陕西省周至县第二中学人教高中英语选修七Unit-1-Living-well-(7)-课件-.ppt

1、Revise the Infinitive Unit 1 Living well GrammarMarty says2. I used to climb trees, swim and play football.3. Then I started to get weaker and weaker. Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.Have A Look4. Even afte

2、r all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds.5. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.6. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. Marty says7. Last year I inventedand a big

3、 company has decided to buy it from me.8. I also have to do a lot of work, especially if I have been away for a while.9. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.Marty says不定式由不定式由“to+动词原形动词原形”构成构成,其否定其否定形式是形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带不定

4、式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和没有人称和数的变化数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格名词或代词宾格”构成。构成。不定式不定式动词不定式的作用动词不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive 1 主语主语 (subject)2 表语表语 (predicative)3 宾语宾语 (object)4 宾补宾补 (object complemen

5、t)5 定语定语 (attribute)6 状语状语 (adverbial) 7 独立结构独立结构 (absolute construction) 1.不定式作主语不定式作主语 (subject)To keep smiling is healthy for you.Its important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English.单个不定式作主语时单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。若不定式太长若不定式太长,往往用往往用it作形式主语作形式主语,不定式后置。不定式后置。 My job

6、to protect the world. Your task is to _.2.不定式作表语不定式作表语 (predicative)Seeing is to believe.To see is believing.Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.不定式常用在系动词不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语。等后作表语。All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do, 用作表

7、语的不定式可省略用作表语的不定式可省略to。Yao Ming likes to play basketball.I find it still necessary (for him) to _ if he wants to win.3.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 (object)句型：句型：think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt,care, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve

8、, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish。4.不定式作宾补不定式作宾补 (object complement)My mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day.The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I ex

9、pect you to give me some help.引导不定式作宾补的动词：引导不定式作宾补的动词：+ sb to do sthwarn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等listen to hearwatch 五看五看seelook at observenotice三三使使letmakehave 二听二听一感觉一感觉: feel+ sb do sth（不带不带to）21. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tre

10、e.但当以上的动词用于被动式，但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：要还原： Mother made John wash the car for a week. John was made to wash the car for a week.不定式做宾补时不带不定式做宾补时不带to的情况的情况1.不定式在感官动词不定式在感官动词(feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe)后；后；2.使役动词使役动词 ( let, have, make)后边作后边作宾补时宾补时, 省去省去to, 但是在被动语态中但是在被动语态中要还原要还原t

11、o；3.不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时后时, 如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式, 那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to。1)She could do nothing but cry.2)I have no choice but to go.3)What do you like to do besides sleep.5.不定式作定语不定式作定语 (attribute)1) Kate is looking for a suitable coat to wear.2) Tom has

12、 a nice pen to write with.1.不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后名词或代词之后 (a) She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends. (b) Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell you.不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有三种不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：关系：I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。 (1) 动宾

13、关系动宾关系(2)主谓关系主谓关系(3)同位关系同位关系We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有上大学的机会。我们都有上大学的机会。He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。他总是第一个来。 2. 当名词被当名词被the first ,the last, the only等词以及形容词最高级修饰时等词以及形容词最高级修饰时eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave.3. something, anything, nothing, everyth

14、ing等复合不定代词常用不定式等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。做后置定语。注意比较：注意比较：1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式（不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是you）（不定式（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是的动作执行者是 已被省略的已被省略的me 或或someone else）2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？4. 如果不定式是不及物动词如果不定式是不及物动词, 则后面需则后面需适当的介词

15、。适当的介词。on3. 也可用在也可用在have to do和和there be句型中。句型中。There is no one to take care of her.I have no jewelry to wear.Please pass me some paper to write_. I got up early to _.You came here to_.catch the train6.不定式作状语不定式作状语 (adverbial) 在一些短语中也有体现在一些短语中也有体现in order to, so as to,enough to,only to, too . toeg:

16、He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.1. 表示目的表示目的不定式作状语不定式作状语to in order to （句首、句末）（句首、句末） so as to（只用于句末）（只用于句末）2. 表示原因表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语作状语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。等。eg: Im glad / plea

17、sed to see you.We were surprised to hear the news.so + adj. / adv. + as to dosuch + adj. + n. +as to doadj. / adv.+ enough + to dotoo + adv. / adj. +to doHe was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to believe it. = He was foolish enough to believe it.3. 结果状语结果状语:To tell the truth, I

18、am not happy at the moment.to be frank to be honestto tell the truth7.独立结构独立结构 (absolute construction) 1. It is good to help others. 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry

19、when I grow up. Identify its function.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想想一想4. I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am.

20、 (attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. 10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people. (adverbial)(adverbial)(object complement)动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态形形 式式 主主 动动 被被

21、动动一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成完成进行式进行式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have beendone(1) They pretended not to see us.(2) He pretended to be sleeping. (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎几乎/发生在它之后。发生在它之后。)(在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作不定式的动作也正在进行。也正在进行。)(3) She pretended to have known it be

22、fore.(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4) Were happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续。也继续。)不定式的时态不定式的时态不定式的一般式不定式的一般式 to doI am glad to see you.He has decided to give her some money.表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是或状

23、态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。在它之后发生。不定式的进行式不定式的进行式to be doingI am very glad to be working with you.He pretended to be working hardwhen his boss passed him.表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。作同时发生。不定式的完成式不定式的完成式 to have doneHe happened to have seen the film before. The novel is believed to have been trans

24、lated into Chinese.不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前。或状态之前。He wanted to have met you at the airport, but he didnt get there in time.表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划hoped, promised, wanted, wished, expected, plannedHe would like to have played theviolin at the concert.不定式的完成式在不定式的完成式在would like后边表示

25、后边表示未能实现的愿望。未能实现的愿望。 不定式的语态不定式的语态主动语态主动语态 to do 被动语态被动语态 to be doneIt is an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting.Everyone likes the hero to be praised.We asked him to stay till the nextday, but he refused to.Are you a teacher? Yes, and I haveto be.What we want to do now is lie downand ha

26、ve a good rest.I didnt say anything but to make a gesture.省略省略to与省略与省略do1. prefer n. (doing) to n. (doing)2. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.3. would rather do4. would rather + 句子（虚拟语气）句子（虚拟语气）5. advise / allow/ permit/ forbid sb. to do advise / allow / permit/ forbid) doing固定词组和句型固定词组和句型几对易混淆的

27、词组：几对易混淆的词组：stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事停下来去做某事 doing sth. 停止做某事停止做某事forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事忘记去做某事 doing sth. 忘记已做了某事忘记已做了某事remember to do sth. 记得去做某事记得去做某事 doing sth. 记得曾经做某事记得曾经做某事The question is very difficult to answer.The problem is difficult to deal with.1. 主语主语be +adj. +to do 能用于此句型的形容词有能用于此句型的形容

28、词有: difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome(使人疲劳的使人疲劳的), interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.主动形式表被动意义的不定式主动形式表被动意义的不定式The box is light enough to carry.The river water is warm enough to swim in.2. 主语主语+be +adj. + enough +to doThe books seemed too heavy to c

29、arry.The ice is too thin to skate on.3. 主语主语+be +too +adj. +to do1. Last summer I took a course on _.A. how to make dressesB. how dresses be madeC. how to be made dressesD. how dresses to be made课堂练兵课堂练兵A2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expectC. to

30、 be expecting D. expectsB3. There are five pairs_, but I am at a loss which to buy.A. to be chosen B. to choose fromC. to choose D. for choosingB4. I find these problems are easy _.A. to be worked out B. to work them outC. to work out D. to be worked them outC5. _ late in the morning, Bob turned off

31、 the alarm.A. To sleep B. SleepingC. Sleep D. Having sleptA6. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. having goneC. going D. to have goneD7. John was made _ the truck fora week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washingC. wash D. to be washingA8

32、. Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job.A. so not as to B. so as not toC. so as to not D. not so as toB9. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating notC. not to eat D. not eatingC1. _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. A. Having mad

33、eB. MakeC. To makeD. Making实战高考实战高考C2. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) _ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.A. is said to be buying B. is said to have boughtC. had said to buy D. has said to have boughtB3. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is

34、 so good _. A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathedB4. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire bookA. to find B. find C. to finding D. findingA5. With the world changing fast, we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day

35、. A. deal B. dealtC. to deal D. dealingC6. The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom. A. looked at B. to look atC. to looking at D. look atB7. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad. A. buy B. to buy C. buying

36、 D. to have boughtB8. There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.A. to discoverB. to be discovered C. discoveredD. being discoveredB9. We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition. A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be foundB10. I have a lot of readings _ before the

37、 end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completedB1. 爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2. 据说他已经完成了他的工作。据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.3. 根据报道他们已安全到达。根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported _.To love and to be lovedto have finished/completedhis work翻译下面的句子。翻译下面的句子。to h

38、ave arrived safely4. 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike _.5. 玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。Mary seemed _.6. 众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚 金牌。金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympics.to be repaired at onceto have been told about itto have been given/immediatelydsfdbsy384y982ythb3oibt4oy

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