolicking and irresponsible lifestyle. Marx accrued a great deal of debt and was injured in a duel. Heinrich Marx paid off his sons debts and insisted on his enrollment at Berlin University. At t

9、he more conservative University of Berlin, Karl Marxs studies improved dramatically. It was at the Berlin University that he was introduced to the philosophical writings of G. W. F. Hegel by Bruno Bauer, a outspoken atheist and political radical. Marx later becoming involved with a group of radical

10、thinkers the Young Hegelians. .the United States from 1820 to 1870 propagated as a consequence of two major reformations: the Second Great Awakening, resembling the religious movement of Great Awakening in the eighteenth century and the natural goodness of man; defined as transcendentalism. Religion

11、 was probably the foremost motivating influence behind shaping the method of American perception. Because of immigration, the boom-and-bust cycles of market economy, rising inequality, the increase of western settlement, and territorial expansion in the United States, Americans had difficulty keepin

12、g up with changes that were perceived as outside of ones control. Social reform movements such as temperance, reform of penitentiaries and asylums, antimasonry, abolition and womens rights were the results of a period of religious renewal in the United States after the War of 1812. Marx and Engel me

13、t in Paris in 1844. They discovered that they shared similar views of philosophy and socialism. As Engels wrote after their first meeting “complete agreement in all theoretical fields.” Die Heilige Familie was written with Friedrich Engels as a critique on the Young Hegelians and their school of tho

14、ught. Marxs publisher suggested the title of the book, The Holy Family, as a satirical reference to the Bauer Brothers. “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.Freemen and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guildmaster and journeyman, in a word, opp

15、ressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contended classes.” CAPITALIST PRODUCTION, THEREFORE, D

16、EVELOPS TECHNOLOGY, AND THE COMBINING TOGETHER OF VARIOUS PROCESSES INTO A SOCIAL WHOLE, ONLY BY SAPPING THE ORIGINAL SOURCES OF ALL WEALTH - THE SOIL AND THE LABOURER.” KARL MARXMarx considered that socio-economic conflicts have historically developed in stages: Primitive Communism Slave Feudalism

17、Capitalism Socialism Communism“Capitalism, like previous socioeconomic systems, would unavoidably produce internal tensions which would lead to its destruction. Just as capitalism replaced feudalism, Marx believed socialism would, in its turn, replace capitalism, and lead to a stateless, classless s

18、ociety called pure communism. This would emerge after a transitional period called the dictatorship of the proletariat: a period sometimes referred to as the workers state or workers democracy“”MARXISMVarious states around the globe have modeled Marxism as a base for their own politics and policies

19、after Marxs death in 1883. In the 20th century the following countries had developed governments based on Marxs theories of economic and sociopolitical worldview:Peoples Republic of ChinaAlbaniaCubaRussiaThe USSR and its republicsVenezuelaNicaraguaPolandEast GermanyAfghanistanNepalNorth KoreaEthiopi

20、aGrenadaLaosRepublic of CongoAngolaYugoslaviaREFERENCE LIST Marx and Engels “The Communist Manifesito (Book)” New York: Appleton Century - Crofts, 1955Wikipedia, “Karl Marx” last accessed 02 MAY 2012Wolff, Jonathan, Karl Marx, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy” First published Tue 26 Aug 2003;

21、 substantive revision Mon 14 Jun 2010.Karl Marx: Introduction to A Contribution to the Critique of Hegels Philosophy of Right, in: Deutsch-Franzosische Jahrbucher, February 1844Wheen, Francis. Marxs Das Kapital, (Atlantic Books, 2006)Norton, Mary Beth. “A People And A Nation A History Of The United States Volume One To 1877 Sixth Edition (Book).” Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001