高中英语英语句子成分（完）课件（共27张）.ppt

1、,英语句子成分,各个成分的功能,一、主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于_ 。 主语的主要类型包括：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词或-ed分词、不定式、-ing分词和(主语)从句等。,句首,各个成分的功能,Young people love pop music To study hard is your duty It rains quite often in spring She was in a bad mood. Two plus two makes four Five will be enough. The disabled are well taken care

2、 of Spitting in public is not allowed,各个成分的功能,各个成分的功能,1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English.,二、谓语,二、谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由_ 充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.,动词,各个成分的功能,三、宾语 宾语(object)表示动作的承受者，在句中一般放在及物动词之后。 宾语的主要类型：名词、代词、副词、不定式、-ing分词、从句等。(能做主语的词) Dry wood catches f

3、ire easily General questions cant puzzle the clever boy We can invite them to our party If you dont know the way，ask her,各个成分的功能,双宾语 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语: 直接宾语(Direct Object)和间接宾语(Indirect Object), 称为双宾语.这两个宾语往往一个指人(一般为间接宾语), 另一个指物(一般为直接宾语). 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前. He gave me a book.,间接宾语,直接宾语,有时为了强调间接宾语, 也可将间接宾语后

4、置, 并在其前加上介词to或for. He gave a book to me. He bought this book for me. 注意: 如果直接宾语是人称代词, 则间接宾语必须后置, 并在其前加上介词to或for. Heres your report. Dont forget to show it to your parents.,表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于连系动词后，构成系表结构。,四、 表语：,各个成分的功能,His father is a teacher. This book is mine. The leaves turn yellow in autum

5、n. The teacher was satisfied with your work. The story is very interesting. One plus one is two. My job is looking after her.,系动词,Add your title,表示状态,Add your title,Add your title,Add your title,感官系动词,变得,be,一直保持,keep， remain，stay,看起来，似乎,seem， appear,look, sound, smell , taste, feel,become, turn ,fal

6、l, grow, get, go, come, run,各个成分的功能,各个成分的功能,各个成分的功能,五、 定语:(attribute),定语：修饰主语、宾语和表语,形容词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语、数词、代词、句子等都可以用来充当定语。在翻译时往往译为 “的”,This is a lively and interesting class.,后置定语,There is something difficult to deal with.,有一些难题要处理,这是一节生动有趣的课,前置定语,Newton is a famous scientist. Lets listen to the wea

7、ther forecast first. Our school is going to build a swimming pool. She is reading an interesting book. I have no pen to write with. The man who is coming toward us is my English teacher.,六、 状语:(adverbial),状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子 成分； 按用途分，可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随状况等。,Who can write beautifully?

8、Were going to spend the holiday at the seaside. Not knowing what to do, I decided to give up. His mother often comes to see him. As soon as the teacher came in, all the students stood up.,七、补语：补语最常用于复合结构中，对动词后的宾语进行补充说明。修饰对象是名词，对宾语进行补充说明的是宾补，对主语进行解释说明的是主补。,复合结构：宾语宾补,n,adj,adv.,介词短语,分词短语与动词不定式,各个成分的功能

9、,I consider your brother a clever boy. I found the classroom empty. I saw him enter the room. I believe him to be honest. I heard the boy crying. He left the girl in the room.,各个成分的功能,一主谓（宾） 主系表 就是一个最简单的句子构成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相当于一棵树的树干部分。并由此构成了英语的五种基本结构,S+V 主语谓语 S+V+P 主语系动词表语 S+V+O 主语谓语宾语 S+V+o+O 主语谓语双宾语

10、S+V+O+C 主语谓语宾语宾补,英语简单句式,content,1. S+V 主谓（不及物动词）,英语五种基本句型,The moon rose. We all breathe, eat and drink. Lucy gets up early every morning.,2. S+V+P 主系表,This is an English dictionary. The dinner smells good. He fell asleep.,content,3. S+V+O 主谓宾,英语五种基本句型,Who knows the answer?,4. S+V+ o + O 主谓间宾直宾,He br

11、ought you a dictionary. I showed him my picture.,5. S+V+O +C 主谓复合结构,They painted the door green. They appointed him manager.,.简单句简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。,1. Things changed. 2. Trees are green. 3. We dont beat children. 4. He gave his sister the piano. 5. I found the book easy .,主 + 谓,主 + 谓

12、(系) + 表,主 + 谓 + 宾,主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语, ,主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补,并列句,需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。,用分号： We fished all day; we didnt catch a thing.,用分号，后跟一个连接副词： We fished all day; however, we didnt catch a thing.,用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等） We fished all day, but (we) didnt catch a thing.,并列句

13、,常用并列连词 coordinating conjunctions,平行并列连词: 转折并列连词： 因果并列连词: 选择并列连词:,and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and then,but, however, while, yet,for, so,or, eitheror,.并列句,This is me and these are my friends. They must stay in water, or they will die. Its not cheap, but it is very good. It was late, s

14、o I went to bed.,and,or,but,so,He knocked at the door; there was no answer. Youre alive! And shes dead.,由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所 构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。 主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。 从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个 主句连用，不能独立存在。 复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接 在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非 同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词引 导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。 复合句 = 主句 + 从句,复合句,复合句是在简单句的基础上，通

15、过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句： 1. 主语从句 2. 宾语从句 3. 表语从句 4. 定语从句 5. 状语从句 6. 同位语从句,英文写作中最常使用的从句 宾语从句 状语从句 定语从句,指出下列各从句的类型,I believe that everything is going on well. She was reading a novel when I came in. She is the girl who sings best in my class.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,Practice,He has found out why she was late.,I still remember the day when I first went to York.,He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,