第12章-IC工艺几种IC工艺流程-ppt课课件.ppt
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1、第五单元:集成技术简介第五单元:集成技术简介第十二章:几种第十二章:几种IC工艺流程工艺流程12.1. CMOS工艺工艺1PPT课件After studying the material in this chapter, you will be able to:1.Draw a diagram showing how a typical wafer flows in a sub-micron CMOS IC fab.画出典型的流程图画出典型的流程图2.Give an overview of the six major process areas and the sort/test area i
2、n the wafer fab.对对6种主要工艺的应用和测试有大概的认识种主要工艺的应用和测试有大概的认识3.For each of the 14 CMOS manufacturing steps, describe its primary purpose.描述描述CMOS工艺工艺14个步骤的主要目的个步骤的主要目的4.Discuss the key process and equipment used in each CMOS manufacturing step.能讨论每一步流程的关键工艺和设备能讨论每一步流程的关键工艺和设备 2PPT课件Major Fabrication Steps i
3、n MOS Process FlowOxidation(Field oxide)Silicon substrateSilicon dioxideoxygenPhotoresistDevelopoxidePhotoresistCoatingphotoresistMask-WaferAlignment and ExposureMaskUV lightExposed PhotoresistexposedphotoresistSDActive RegionsSDsilicon nitrideNitrideDepositionContact holesSDGContactEtchIon Implanta
4、tionDGScanning ion beamSMetal Deposition and EtchdrainSDGMetal contacts PolysiliconDepositionpolysiliconSilane gasDopant gasOxidation(Gate oxide)gate oxideoxygenPhotoresistStripoxideRF PowerIonized oxygen gasOxideEtchphotoresistoxideRF Power Ionized CF4 gasPolysiliconMask and EtchRF PowerIonized CCl
5、4 gaspoly gateRF Power3PPT课件CMOS Process Flow Overview of Areas in a Wafer Fab Diffusion Photolithography Etch Ion Implant Thin Films Polish 4PPT课件Model of Typical Wafer Flow in a Sub-Micron CMOS IC FabTest/SortImplantDiffusionEtchPolishPhotoCompleted WaferUnpatterned WaferWafer StartThin FilmsWafer
6、 Fabrication (front-end) 5PPT课件Simplified Schematic of High-Temperature FurnaceGas flowcontrollerTemperaturecontrollerPressurecontrollerHeater 1Heater 2Heater 3ExhaustProcess gasQuartz tubeThree-zoneHeating ElementsTemperature-setting voltagesThermocouplemeasurements6PPT课件Photolithography Bay in a S
7、ub-micron Wafer Fab7PPT课件Load StationVapor PrimeSoft BakeCool PlateCool PlateHard BakeTransfer StationResist CoatDevelop-RinseEdge-Bead RemovalWafer Transfer SystemWafer CassettesWafer Stepper (Alignment/Exposure System)Simplified Schematic of a Photolithography Processing Module8PPT课件Simplified Sch
8、ematic of Dry Plasma Etchere-e-R+Glow discharge (plasma)Gas distribution baffleHigh-frequency energyFlow of byproducts and process gasesAnode electrodeElectromagnetic fieldFree electronIon sheathChamber wallPositive ionEtchant gas entering gas inletRF coax cablePhotonWaferCathode electrodeRadical ch
9、emicalVacuum lineExhaust to vacuum pumpVacuum gaugee-9PPT课件Simplified Schematic of Ion ImplanterIon sourceAnalyzing magnetAcceleration columnBeamline tubeIon beamPlasmaGraphiteProcess chamberScanning diskMass resolving slitHeavy ionsGas cabinetFilamentExtraction assemblyLighter ions10PPT课件Thin Film
10、Metallization Bay11PPT课件Simplified Schematics of CVD Processing SystemCapacitive-coupled RF inputSusceptorHeat lamps WaferGas inletExhaustChemical vapor depositionProcess chamberCVD cluster tool12PPT课件Polish Bay in a Sub-micron Wafer Fab13PPT课件1.Twin-well Implants双阱注入双阱注入2.Shallow Trench Isolation 浅
11、槽隔离浅槽隔离3.Gate Structure多晶硅栅结构多晶硅栅结构4.Lightly Doped Drain Implants轻掺杂漏注入轻掺杂漏注入5.Sidewall Spacer侧墙形成侧墙形成 6.Source/Drain Implants源源/漏注入漏注入7.Contact Formation接触孔形成接触孔形成Passivation layerBonding pad metalp+ Silicon substrateLI oxideSTIn-wellp-wellILD-1ILD-2ILD-3ILD-4ILD-5M-1M-2M-3 M-4Poly gatep- Epitaxial
12、 layerp+ILD-6LI metalViap+p+n+n+n+2314567891011121314CMOS Manufacturing Steps 14PPT课件8.Local Interconnect局部互连局部互连9.Interlayer Dielectric to Via-1通孔通孔1和金属塞和金属塞1的形成的形成10. First Metal Layer金属金属1互连互连11. Second ILD to Via-2通孔通孔2和金属塞和金属塞2的形成的形成12. Second Metal Layer to Via-3金属金属2互连互连13. Metal-3 to Pad Etc
13、h金属金属3 压点形成压点形成14. Parametric Testing测试测试Passivation layerBonding pad metalp+ Silicon substrateLI oxideSTIn-wellp-wellILD-1ILD-2ILD-3ILD-4ILD-5M-1M-2M-3 M-4Poly gatep- Epitaxial layerp+ILD-6LI metalViap+p+n+n+n+2314567891011121314CMOS Manufacturing Steps 15PPT课件n-well Formation 1-1312PhotoImplantDif
14、fusion4PolishEtch5Thin Films5 um(Dia = 200 mm, 2 mm thick)PhotoresistPhosphorus implant312p+ Silicon substratep- Epitaxial layerOxide5n-well41、外延、外延2、初始氧化:、初始氧化:1000 C干氧,干氧,150;保护外延层、介;保护外延层、介质屏蔽层、减少注入损伤、控制注入深度。质屏蔽层、减少注入损伤、控制注入深度。3、第一层掩膜:由光刻胶作为离子注入的掩膜、第一层掩膜:由光刻胶作为离子注入的掩膜 4、n阱注入:阱注入:200KeV高能磷(高能磷(P)注
15、入,结深)注入,结深1 m。5、退火:先进行氧等离子体去胶;退火的目的有裸露的、退火:先进行氧等离子体去胶;退火的目的有裸露的Si表面形成氧化阻挡层、再分布、杂质电激表面形成氧化阻挡层、再分布、杂质电激活、活、消除晶格损伤消除晶格损伤16PPT课件p-well Formation 1-2Thin Films312PhotoImplantDiffusionPolishEtchp+ Silicon substrateBoron implantPhotoresist1p- Epitaxial layerOxide3n-well2p-well6、第二层掩膜:由光刻胶作为离子注入的掩蔽层;、第二层掩膜:
16、由光刻胶作为离子注入的掩蔽层;检测检测。7、p阱注入:硼(阱注入:硼(B)注入(能量较磷注入时底),)注入(能量较磷注入时底),倒置阱倒置阱8、退火、退火17PPT课件STI Trench EtchThin Films12PhotoPolishEtchImplantDiffusion34+IonsSelective etching opens isolation regions in the epi layer.p+ Silicon substratep- Epitaxial layern-wellp-well3Photoresist2Nitride41OxideSTI trench9、清洗、
17、清洗10、 1000 C干氧,干氧,150;保护外延层;保护外延层11、Si3N4膜淀积:膜淀积:750 C LPCVD NH3+SiH2Cl2 ;保护有源区;保护有源区;CMP的阻挡材料的阻挡材料12、第三层掩膜:、第三层掩膜:检测检测;由于特征尺寸减小,光刻难度增加。;由于特征尺寸减小,光刻难度增加。13、STI槽刻蚀:槽刻蚀:F基或基或Cl基等离子体刻蚀;检测台阶高度、特征尺基等离子体刻蚀;检测台阶高度、特征尺 寸、和腐蚀缺陷寸、和腐蚀缺陷18PPT课件STI Oxide Fill12DiffusionPolishEtchPhotoImplantThin Filmsp-wellTrenc
18、h fill by chemical vapor deposition1Liner oxidep+ Silicon substratep- Epitaxial layern-well2NitrideTrench CVD oxideOxide14、沟槽衬垫氧化:、沟槽衬垫氧化: 1000 C干氧,干氧,150;15|、沟槽、沟槽CVD氧化物填充:可用高速淀积。氧化物填充:可用高速淀积。19PPT课件STI FormationThin Films12DiffusionEtchPhotoImplantPolishp-well12Planarization by chemical-mechanical
19、 polishingSTI oxide after polishLiner oxidep+ Silicon substratep- Epitaxial layern-wellNitride strip16、沟槽氧化抛光(、沟槽氧化抛光(CMP):):17、氮化物去除:热磷酸、氮化物去除:热磷酸20PPT课件Poly Gate Structure ProcessThin Films12DiffusionEtchPhotoImplantPolish34p+ Silicon substrateGate oxide12p- Epitaxial layern-wellp-wellPolysilicon
20、depositionPoly gate etch43Photoresist ARC18、去除氧化层:栅氧化前进行。、去除氧化层:栅氧化前进行。19、栅氧化层生长:完成后立即进行多晶硅淀积(、栅氧化层生长:完成后立即进行多晶硅淀积(5000)20、第四层掩膜:光刻多晶硅栅;深紫外光刻;加抗反射涂层、第四层掩膜:光刻多晶硅栅;深紫外光刻;加抗反射涂层ARC;检测。;检测。21、多晶硅栅刻蚀:先进的各向异性的等离子刻蚀机。、多晶硅栅刻蚀:先进的各向异性的等离子刻蚀机。21PPT课件n- LDD ImplantThin Films12DiffusionEtchPhotoImplantPolishp+
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