限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别概要课件.ppt

1、The Differences between the Restrictive and Non-restrictive Attributive Clause定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别 区别一：形式上不同区别一：形式上不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。有停顿。 区别二：功能不同（最重要的区别）区别二：功能不同（最重要的区别） 限定性定语从句用于对先

2、行词的意义进行限制和识别，限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清； 而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。 People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把若把从句去掉句子就失去意义从句去掉句子就失去意义) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is comi

3、ng home next week. 他女儿现在在波士他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍若把从句去句子意义仍然完整然完整)Discuss the difference His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. His brother who is eighteen years old is a PLA man. 区别区别：A句：他的哥哥是个解放军战士，现句：他的哥哥是个解放军战士，现今十八岁。今十八岁。(说明他只有一个哥哥说明他只有一个哥哥) B句：他那个十八岁的哥哥是位解放句：他那个十八岁的

4、哥哥是位解放军。军。(说明他还有别的哥哥说明他还有别的哥哥) All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.那里所有的书都是他写的那里所有的书都是他写的, 书里附有漂亮的书里附有漂亮的插图。插图。(说明那里没有除他以外的人写的书说明那里没有除他以外的人写的书) All the books there which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him. 那里所有附插图的书都是他写的。那里所有附插图的书都是他写的。(暗示

5、没暗示没有附插图的书不是他写的有附插图的书不是他写的) 区别三：翻译不同区别三：翻译不同 在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如：限定性定语从句与主句分开。如： He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是他就是汽车被窃的那个人。汽车被窃的那个人。 Ive invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。 区别四：先行词不同区别四：先行词不

6、同限定性定语从句限定性定语从句的先行词的先行词只能是名词或代只能是名词或代词词， 而而非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句的先行词则的先行词则可以是名可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；如：；如： I know nothing that happened last night. 昨天晚上所发生的事情，我一点也不知道。昨天晚上所发生的事情，我一点也不知道。(修饰前面的修饰前面的nothing) He has made great progress, which made us happy. 他进步了，这使我们大家都很高他进步了，这使我们大家都很高兴。兴。(说明前面句子的

7、整个内容说明前面句子的整个内容) 另外，当先行词为专有名词或另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。从句，而不用限制性定语从句。区别五：关系词不同区别五：关系词不同关系词关系词thatthat和和whywhy可用于限制性定语从可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略有时可以省略( (如引导词作宾语，如引导词作宾语，the the wayway做先行词做先行词

8、) )，而在非限制性定语从，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。句中关系词一律不省略。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形式上形式上 不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 译法上译法上 译成先行词的定语：“的” 通常译成主句的并列句。 关系词关系词的使用的使用上上 A作宾语时可省略B可用thatC可用who 代替whom A不可省略B不用thatC不可用who 代替whom Practice A请区分出下列句子

9、哪些是限制性定语从句，请区分出下列句子哪些是限制性定语从句，那些是非限制性定语从句那些是非限制性定语从句：1. The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 2. His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 3. China is a country which has a long history. 4. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more

10、powerful. Exercises A1、All_ is useful to us is good.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC2、Is this factory _ we visited last week.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、the oneD3、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC4、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago.A、thatB、whenC、wh

11、ichD、whereDB5、This is the factory_we visited last year.A、thatB、 in whichC、whatD、the oneA6、The text is one of the most interesting stories_learnt in the past three days.A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has beenB1、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、whoB、whoseC、of whomD、whic

12、hBExercises B2、Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA3、The man _ you are talking is in the next room.A、to whomB、about whomC、about whoD、whomB4、I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.A、by thatB、whatC、by whichD、/D4、I，_ you good friend, will try my be

13、st to help you out.A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am D5、This is the only thing _ I can do now.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、allC6、Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、whoB、who wantC、what wantsD、wantB7、His walking stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、wit

14、hout whichD8、They have decided to finish their work, _, I think is a wise choice.A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whetherC9、This is the reason _ he told me.A、thatB、whyC、on whichD、for thatA10、This is the last factory _ he used to work at, many workers of _ still have a good relationship with him.A、that; itB、whic

15、h; whomC、that; whichD、which; thatC 1.(限限) Here are the farmers who discovered the underground city last month. 2.(非非) Hangzhou is a famous city, where many people come to buy tea./ Hangzhou,where many people come to buy tea, is a famous city. 3.(限限) I dont know the reason why she got angry. 4.(限限) T

16、he old man to whom you are talking saw some Germans 5.(限限) The woman remembered the day when she saw 6.(非非) St.Petersburg is a very beautiful city, which was once called Leninggrad. 7.(限限) I remember the soldier who told me 8.(非非) The soldier moved , where they wanted to hide them. 9.(非非) Xian is one of the few cities with city walls, whose walls remain as good as before. 10. (非非) Shannxi Province is a place with many cultural relics, which are well looked after.