英语基础知识梳理课件.ppt

1、词性的分类词性的分类词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分十个大类。 1 名词n. student 学生 2 代词pron. you 你3 形容词adj. happy 高兴的 4 副词 adv. quickly 迅速地5 动词 v. cut 砍、割 6 数词 num. three 三7 冠词 art. a 一个 8 介词 prep. at 在.9 连词 conj. and 和 10 感叹词interj. oh 哦句子成分 句子是阅读和写作的基础，句子成分是句子的基本单位。 英语的句子成分有八种： 主语主语、谓语、表语、宾语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。定语

2、、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。 句子成分句子成分意义意义充当词类充当词类例句例句主语主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么表示句子说的是什么人或什么事事名，代，数，不定名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或式，动名词，短语或句子句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样么样动词或动词词组动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象表示动作行为的对象同主语同主语Both of us like English.表语表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓与联系动词连

3、用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语同主语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定语定语用来修饰名词或代词用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子副，介词短语或句子We have eight lessons every day.状语状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句副词，介词短语或句子子He works very hard.They he

4、ld a party in Hollywood.宾语宾语补足语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词形容词，名词，介词短语等短语等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！英语的句子成分： 一）一） 主语：主语： Walls have ears. He will take you to the hospital. Three plus four equals seven. To see is to believe.

5、 Smoking is not allowed in public places. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 二）谓语二）谓语由由_担任。担任。助动词或情态动词助动词或情态动词加其加其 他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。 Action speaks louder than words. He is a teacher. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 实义动词实义动词/系动词系动词名词名词代词代词数词数词to d

6、o不定式不定式doing动名词动名词句子句子（三）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在_之后。_词后也会跟宾语。She covered her face with her hands. We havent seen her for a long time. Do you mind opening the window? Give me four please. He wants to dream a nice dream. We need know what others are doing. 动词动词/动词短语动词短语介词介词名词名词 n代词代词 pron动名词动名词数词数词t

7、o do不定式不定式句子句子My father is a professor. Whos that? Its me. Everything here is expensive. The story of my life may be of help to others.Three times five is fifteen.His plan is to seek work in the city. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. She is out.My job is feeding animals.I feel e

8、xcited.三）三）表语 它的位置在_之后。是用来说明主语的_,_, _的.系动词系动词性质性质特征特征状态状态名词名词 n代词代词 pron形容词形容词 adj介词短语介词短语数词数词to do不定式不定式句子句子副词副词 adv.动名词动名词分词分词（五）定语 是修饰_词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_。They are woman workers. His father didnt write home until yesterday.Mary is a beautiful girl. The play has three acts.

9、 This is her first trip to Europe. an excited student I have nothing to eat. Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. a swimming pool名名前前后后 名词名词代词代词形容词形容词 adj数词数词形容词形容词 /序数词序数词 /to do 不定式不定式过去分词过去分词 v-edto do 不定式不定式从句从句动名词动名词六）状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。 The best fish swim

10、near the bottom. I left the village five years ago. I arrived late because of the traffic jam . Well send a car to fetch you. The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. If he goes, so will I . Though he is a child, he know

11、s a lot. 地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语目的状语目的状语结果状语结果状语伴随状语伴随状语条件状语条件状语让步状语让步状语七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。They elected me captain of the team. We try to make our country strong. We found everything in good order there. I should advise you to get the chance. I saw him going upstairs. Th

12、ey found the house broken in.名词名词形容词形容词介词短语介词短语to do 不定式不定式现在分词现在分词 doingdone 过去分词过去分词宾语和宾语补足语一起构成宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的动词的复合结构复合结构八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语I was elected captain of the team.Our country will be made strong.与宾语补足语一样与宾语补足语一样英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句 (com

13、pound sentence)复合句复合句 (complex sentence)简单句简单句的五种的五种基本基本句型句型He laughed.主语主语+谓语（谓语（vi.）I like Chinese food.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语The weather is very cold.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语She taught them physics.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语We must keep the room warm. 主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.) +宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 并列句并列句 把两个或几个简单句用把

14、两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词连接起来。连接起来。 I turned on the TV. My sister and I watched it. I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it. I bought my sister a present. She didnt like it. I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it. 并列句并列句并列句并列句常用并列连词常用并列连词:v平行平行并列连词并列连词: v转折转折并列连词：并列连词：v因果因果并列连词并列连词: v选择选择并列连词并列连词:and, bothand, not only but also, neithernorbut, however, while, yet, or,eitherorfor, so复合句复合句:主句主句+从句从句名词名词性从句性从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句