高考语法复习冠词课件.pptx

1、高考语法复习冠词语法填空（高考真题）语法填空（高考真题）1.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years.(2018全国卷全国卷II）2.Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs. (2018全全国卷国卷III）3.As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for (2017全国卷全国卷I）4

2、.This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over 64 top. (2017全国卷全国卷II）5.Instead, she is earning 6,500 a day as 62 model in New York. (2017全国卷全国卷III）1.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62the past 25 years.(2018全国卷全国卷II）2.Unexpectedly, Im face

3、-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62the/its top of her lungs. (2018全国卷全国卷III）3.As 65 a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for (2017全国卷全国卷I）4.This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over 64the top. (2017全国卷全国卷II）5.Instead,

4、she is earning 6,500 a day as 62a model in New York. (2017全国卷全国卷III）改错（高考真题）改错（高考真题）1.During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside the with my father to visit my grandparents.(2018全国卷全国卷I）2. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but(2018全国卷全国卷II) a3.I had done myself homework but I was shy.

5、(2018全国卷全国卷III) my/the4. I still remember how hard first day was. (2017全国卷全国卷I） the/my5. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. (2017全国卷全国卷II） an6. Around me in picture are the things that were very the/thisimportant in my life at that time.

6、 (2017全国卷全国卷III）1.During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.(2018全国卷全国卷I）2.As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but(2018全国全国卷卷II)3.I had done myself homework but I was shy.(2018全国全国卷卷III)4.I still remember how hard first day was. (2017全国卷全国卷I）5.Th

7、ey live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. (2017全国卷全国卷II）6.Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time. (2017全国卷全国卷III）一、名词的种类专有名词专有名词普通名词普通名词国名、地国名、地名、人名、名、人名、团体机构团体机构名称名称可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词个体名词个体名词 集体名词集体名

8、词 抽象名词抽象名词 物质名词物质名词一一、冠词的泛指、特指和类指、冠词的泛指、特指和类指 泛指泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。用不定冠词是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。用不定冠词a/an。 特指特指是指上文已经提到的人或事物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其是指上文已经提到的人或事物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或事物，也可以指说话双方所默认的特定的人或后加以限定的人或事物，也可以指说话双方所默认的特定的人或事物。用定冠词事物。用定冠词 the。 类指类指是指具有共同性质或典型特征的事物的一个类别。可以用零是指具有共同性质或典型特征的事物的一个类别。可以用零冠词、不定冠词或定冠词。

9、冠词、不定冠词或定冠词。二二:冠词的泛指和特指用法冠词的泛指和特指用法:单数可单数可数名词数名词一定要一定要用冠词用冠词a/ anthe泛指单一泛指单一,每一每一,任一事物任一事物指类别指类别特指特指上文提到过的人或事物上文提到过的人或事物被限制性修饰语所限度的人或事物被限制性修饰语所限度的人或事物说话双方默认的人或事物说话双方默认的人或事物世上独一无二的事物世上独一无二的事物指类别指类别复数可复数可数名词数名词和不可和不可数名词数名词the特特指指上文提到的人或事物上文提到的人或事物 被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物说话双方默认的人或事物说话双方默认的人或事物零冠

10、词零冠词泛指的人或事物泛指的人或事物指类别指类别Grammar Rules一一. 不定冠词不定冠词 a / an1)泛指人、事或物的类别泛指人、事或物的类别。（类别代表）。（类别代表）2)泛指某人或某事物泛指某人或某事物.3)表示表示one或或every,但概念上没有它们那样强烈但概念上没有它们那样强烈.4)用于某些固定词组中用于某些固定词组中.A horse runs faster than a sheep.An old man is sitting on the chair.Every elephant has a long nose.a few, a bit , a lot of, at

11、 a time5)用在某些抽象名词前用在某些抽象名词前,表示表示 “一种一种,一类一类,一份一份,一场一场,一阵一阵She was caught in a heavy rain.It was a wonderful tea.That is a great disappointment.二定冠词二定冠词1)表示某一或某些特定的上下文中提到的人或物表示某一或某些特定的上下文中提到的人或物2)指说话人和听话人都知道的人或事物指说话人和听话人都知道的人或事物.The boys in this school wear blue skirts.There is a book on the desk. Th

12、e book is Johns.Close the door, please.3)用于表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词之前用于表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词之前.4)用于表示方位的名词之前用于表示方位的名词之前the sun, the moon, the earth, the world, the skythe east, the southeast, the right, the left5)用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前,以及以及对两对两人或物进人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前行比较时起特定作用的比较级前.the first, the second, the

13、 tallest, the most important, the taller of the two boys6)用于形容词或过去分词之前用于形容词或过去分词之前,使其名词化使其名词化,表示一类人表示一类人.7)用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前,表示国家表示国家,党派党派,组织机构组织机构,报刊报刊,条约条约,朝代朝代,江江,河河,湖湖,海海,山川山川,群岛群岛.8)用于复数姓氏之前用于复数姓氏之前,表示表示 “夫妇夫妇” 或或 “全家全家”the rich, the poor, the woundedthe Yellow River, the Tang Dy

14、nastythe Smiths9)用于单数可数名词前用于单数可数名词前,表示某一类人或物表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.10)用于演奏的乐器前用于演奏的乐器前.11)用于世纪的某个年代前用于世纪的某个年代前12.用于表示发明物的名词前用于表示发明物的名词前.Do you like playing the violin?in the 1920sWho invented the telephone?13)用于某些表示国家和民族的形容词前用于某些表示国家和民族的形容词前,泛指全体泛指全体,这些这些词常以词常以-sh, -ch, -ese结尾结尾.the En

15、glish, the French, the Chinese14)在和介词在和介词by连用的表示时间、长度、重量的名词前连用的表示时间、长度、重量的名词前加加the, 表表示示“按按计算计算”. by the month, by the yard, by the dozen, by the gallon 注注意意:在和介词在和介词by连用的连用的weight, length前不加前不加the.例如例如: These cigarettes are sold by weight. Cloth is often sold by length.15)用于某些习惯用语中用于某些习惯用语中They sol

16、d eggs by the dozen.They were paid by the hour.on the other hand, in the daytime1)表示总称的复数名词前表泛指表示总称的复数名词前表泛指2)表示语表示语言的言的名词前名词前3)可数名词前有物主代可数名词前有物主代词、指词、指示代示代词、不词、不定代定代词、词、名词所有格等修饰限定名词所有格等修饰限定时。时。一个名词只能有一个限定词一个名词只能有一个限定词。Children love games.We are studying English/ the English language.This book is ve

17、ry cheap.Is that Mr Wangs dictionary?4)不含普通名词的专有名词前不含普通名词的专有名词前但有限制性但有限制性,描绘性定语修饰时描绘性定语修饰时,可用定冠词可用定冠词;当表当表示示 “像像那样的人或事物那样的人或事物”, “一个名叫一个名叫的人的人”时时,用不定冠词用不定冠词5)由普通名词构成的专有名词多数要加由普通名词构成的专有名词多数要加 “the”，但也有一，但也有一些不用些不用China, Beijing, MaryThe England of those years was an England in turmoil.(动乱）动乱）“Hurry u

18、p!” said the anxious Tom. He wishes to be an Edison. A Mr White came to see you this morning.the Peoples park, the Great Wall, Tian An Men Square, Nanjing Road, Beijing University, Bei Hai Park, 6)不可数名词（物不可数名词（物质名词质名词，抽，抽象名象名词）前词）前常不用冠词常不用冠词但这些词被限定时但这些词被限定时,要用定冠词要用定冠词; 当表示个当表示个体事体事物或者物或者说说”一种一种,一场一场

19、, 一份一份.” 等的意等的意思思时前时前面加不定冠面加不定冠词。词。Knowledge begins with practice.Water boils at 100 C.The milk in the bottle has gone bad.Do you want a coffee?What do you think of the work?He has a good knowledge of English.7)季节季节,月份月份,星期星期,节假日前一般不用冠词节假日前一般不用冠词但季节等被限定性定语修饰时用定冠词但季节等被限定性定语修饰时用定冠词;星期前加星期前加不定冠词表示不定冠词表

20、示 “某一个某一个”; 中国民间传统节日前中国民间传统节日前常加定冠词常加定冠词8)一日三餐前不用一日三餐前不用,但前面有描绘性形容词等修饰时但前面有描绘性形容词等修饰时,加不定冠词加不定冠词.spring, June, Monday, New Years Daywomens Day , Childrens Dayin the spring of 1992, a Tuesday in Sept.the Spring FestivalWhat did you have for breakfast?He had a wonderful supper.9.学科学科,球类和棋类运动前不用冠词球类和棋类

21、运动前不用冠词10.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔,职务的名词作表语职务的名词作表语,主语补足语主语补足语,宾语补足语及同位语时不用冠词宾语补足语及同位语时不用冠词11) 当当bike, car, taxi, bus等到与介词连用等到与介词连用, 表示一表示一种交通手段时种交通手段时,不用加冠词不用加冠词.但也可用但也可用in, on等介词与动词搭配等介词与动词搭配, 这时名词前要有修饰语这时名词前要有修饰语.Do you like mathematics?She is fond of playing basketball.What shall I do next, Mo

22、ther?In 1860,Lincoln was elected President of the US.by bus/taxicome in a car, take a bus, on the train12)turn后面的名词不用冠词后面的名词不用冠词13)在在kind of 或或kinds of等到结构中，后面的名词等到结构中，后面的名词一般不用加冠词（但是一般不用加冠词（但是kind前可根据需要加冠词）前可根据需要加冠词）类似的结构还有类似的结构还有sort/sorts of，type/types它们都表示一它们都表示一种或数种事物后面的名词不加冠词种或数种事物后面的名词不加冠词Lat

23、er he turned writer.He likes three kinds of book(s).14)作作 “人类人类” 时时,同同human, mankind一样一样, 不加冠词不加冠词15)在以在以 “普通名词普通名词(或形容词最高级或形容词最高级) + as/though ”开始的让步状语从句中开始的让步状语从句中, 前面不用冠词前面不用冠词16.某些成双成对出现的名词词组里某些成双成对出现的名词词组里,不用冠词不用冠词Man has existed for thousands of years.Child as he is, he knows a lot.Shortest th

24、ough he is, he runs fastest in our class.arm in arm, hand in had, side by side, day and night, young and old 17.在在 go to之后加地点名词之后加地点名词,表示去从事某项活动表示去从事某项活动,不用冠不用冠词词;和介词和介词in连用连用,表示在从事某项活动表示在从事某项活动,也不用冠词也不用冠词. go to school / in school go to hospital / in hospital go to class / in class go to bed / in b

25、ed 注意注意:在以上词组中如果使用冠在以上词组中如果使用冠词，则词，则表示到某个地点表示到某个地点去或在某个地去或在某个地点。例点。例如如: Im going to the hospital to tell Dr. Li something important. -Where is your father? -He is in the school.如何选用不定冠词如何选用不定冠词a, an当紧挨着冠词的第一个音素是当紧挨着冠词的第一个音素是 辅音音素辅音音素 时，用时，用a. 当紧挨着冠词的第一个音素是当紧挨着冠词的第一个音素是 元音音素元音音素 时，用时，用an. 如如: _univer

26、sity; _ useful animal; _ uncle; _ honest boy; _ X-ray; _ 800-meter race aaanananan一、一、1. the; a 2. /; the 3. /; the 4. the; a 5. the; / 6. a; a 7. a; a 8. a; the 9. the 10. a; /; a 二、二、1. climb a tree 2. read books 3. a persons 4. about health 5. a public library 6. an American family 7. see one pro

27、grammer 8. wish you a wonderful time 9. caught sight of 10. rain was a mystery. 11. the same roof 12. a famous mountain 13. a boy 14. a lifetime 15. put out the fire三、三、1. be Picasso be a Picasso 2. for new Fujian for a new Fujian 3. a 8-story an 8-story 4. on head on the head 5. 6. the fifth a fift

28、h 7. at a loss; the word 去掉去掉the 8. 9. at the gym; a elderly lady an elderly lady; on bike on a bike 10. ordered coffee ordered a coffee 11. the cat 去掉去掉the 12. the English 去掉去掉the/ English language the English language我是李华，我校学生会主席。很荣幸邀请您来参加下周五我是李华，我校学生会主席。很荣幸邀请您来参加下周五在我校举行的英语演讲比赛。在我校举行的英语演讲比赛。Im Li

29、 Hua, Chairman of the Student Union. Its an honour for me to invite you to participate in the English Contest to be held in my school next Friday.我写这封信希望您能帮我个忙。我写这封信希望您能帮我个忙。I am writing to ask you to do me a favor.抱歉打搅您，但恐怕我得发起郑重投诉。抱歉打搅您，但恐怕我得发起郑重投诉。I am sorry to trouble you but I am afraid that I

30、have to make a serious complaint.申请人应该具备申请人应该具备以下条件：精通英语。以下条件：精通英语。The applicant is supposed to / is required to have a good knowledge of English.NoticeBoys and girls/My dear classmates,May I have your attention, please? Recently, an outstanding movie will be shown in our campus. Welcome to join us

31、and enjoy it! Here are some relevant details about it.To begin with, the name of the movie is Growing Together, which is about the development of our beloved school. Therefore, it will be not only meaningful but also interesting. Besides, it will be on show in the library from 2:00 to 4:00 in the af

32、ternoon on June 9th . Whats more, everyone of you will be welcome to take part in it, enjoying the movie, having a heated discussion afterwards and giving your own comments.Hopefully, you would make it to our activity. I have the confidence that you will have a great time. The Student Union/ Students Union