高考英语不定式专题复习课件.ppt

1、动词不定式动词不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾宾补补 不定式或不定式短语可起名词，形容词不定式或不定式短语可

2、起名词，形容词和副词的作用，在句中做主语，宾语，表和副词的作用，在句中做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。一，不定式在句中的作用：一，不定式在句中的作用：1、主语：不定式做主语时，可以直接放、主语：不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。在谓语动词之前。eg: To make a new dress takes her a lot or time. Not to get there in time is your fault.注：注：常用常用it做形式主语，将做形式主语，将to do放在位于放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。之后，使句子保持平衡。句型句型1：I

3、t + 谓语谓语 + to doeg: It takes us an hour to get there by bus.句型句型2：Its + n. + to doeg: Its our duty to help the poor.句型句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.注：注：for/of sb to do sth 为不定式复合结构。为不定式复合结构。 1) of引起的复合结构只能做主语。引起的复合结构只能做主语。eg: Its very kind of you to help me.2) for引起的复合结构在句中可做主语，宾语，表引起的复合结构在句中可

4、做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语等。语，定语，状语等。eg: Another method is for them to leave at once. (表语表语) Wed better find some work for the children to do. (定语定语) He put the paper on desk for you to read. (状状语语) What he told her made it impossible for him to go on her work. (宾语宾语) Its common for leaves to fall form the tre

5、es in autumn. (主语主语)2、做表语：主语、做表语：主语+系动词系动词+不定式不定式1). 其主语多为抽象名词其主语多为抽象名词(wish, need)eg: My wish is to be a scientist. The main thing is to keep our room clean.2). 不定式不定式to let, to blame, to seek做表语做表语,主动主动表被动表被动.eg: The house is to let.3). be to do可构成将来时态可构成将来时态,表表 “准备准备/打算打算/计计划划/需要需要”; be是助动词，无词义是助

6、动词，无词义,其主语为具体名其主语为具体名词词(人人/事物事物); to be可用可用be going to或或will/shall代替代替,此时不定式是谓语的一部分此时不定式是谓语的一部分,而不是表语而不是表语.eg: She is to return next week. It was about to leave when it started to rain.3. 做定语做定语: 不定式做定语总是放在它所修饰的名词之后不定式做定语总是放在它所修饰的名词之后,不定式表示的行为通常是未来的行为不定式表示的行为通常是未来的行为,它们常和被修饰的它们常和被修饰的词有动宾关系词有动宾关系,主谓关

7、系和修饰性关系主谓关系和修饰性关系.1). 动宾关系动宾关系: I have a lot of work to do. Give me a piece of paper to write on.2). 主谓关系主谓关系: She is the best person to finish the work. Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboat.3). 修饰性关系修饰性关系(同位同位),它所修饰的词多为抽象名词它所修饰的词多为抽象名词. eg: There is no need for him to come. He

8、 has no time to read the book.4. 做状语做状语:1). 目的状语目的状语: 可放于句首可放于句首,也可放于句末也可放于句末, 前面前面可加可加in order/so as/soas to表强调表强调.eg: He went to see the artist himself. He stopped to have a look. He ran so fast as to get to school in time.2). 结果状语结果状语:主要用在主要用在enough to/tooto/only to结构中。结构中。eg: The question is too

9、 difficult to answer. They worked hard enough to finish their work.3). 原因状语原因状语: 主语主语+系动词系动词+adj.+ to doa). 表表感情的感情的adj.有有: happy, surprised, pleased, glad, sorry, anxious(忧虑忧虑), disappointed, careful, afraid, wrong.eg: Im very sorry to see you. He was afraid to leave him home.b). 说明句中主语在哪个方面存在形容词所表

10、示的说明句中主语在哪个方面存在形容词所表示的情况时情况时,即与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，即与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，主主动表被动动表被动. interesting, difficult, easy, important, possible, expensive, dangerous, useful.eg: The question is easy to answer. He is difficult to teach.5. 做宾语做宾语: 不定式做宾语的情况，一般表示将来的不定式做宾语的情况，一般表示将来的行为行为,这时谓语和不定式的动作都是主语发出的这时谓语和不定式的动作都是主语发

11、出的.1). 下列动词只能按不定式做宾语下列动词只能按不定式做宾语.plan, choose, manage, learn, pretend, agree, decide, refuse.promise, prepare, offer, fail, hope, wish, expect, ask;demand, want, hesitate2). 不定式做动词不定式做动词tell, teach, know, show, find out, discover, see(understand)的宾语时的宾语时,不定不定式前常加连接代词式前常加连接代词who, which, what和连接副词和连接

12、副词how, when, where构成不定式短语做宾语构成不定式短语做宾语.eg: I dont know how to get there.注注: why不能与不定式连用不能与不定式连用.3). begin, start, continue 后接不定式后接不定式,动名词意动名词意思一样思一样. 4). like, love, hate, prefer动名词表经常性的动动名词表经常性的动作，不定式表一次性动作作，不定式表一次性动作.5). remember, forget, regret后动名词表已经做过后动名词表已经做过的动作的动作,不定式表没有做过或将要做的动作不定式表没有做过或将要做的

13、动作.6). stop, try, go on, mean, be afraid, propose 后后两者都可两者都可, 但意义不同但意义不同. propose to do计划计划,打算做打算做 propose doing 建议做建议做7). a). prefer doing to doing prefer to do rather than do b). be used to doing used to do c). its no use doing its useless to do d). be worth doing be worthy of being done be worthy

14、 to be done6. 做宾补做宾补(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系关系)1). 有些动词有些动词(短语短语)必须接必须接to的不定式做宾补的不定式做宾补talk, ask, warn, want, allow, permit, order, advise, force, beg, cause, encourage, invite, persuade, get, require, prefer, call, leave, expect, use(allow/permit/advise doing sth)2). 与表示说话或心理状态的动词与表示

15、说话或心理状态的动词say, report, believe, suppose, think, understand, consider等的被动语等的被动语态连用态连用.eg: He is said to have written a new book about workers.3). 与表示希望，期望，意愿的动词与表示希望，期望，意愿的动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, think, want, wish的过去时态连的过去时态连用，表曾经打算设想做却没做的事用，表曾经打算设想做却没做的事.eg: They expected to have gone to

16、 the match, but the tickets were all sold. They had expected to go to the match.四四, 不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态时态时态: 三态三态 to do/ to be doing/ to have done一般式一般式表示的动作通常与句中谓语动作同时或在其后表示的动作通常与句中谓语动作同时或在其后发生发生eg: We saw him go to the shop.进行式进行式表示不定式的动作正在进行表示不定式的动作正在进行.eg: He pretended to be working hard.完成式完成式表示

17、不定式动作在谓语动作表示不定式动作在谓语动作/状态前发生状态前发生.Im glad to have seen your mother.eg: I happened to have read the book.动词不定式动词不定式To 的几种常见的省略形式的几种常见的省略形式 非谓语动词历来是高考中的重点，不定式结构在考点非谓语动词历来是高考中的重点，不定式结构在考点中常占很大比重。其中中常占很大比重。其中TO的用法很复杂，现就的用法很复杂，现就TO在一在一些结构中常被省略的情况作如下小结。些结构中常被省略的情况作如下小结。 1感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中不需要带感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中

18、不需要带to，即我们常说的即我们常说的“一觉二听三让五看一觉二听三让五看”：feel,listen to 、hear ,let、make、have, see、watch、notice、observe、look at. He noticed Tom take a branch of flowers in his hand.他注意到汤姆手中拿着一束鲜花。他注意到汤姆手中拿着一束鲜花。The teacher has us write a composition every week.老师要我们每周写一篇文章。老师要我们每周写一篇文章。 注：除注：除let 外其他在变成被动语态时要加上外其他在变成被动

19、语态时要加上to。The person was seen to enter the shop by us . 我们看见那个人进了那家商店。我们看见那个人进了那家商店。 2由由 all， what 引导的主语从句或者主语被引导的主语从句或者主语被only, first, one, least 或形容词最高级修饰时，而且从句中含有或形容词最高级修饰时，而且从句中含有do时，其表语如果是动词不定式，则往往省去时，其表语如果是动词不定式，则往往省去to。All I did was empty the bottle.我所做的是倒空这个瓶子。我所做的是倒空这个瓶子。What I wanted to do

20、was drive all night.我想做的是彻夜我想做的是彻夜开车。开车。 The only thing I could do was do it myself 。我。我惟一能做的是我自己解决。惟一能做的是我自己解决。 3常用的结构常用的结构may well do，may as well do (还是还是好了好了)及及but或或except后接不定式时，如果它们前面有后接不定式时，如果它们前面有do便可省略便可省略to，其结构为其结构为can not do but（do)，can not help but (do)不得不不得不等句型，等句型，We might as well put up

21、 here for tonight.我们不妨今晚我们不妨今晚就在这儿过夜。就在这儿过夜。 She can do nothing but/except sing.她她除了唱歌什么也没做。除了唱歌什么也没做。 There is nothing he could do but play all day long。他除了整天玩，别无它事可做。他除了整天玩，别无它事可做。 4不定式做不定式做help后的宾语补足语或宾语时，可后的宾语补足语或宾语时，可带带to也可不带也可不带。Can I help（to） carry it for you? 我可以帮你搬吗？我可以帮你搬吗？I helped him（to）

22、 mend the bike.我帮助他修理自行车。我帮助他修理自行车。 5在在had better，would rather，rather than之之后省略后省略to。Youd better not tell him the news .你最好不把这个消息告诉他。你最好不把这个消息告诉他。Rather than wait anyone, I decided to go home by taxi.我决定乘出租车回家而不愿等候任何人。我决定乘出租车回家而不愿等候任何人。 学习动词不定式时要特别注意以下几点：学习动词不定式时要特别注意以下几点：一、后接不定式的动词一、后接不定式的动词 1.后接不定

23、式做后接不定式做宾语宾语的动词的动词hope, agree, dare, decide, determinebegin, start, refuse, prepare,offermanage,try, aim, forget, remember ，chooseseem, pretend, learn, love, hate等。等。 (可记：希望同意敢决可记：希望同意敢决定，开始拒绝备提供，设法瞄准忘记选，似乎假装学爱定，开始拒绝备提供，设法瞄准忘记选，似乎假装学爱憎。憎。) 2.后接不定式作后接不定式作宾补宾补的动词的动词 permit,request,allow,command,tell,i

24、nvite,cause,encouragewarn,adivse,persuadeforce,order,remind,teach等。等。 (可记首字母：可记首字母：practice wap fort 实践攻克堡垒。实践攻克堡垒。) 3.后接不定式后接不定式既作宾语又可作宾补既作宾语又可作宾补的动词的动词 ask,beg,like,preter,help,promise,wish,want,expect等。等。 （可记：请求、愿、助、诺、希望。）（可记：请求、愿、助、诺、希望。） 二、不定式省略二、不定式省略to的现象：的现象： 1.在在had better,would rather, why

25、 not,do nothing but,would ratherthan以及情态动词后以及情态动词后。如：。如： Tom would rather play tennis than swim. I could do nothing but wait for you. 2.在在see,hear,watch,notice,feel,observe,let,make,have等感等感官动词和使役动词后接不带官动词和使役动词后接不带to的不定式作宾补，但当这的不定式作宾补，但当这些动词为被动时其后的不定式必须带些动词为被动时其后的不定式必须带to.如：如： He saw two men enter t

26、he room. I was made to do it 三、不定式的否定式三、不定式的否定式否定不定式时，否定副词否定不定式时，否定副词not或或never,seldom,hardly等要等要置于置于to前。前。如如:She checked the names so as not to make mistakes. 四、注意不定式复合结构的用法四、注意不定式复合结构的用法 句中不定式需要有逻辑主语时，常用句中不定式需要有逻辑主语时，常用for+名词名词(或代词或代词宾语宾语)+不定式，构成不定式的复合结构。不定式，构成不定式的复合结构。如：如： It is very important fo

27、r us to learn English well. 但某些形容但某些形容词如词如kind, clever, foolish, wise, nice, generous, silly, stupid等，等，是表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征的，是表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征的，常用常用of引导不定式的逻辑主语引导不定式的逻辑主语。如：。如： It was wise of him to do that. 五、不定式的主动式与被动式：五、不定式的主动式与被动式：句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式用主动式。如句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式用主动式。如： I need to buy a

28、computer. 句子的主语是不定式的逻句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语，不定式用被动式。如：辑宾语，不定式用被动式。如： The fridge needs to be repaired. 六、区分不定式小品词六、区分不定式小品词to和介词和介词to ：1.下列下列to为不定的小品词，后接动词原形为不定的小品词，后接动词原形： be able to,be about to,have to,ought to,tooto,in order to,so as to,used to等。等。 You ought to follow your fathers advice. 2.下列下列to为介词，后接名词

29、、代词或为介词，后接名词、代词或V-ing形式形式： pay attention to,look forward to,be/get used to(习惯于习惯于),lead to,stick to,belong to,devote oneself to等。如：等。如： Im looking forward to seeing you again. 七、不定式的位置及与所修饰词之间的关系七、不定式的位置及与所修饰词之间的关系 1.不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后。如：。如： I want to have something to read. 2.不定式与被修饰词之间有逻

30、辑上的动宾关系，所以当不定式与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以当不定式的动词是不及物动词或不定式的动词与其所修饰不定式的动词是不及物动词或不定式的动词与其所修饰的词之间构不成动宾关系时，其后需加一个适当的介词。的词之间构不成动宾关系时，其后需加一个适当的介词。如：如： I need a pen to write with. 八、八、疑问词疑问词how,when,what,where,which以及以及whether与不定式连用，在句中作主语、表语或与不定式连用，在句中作主语、表语或宾语，其功能相当于名词性从句宾语，其功能相当于名词性从句。如：。如： Where to go has not

31、been decided yet. （Where we shall go has not been decided yet.） 九、九、有些动词有些动词(stop,forget,remember,regret,like等等)后接不定式或动名词时，意思差别很大后接不定式或动名词时，意思差别很大。如：。如： I must remember to post the letter.我必须记着要发我必须记着要发信。信。(信还未寄出信还未寄出) I remember posting the letter.我记得发了信了。我记得发了信了。(信已寄出信已寄出) I like swimming.(喜欢游泳这项运

32、动喜欢游泳这项运动) I like to swim this Friday.(喜欢在星期五去游泳这一具体动作喜欢在星期五去游泳这一具体动作) 1. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C

33、. to be expecting D. expects高考题汇集高考题汇集：3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A.to invent B. inventing C. to have invented C. having invented4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. A.much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. t

34、oo heavy much5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to6. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A.to be taken B. to take B. C. being taken D. taking7.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to

35、 buy. A.to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing8. _late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 9. With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled B. settling C.to settle D. being

36、settled10. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_in making the earth a better place to live. A.to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing11. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are trying _their product

37、s more competitive. A.to make B. makingC. to have made D.having made12. The teacher asked us_so much noise. A.dont make B. not makeC. not making D. not to make4. Mary is always the first student4. Mary is always the first student to answer the to answer the teachers questions in class.teachers quest

38、ions in class. A. rising B. to rise A. rising B. to rise C. rose D. risenC. rose D. risen5.5. Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day?every day? - - _ _enough protein and nutrition as you are enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up

39、.growing up.A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be gettinggetting6.6.Would you be so kindWould you be so kind us out? -With pleasure.us out? -With pleasure.A. helping B. in helping C. help D. as to helpA. helping B. in helping C. help D. as to help7. Wet umbrellas

40、are not allowedWet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel into this hotel according to the rule.according to the rule.A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking 8. Robert is said _ abroad, but I didnt know what 8. Robert is said _ abroad, but I didnt

41、 know what country he studied in.country he studied in. A to have studied B to study A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying C to be studying D to have been studying9. In Australia he made a lot of friends9. In Australia he made a lot of friends _ _a very a very practic

42、al knowledge of English.practical knowledge of English.A.A. get B. getting C. to get D. got get B. getting C. to get D. got EXERCISES1.You had better _ your hair cut.A. had B. have C to get D to have 2 We _ put the meeting off for a week.A can as well B. will as well C. shall as well D . may as well

43、 3 He _ live in the country than in the city.A prefers B likes to C had better D. would rather 4 The boy told his father that he would rather _ an astronaut.A. become B. to become C becoming D became 5 Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 6

44、 - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going 7 He wants to do nothing but out. to go go going goes 8 He wants to believe anything but_ the medicine. A to take B take C take D takes 9 Compared with women. men always prefer

45、 _ at home rather than _ so much time shopping . A to finish ,to spend B to finish ,spend C finish ,spend D finish ,to spend 巩固性练习巩固性练习 1. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. to be cleaning D. being cleaned 2 While shopping, people sometimes cant hel

46、p _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuade B. to be persuaded C .persuading D. being persuading 3 We agreed _ here, but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 4 - You were brave enough to raise the objections at the meeting. - Well, no

47、w I regret _ that. A. to do B. to doing C. to have done D. having done 5 Little Tom should love _ to the theatre this evening. A .to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 6 Ive got a terrible headache. I tried _ some medicine, but it didnt help. A. to take B. having taken C. taking D. to have

48、 taken 7 - Would you join us tonight ? - I _, but I have to prepare for tomorrows test. A . would love so B. would love to C. would love it D. would love 8 I would love _ to the party last night, but I had to finish extra hours to finish a report. A .to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 9 h

49、e let me repeat his instructions _ sure that I understood what was _ after he went away. A .to make, to be done B. making, doing C. to make, to do D. making, to do 10 - You should have thanked her before you left. - I meant _, but when I was leaving, I couldnt find her anywhere. A . to do B. to C. d

50、oing D. doing so 11 In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. A . waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 12 With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly- elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. steeling C. to settle D. being settled 13. Do let your mother