语法精讲强化系列7定语从句课件.ppt

1、语法精讲强化系列7. 定语从句考点考点15组易混关系代词的用法辨析组易混关系代词的用法辨析1. 只用只用that不用不用which的情况的情况(1)先行词是先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。等不定代词时。*All that you need to do is focus on one thing. (2)先行词被先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。等修饰时。*Australia is the only country that is als

2、o a continent. (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。级、序数词修饰时。*This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen. (4)先行词为人、物并用时。先行词为人、物并用时。*Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?(5)主句的主语是疑问词主句的主语是疑问词who或或which时。时。*Which is the bike that you lost?(6)先行词在主

3、句中作表语先行词在主句中作表语, 而关系代词也在从句中作表而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。语时。*Shandong is no longer the province that it used to be. 2. 只用只用which不用不用that的情况的情况(1)关系代词前有介词时。关系代词前有介词时。*Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。引导非限制性定语从句时。*Before people retire, they usually plan to do a lot of great things, wh

4、ich they never had time to do while working. (3)先行词为先行词为that/those时。时。*Whats that which was put in the car?(4)which用作定语时。用作定语时。*He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him. 3. the same. . . as与与the same. . . thatthe same. . . as表示相似或同类的东西表示相似或同类的东西; the same. . . that表示同一人或物表示同一人或物This is

5、 the same book as he lent me last week. 这与他上星期借给我的那本书属于同一类。这与他上星期借给我的那本书属于同一类。This is the same book that he lent me last week. 这是他上星期借给我的那本书。这是他上星期借给我的那本书。4. such/so. . . as与与such/so. . . thatsuch/so. . . as(定语从句定语从句)像像那样那样; such/so. . . that(状状语从句语从句)如此如此以至于以至于This is such an easy question as I can

6、 answer. This is such an easy question that I can answer it. 5. as与与which(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可也可以放在主句后以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中。有时还可插入主句中。which引导的非引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。(2)as意为意为“正如正如”, 后面的谓语动词多用后面的谓语动词多用see, know, expect, say, mention, report等等; which意为意为“这一点这一点”或或“这

7、件事这件事”等。等。Need for Speed is a very successful film, as is known to all. The sports meeting was put off, which astonished us. 【典例剖析【典例剖析】用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空(2014安徽高考安徽高考)The exact yearAngela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 解题关键解题关键: 本题先行词为本题先行词为year, 考生首先会想到考生首先会想到when。但当先行词为时间、地点名词时但

8、当先行词为时间、地点名词时, 用关系副词还是关系用关系副词还是关系代词取决于该词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。本代词取决于该词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。本题定语从句中的谓语动词题定语从句中的谓语动词spent为及物动词为及物动词, 故从句中故从句中缺少宾语缺少宾语, 关系词代替先行词作其宾语。关系词代替先行词作其宾语。答案判定答案判定: which/that【高考题组【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空/改错改错1. (2014全国卷全国卷)Maybe you have a habit _ is driving your family crazy. 2. (2013全国卷全国卷

9、)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. (改错改错)_that/whichthat改为改为which3. (2015全国卷全国卷)The citys “psychology cafes”, _ offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. 4. (2015全国卷全国卷)Trust is a learned behav

10、ior _ we gain from past experiences. whichthat/which考点考点2关系代词关系代词who, whom, whose1. who和和whom的用法的用法(1)先行词为先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时或表示人指代人时或表示人的名词时。的名词时。*The person I want to talk about with you is Tu Youyou, the one who won the Nobel Prize for medicine in 2015. (2)在在There be结构中结构中, 修饰主语的定语从句

11、宜用关系代修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词词who指代人。指代人。*Theres a gentleman who wants to see you. (3)一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句, 其中一个其中一个定语从句的关系代词是定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用另一个宜用who以避免重以避免重复。复。*The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard. (4)当关系代词前面有介词时当关系代词前面

12、有介词时, 只能用只能用whom, whom在定在定语从句中作介词的宾语时语从句中作介词的宾语时, 介词可放在后面介词可放在后面, 也可提前也可提前构成介词构成介词+whom(先行词指人先行词指人)结构。结构。*The settlement is home to nearly 1, 000 people, many of who mleft their village homes for a better life in the city. 2. whose的用法的用法whose指人或物指人或物, 作定语作定语, 表示表示“的的”, 可转换为可转换为“of +关系代词关系代词”, 指人时可用指

13、人时可用of whom; 指物时可用指物时可用of which。*The prize will go to the writer whose story/of whom the story shows the most imagination. 【点津【点津】关系代词在定语从句中作主语时关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。*Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution. 【典例剖析【典例剖析】用适当的关系词填空用适当的关

14、系词填空(2015陕西高考陕西高考)A salesmanis not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment. 解题关键解题关键: 关系词代替先行词关系词代替先行词salesman在定语从句中作在定语从句中作主语主语, 所以用关系词所以用关系词who引导定语从句引导定语从句, 表示表示“不能守不能守时的销售者时的销售者”。答案判定答案判定: who【高考题组【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空1. (2015全国卷全国卷)This year, 25, 310 students _ have

15、 accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year. who2. (2015全国卷全国卷)Students _ take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. 3. (2014全国卷全国卷)Students _ enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as w

16、inners will be honored. 4. (2013湖北高考湖北高考)My deskmate is an eccentric boy _ clothes never fit him. whowhowhose考点考点3关系副词关系副词when, where, why1. when的用法的用法先行词为先行词为“时间名词时间名词”, 可用可用when引导定语从句引导定语从句, when在定语从句中作状语在定语从句中作状语, 也可用也可用“介词介词+which”结构代替。结构代替。*The days are gone when physical strength was all you n

17、eeded to make a living. 2. where的用法的用法(1)先行词是先行词是“地点名词地点名词”, 定语从句可用定语从句可用where引导引导, where在从句中作状语在从句中作状语, 也可用也可用“介词介词+which”结构代结构代替。替。*(2013天津高考天津高考)The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. (2)如果定语从句修

18、饰如果定语从句修饰point, situation, part, condition和和case等表示抽象意义的词等表示抽象意义的词, 常用常用where引导引导, 意思是意思是“到到了某种地步了某种地步, 在某种境况下在某种境况下”(前提是从句中缺少状语前提是从句中缺少状语)。*You reach a point where medicine cant help. 3. why的用法的用法先行词是表示原因的名词先行词是表示原因的名词reason时时, 可以用可以用why引导定引导定语从句语从句, why在定语从句中作原因状语在定语从句中作原因状语, 可用可用for which替代。可以把此时

19、的句子牢记为一个固定句型替代。可以把此时的句子牢记为一个固定句型, 即即The reason why. . . is/was that. . . , 意为意为“的原因的原因是是”。*The reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill. 【点津【点津】(1)选择关系代词或关系副词的原则选择关系代词或关系副词的原则: 在选择关系词时在选择关系词时, 最重要的是分析定语从句中所缺的成分。若从句中缺最重要的是分析定语从句中所缺的成分。若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语主语、宾语、定语或表语, 必须用关系代词必须

20、用关系代词; 若从句中若从句中不缺主语、宾语、定语或表语不缺主语、宾语、定语或表语, 必须用关系副词。必须用关系副词。*This is the mountain village that/which I visited last year. (关系词在从句中作宾语关系词在从句中作宾语)*I will never forget the day when my father returned from America. (关系词在从句中作状语关系词在从句中作状语)(2)当当way表示方法、方式作先行词表示方法、方式作先行词, 且后面的定语从句且后面的定语从句缺方式状语时可以用缺方式状语时可以用th

21、at或或in which引导引导, 也可以省略也可以省略关系词。如果后面定语从句中缺少宾语关系词。如果后面定语从句中缺少宾语, 要用要用that或或which引导引导, 也可以省略关系词。也可以省略关系词。*I dont like the way that/in which/不填不填 he speaks to his mother. 【典例剖析【典例剖析】用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空(2015广东高考广东高考)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the mark

22、et_ people from the towns met regularly. 解题关键解题关键: where people from the towns met regularly是定语从句是定语从句, 修饰先行词修饰先行词market, where在定语从句中在定语从句中作状语。作状语。答案判定答案判定: where【高考题组【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空1. (2015湖北高考湖北高考)The reason _ the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area. 2. (2014全国卷

23、全国卷)The hardwood forests _ passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood. whywhere3. (2013山东高考山东高考)While waiting for a bus to the office _ he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man. 4. (2013辽宁高考辽宁高考)At the age _ she gained some basic skills and sensibility(识别力识别

24、力), she begged her mother for a bike ride. wherewhen考点考点4介词介词+关系代词的关系代词的6个考查点个考查点1. 考查定语从句中动词与介词的搭配考查定语从句中动词与介词的搭配*Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future. 2. 考查定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配习惯考查定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配习惯*He referred me to some reference books with which I am not v

25、ery familiar. 3. 考查根据句意或者先行词与介词的搭配习惯确定介考查根据句意或者先行词与介词的搭配习惯确定介词词*I am looking for my glasses, without which I cant watch TV clearly. 4. 考查表示所属关系的考查表示所属关系的of which/whom*She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which/whose construction had taken more than three years. 注意注意: the+n.

26、 +of which(whom)可与可与whose+n. 互换。互换。5. 考查表示整体与部分关系的考查表示整体与部分关系的of which/whom*The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by the angry crowd. 6. 考查表示同位关系的考查表示同位关系的of which/whom*She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. 【点津【点津】选择介词的选择介词的3个原则个原则: 根据句子意思表达的需要

27、根据句子意思表达的需要; 根据从句中动词或形容根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯词与介词的搭配习惯; 根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯。根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯。【辨析【辨析】定语从句与几种句式和从句的区别定语从句与几种句式和从句的区别与并列句与并列句的区别的区别如果两个句子之间是分号如果两个句子之间是分号, 或有或有and, but, so等连接词等连接词, 则这两个句子为并列句则这两个句子为并列句; 如果两如果两个句子之间是逗号个句子之间是逗号, 且没有上述的连接词且没有上述的连接词, 则这两个句子之间就是主从关系则这两个句子之间就是主从关系, 须有一个须有一个引导词引导定语从句引导词引导

28、定语从句与强调句与强调句型的区别型的区别判断强调句型的关键在于把强调结构判断强调句型的关键在于把强调结构“It is/was. . . that/who. . . ”去掉后去掉后, 主句的意思主句的意思和结构是完整的和结构是完整的与状语从与状语从句的区别句的区别状语从句通常没有先行词状语从句通常没有先行词, 整个从句在复整个从句在复合句中作时间、地点或原因等状语合句中作时间、地点或原因等状语, 而定而定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定作用的语从句是对先行词起修饰限定作用的与同位与同位语从句语从句的区别的区别定语从句对先行词起修饰、限定作用定语从句对先行词起修饰、限定作用; 而同位而同位语从句对先行词

29、起解释、说明作用语从句对先行词起解释、说明作用; 引导词引导词that在从句中的作用不同在从句中的作用不同: 在定语从句中在定语从句中, that既既起连接作用起连接作用, 又在定语从句中充当句子成分又在定语从句中充当句子成分, 如主如主语、宾语等语、宾语等; 而在同位语从句中而在同位语从句中, that只起连接作只起连接作用用, 不充当句子成分不充当句子成分(1)The news (that) they told me made me excited. (定语从句定语从句)(2)The news that our team won the match made me excited. (同位

30、语从句同位语从句)【典例剖析【典例剖析】完成句子完成句子(2015重庆高考重庆高考)He wrote many childrens books, nearly_ _ _ _ _ in the 1990s. 他写了很多儿童书籍他写了很多儿童书籍, 差不多一半发表于差不多一半发表于20世纪世纪90年代。年代。解题关键解题关键: 由逗号可知前后句关系由逗号可知前后句关系, 后句为非限制性定后句为非限制性定语从句语从句, 修饰先行词修饰先行词books。根据汉语。根据汉语“一半一半”“”“发表发表”可填出答案可填出答案, 注意关系代词的选取及定语从句中的语态。注意关系代词的选取及定语从句中的语态。答案

31、判定答案判定: half of which were published【高考题组【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空1. (2014全国卷全国卷)September 30 is the day by _ you must pay your bill. 2. (2013浙江高考浙江高考)The children, all of _ had played the whole day long, were worn out. whichwhom3. (2013辽宁高考辽宁高考)He may win the competition, in _ case he is likely to get into the national team. 4. (2012四川高考四川高考)In our class there are 46 students, of _ half wear glasses. whichwhom