心理学研究方法真题课件.pptx

1、The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.心理学研究方法试题及解析The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the i

2、mportant thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. 33.一个朋友告诉你，他刚才做了心理学实验的被试：“真奇怪，我们做了一个问卷，看了一部电影，又做了同样的问卷。”从这些描述中，你可以得出他是在（ ） A.后测控制组设计中的控制组中 B.前测一后测控制组设计的实验组中 C.前测一后测控制组设计的控制组中 D.后测控制组设计中的实验组中BThe gu

3、iding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. 34.为了考察三种刺激条件下，被试反应时之间是否存在差异，一研究者分别选取5 个年龄段的被试各3 个，来考察三种刺激条件下被试反应时的差异，此种设计为（ ） A.完全随机设

4、计 B.随机区组设计 C.析因设计 D.嵌套设计BThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. 36.在不同实验条件下，正确解决问题的被试数一样，但很可能在（ ）上发现实验条件之间的差异。 A.解决方案的质

5、量 B.解决问题的时间 C.问题解决的潜伏期 D.以上都是DThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. 37.下列说法中不属于访问前准备工作内容的是（ ） A.一切可用的记录工具，如：录音机、照相机、纸笔

6、等 B.知识和心理方面的准备 C.交通工具 D.被访问者的合作CThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xia

7、opings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16

8、th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. 54.关于选择常模团体的条件错误的是（ ） A.必须明确所要测量的群体的性质与特征 B.常模团体必须是所测群体的代表性样本 C.不必考虑样本的大小 D.关注标准化样组的时空背景CThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit

9、of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. 61.先将群体分组，再在组内进行随机取样的方法是（ ） A.简单随机抽样 B.系统抽样 C.分组抽样 D.分层抽样CThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC Nation

10、al Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. 65.在确定常模时，最常用的抽样方法是（ ） A.简单随机抽样 B.分组抽样 C.系统抽样 D.分层抽样DThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third P

11、lenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. 7.关于干涉变量，下列说法正确的是（ ）多选 A.干涉变量是指样本团体的性质对效度影响的一种因素 B.它指的是被试者的年龄、性别、教育水平等 C.它指的不是被试者的年龄、性别、教育水平等 D.干涉变量是很容易分析和观察的ABThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC N

12、ational Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.综合题 2.在词频效应的实验中有哪些潜在的自变量，你认为应该怎样控制?The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session

13、 of the 16th CPC Central Committee. 2【答案要点】 自变量是指由研究者选定，并进行操作、变化的，能产生所欲研究的心理现象的因素或因素的组合。因变量是指由自变量所引起的被测者某些心理现象或行为的变化。实验中除自变量和因变量之外的其余变量称为额外变量，在额外变量中可能会引起因变量变化的因素被称为潜在的自变量。 在词频效应的实验中，词频为自变量，反应时间为因变量。而被试间的差异、词频的定性、材料的选择、实验任务、研究设计、实验环境和数据处理方法等都会是潜在的自变量。对于这些潜在的自变量，应以以下方法加以控制： (1)控制被试间差异，应用随机的方式抽取大量水平相近的

14、被试。在词频效应的实验中，可以随机抽取一百二十名大学生作为被试。 (2)用一个确定的标准来定性词频，如以字或词在报纸、书刊、教材等语言材料中使用次数统计而得出。由于不同的人有不同的经验引起的词频不确定性，可以用大被试量来加以控制。 (3)材料的选择方面，若以拼音文字为实验材料，拼读规则的运用会使词频效应被低估。所以应选择非拼音类文字，如汉字就是一个比较好的选择。由于汉字有不同的结构类型，实验可将此作为一个自变量加以操纵。 (4)词频效应的实验中，因变量为反应时间，有很多不同的任务类型如命名、判断、再认、补笔等可以用来进行实验。在此实验中，由于不能确定词频效应究竟发生在字词识别的哪个或哪些阶段，

15、其作用各有多大，所以选择三种不同的任务 类型：词汇判断、命名和词汇命名，将实验结果进行比较得出更准确的结论。 (5)在词频效应的实验中，为了达到上述(1)、(2)和(3)的控制效果，应把词频和字类型作为组内设计。但为控制不同类型任务间的相互干扰，任务类型应作为组间设计。 (6)实验环境应尽量保持恒定。(7)运用计算机呈现刺激并记时。用不同的统计方法进行统计计算后，再得出结论。以上是对在词频效应的实验中可能会存在的一些潜在自变量的控制方法。The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important t

16、hought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.BThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and

17、the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.AThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.CThe guiding ideolog

18、y should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.DThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three repr

19、esents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.ACThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary s

20、ession of the 16th CPC Central Committee.CThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.The guiding ideology should be guided b

21、y Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit

22、 of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.CThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC

23、 Central Committee.BAThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.变异来源变异来源SSSSdfdfMSMSF F组间A2801280B48224AB12060组内540综合The gui

24、ding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of

25、 three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third

26、Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.BThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.BThe guiding ideology should b

27、e guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.AThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and

28、 the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.AThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of t

29、he 16th CPC Central Committee.DThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.DThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xia

30、opings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.DThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 1

31、6th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central C

32、ommittee. 1张明在实验室考察不同颜色对人视觉的影响，李亮在日常的教学环境条件下考察不同教学方法对学生学习成绩的影响，两人研究方法的不同在于（ ） A有无自变量 B有无因变量 C控制额外变量 D有无研究假设CThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the

33、16th CPC Central Committee. 33在研究的某一时期内或特定时间点上发生的各种社会事件都可能影响被试的行为，从而混淆实验处理的效果。这种影响研究内部效度的因素属于( ) A历史因素 B成熟因素 C统计回归效应 D研究变量与被试特点的交互作用AThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the thir

34、d Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.C【解析】抵消平衡法：在额外变量既不能消除也不能保持恒定的

35、情况下，通过实验程序设计的方法抵消或平衡额外因素带来的误差。通常其用来应对实验中的顺序误差、空间误差、习惯误差、疲劳效应、练习效应等，如ABBA法和拉丁方设计。The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.

36、根据下列材料，回答4244题， 下表为一个考察学生几何题解决能力的实验设计模式及假设结果其中，几何题解决能力采用测验进行测定，满分100分。训练方法训练方法方法一方法二问题难度难3060易959742该研究最恰当的实验设计是A被试内设计 B被试间设计C嵌套设计 D事后回溯设计BThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and th

37、e third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.43根据所列结果，该实验可能存在 A交互作用 B易化作用 C抑制作用 D强化作用 A44根据所列结果，还应考虑实验可能存在 A霍桑效应 B安慰剂效应 C地板效应 D天花板效应 DThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congres

38、s and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. 47某研究中共有3组被试，每组12人，进行方差分析时，误差自由度为 A2 B11 C33 D35 C 【勤思解析】总自由度为312-1=35，自变量自由度为3-1=2，故误差自由度为35-2=33。The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th C

39、PC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. 73.下列属于被试间设计的是( ) A.对照组设计 B拉丁方设计 C完全随机设计 D.ABBA 【勤思解析】AC，拉丁方设计和ABBA设计是在被试内设计中为了平衡实验条件采用的两种方法，因此属于被试内设计。The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and t

40、he spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. 83.在一项眼动研究中，呈现不同特征的人脸图片（正面、侧面、斜视、直视）来考察被试对这些图片的注视特点，每一种实验条件单独为一个实验单元，每一单元包括64个试次，每个被试共完成256个试次。实验结果如下图所示。方差分析表明，各因素的主效应显著，其中一个因素的方差分析结果为F(1,15)=20.598，P0.01，因素之间的交互作用显著，请回答： （1）该研究为何种实验研究，请说明

41、这种设计的特点。 （2）指出该研究中的因素和水平以及使用的被试数量。 （3）根据方差分析结果和下图，说明所得到的实验结论。The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. 【参考答案】 （1）此实验研究为多因素

42、被试内设计，是指在实验中有两个或两个以上因素（自变量），并且每个因素至少有两个水平，各因素的各个水平互相结合，构成多种组合处理，每个被试都要接受所有的实验处理。研究者可以考察多个自变量的交互作用、各个自变量的主效应。该实验设计效率高，能够解释自变量间的交互作用，实验控制较好，且更符合现实情境。每个被试接受所有实验处理，可以排除个体差异的影响，并且节省被试，但是存在实验处理之间相互污染的问题，如差异延续效应和顺序效应。 （2）因素一：人脸的朝向 共有两个水平。水平一正面，水平二侧面。 因素二：注视方式 共有两个水平。水平一斜视，水平二直视。 由F(1,15)=20.598，的自由度可得知，被试内

43、自由度为15，即N-a*b=15，a、b分别为两个自变量的水平a=2，b=2，则N=19. （3）在人脸为正面时，斜视和直视二者的注视时间无显著差异。人脸为侧面时，斜视和直视二者的注视时间有显著差异，斜视的注视时间显著大于直视的。The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session

44、of the 16th CPC Central Committee. 1、简要说明心理学研究的主要方法？（20分）-北京大学应用心理学硕士考试The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. 研究设计题： 你认

45、为智力（IQ）和情绪智力（EQ）哪一个能预测个体成功？请设计实验证明。The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng

46、Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.DThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of th

47、e 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.AThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Centr

48、al Committee.CThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee.BThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, th

49、e important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. 1、简述一篇心理研究报告的主要组成部分。The guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of th

50、e 16th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. 32.ABA实验设计属于( ) A。被试内设计 B。被试间设计 C。混合设计 D。对照组设计AThe guiding ideology should be guided by Deng Xiaopings theory, the important thought of three represents and the spirit of the 16th CPC National Congress and