高考英语动词时态ppt课件.ppt

1、.English Basic Tenses (时态时态).他他每天每天都来。都来。他他昨天昨天来了来了. 他他已经已经来了来了.他他明天明天来来. 汉语借助汉语借助词汇手段词汇手段而非词的形态变化来而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生表示动作的发生,而英语主要通过而英语主要通过谓语动词谓语动词时态变化时态变化来表现来表现.任何句子都要先注意任何句子都要先注意时态时态.He came yesterday.He has come.He will come tomorrow.He comes every day. 语态语态时态时态主动主动一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时.一般

2、过去将来时一般过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时v. / v-s/esV-edwill + vwould + v.had + donehave / has + donehave/has been+ V-ingam /is / are + V-ingwas / were + V-ing.一:一般现在时 定义定义: : 一般现在时。表示一般现在时。表示通常性、规律性、习通常性、规律性、习惯性惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态事件）的一种时间状态.一般现在时的构成

3、一般现在时的构成 1、 主语+be动词+其他 2、主语+V原形+其他（do) 3、主语+Vses+其他(does).具体运用具体运用1 1 1.1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率频率的时间的时间状语连用。状语连用。 时间状语：时间状语： always, usually, every always, usually, every morning/night/evening/day/week/ year, often, sometimes, morning/night/evening/day/week/ year, often, sometimes, tw

4、ice a week seldom once a month on Sundaystwice a week seldom once a month on SundaysI study hard every day and I get along well with my classmates, but sometimes I miss my families. 2.2.表示表示客观事实和普遍真理客观事实和普遍真理。( (注意：注意：此用法如果出现在此用法如果出现在宾语从句宾语从句中，即使主句中，即使主句是过去时，从句是过去时，从句谓语谓语也要用一般现在时。也要用一般现在时。) ) The te

5、acher said the earth The teacher said the earth movesmoves around the sun. around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of Shanghai lies in the east of ChinaChina. . 具体运用具体运用2.具体运用具体运用3 3 3 3表示表示格言或警句格言或警句中。中。 Eg.1 Pride Eg.1 Pride _(go) _(go) before a before a fall.fall. Eg.2 Columbus proved that the

6、Eg.2 Columbus proved that the earth earth _(be) _(be) round.round.4 4 汽车、飞机、会议等按汽车、飞机、会议等按时刻表时刻表将要发生的事。将要发生的事。 The train The train (start) (start)at three at three this afternoon.this afternoon. The meeting The meeting (hold) (hold) at 2:00 p.m. every at 2:00 p.m. every day.day.5 5 在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中

7、，用一般现在时在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时代替一般将来时, ,即即主将从现主将从现。 If itIf it _ (be) fine tomorrow ,we _ (go) _ (be) fine tomorrow ,we _ (go) to the countryside.to the countryside. If he _ (come) this afternoon If he _ (come) this afternoon，we_ (have) a meeting.we_ (have) a meeting. .1、一般动词，在词尾加、一般动词，在词尾加

8、s ; 如：如： work-works, live-lives, play-plays, sing- sings. eg: She lives in Ningbo. 2、以、以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的动词词尾加结尾的动词词尾加 -es teach- teaches, wash- washes. go -goes pass-passes fix-fixes eg: My mother washes the coat.动词变化规律动词变化规律. 3.以辅音字母加以辅音字母加Y 结尾的词，把结尾的词，把Y变变I 在加在加ES，Study flystudiesflies 4.特殊情况：特殊

9、情况：have has .1 Did you get on work on time?Sure. The city center wasnt as crowded this morning as it usually _.A was B is C has been D had been2.In general, most tennis _ on hard courts or on clay.A .plays B. is played C.has played D.has been palyed3. What are your rules for carry-on luggage, Madam?

10、You_ only one piece of luggage on the palne, Sir. A. allow B. allowed C.are allowed D.were allowed.4.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _ tomorrow. A.dont rain B. doesnt rain C. wont rain D. isnt rain5. Hell stay in Beijing till his aunt_well. A will getB will be C gets D remains6. Its

11、6 oclock in the morning. Its time _. A. get up B. got up C. to get up D. gets up .Example: I _ (spend) my childhood happily with my old friends. We always _(play) football and basketball together and we _ (not) have so much homework to do as now. We _ (be) happy at that time. 导入之二：导入之二：How did you s

12、pend your childhood?.二：一般过去时1.定义:动词的一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作、情况或存在的状态。行为动词(即实义动词)的过去式没有人称和数的变化。.I _ 12 years old this year. I _ 11 years old last year.He _ in Beijing now.He _ in Shanghai yesterday.They _ (be)in China today.They _ (be) in Japan yesterday.am/ iswasarewere.I _ (have) eggs and milk for breakfas

13、t every morning.I _ (have) noodles for breakfast yesterday morning.He _(have) fruit every day.He _ (have) 3 apples yesterday.have/ hashad.I up at 6:30 every morning.I _ (get) up at 9:00 last Sunday.He _( football every afternoon.He _(play) basketball yesterday afternoon.He _( his homework every even

14、ing.He _ (do)some reading last night.动词原形、第三人称单数动词过去式.2:谓语构成1.动词 be2.动词 have, has3.助动词do, does4.行为动词用过去式was , werehaddid一般过去时以动词的过去式来表示，没有人称和数的变化.(was,were除外)I went to school yesterday.They went to school yesterday.一般过去时的谓语构成：由动词的过去式构成1.一般加ed2.以e结尾加dwork workedchange changed3.以辅音字母加y 结尾的词,先改 y为 i,再加

15、edstudied4.不规则变化.1.在以清辅音结尾的规则动词后, -ed读作/ t /work/w3:k/edt/2.在以浊辅音或原音结尾的规则动词后, -ed读作/d /play/pleI / live/lIv /edd/edd/.3.在以/t/或/d/结尾的规则动词后, -ed读作/Id / visit/vIzIt /edId/finished enjoyedshoutedmoved helped wantedcalled needed /t/d/Id/d/d/t/Id/Id/.1.在过去某一时间内发生的动作：He _ (get) home at ten oclock last nigh

16、t.2.表示过去过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often，always等表示频度的 间状语连用：I often _(get up) very early at that time.3:用法.3.表示已故人所做的事情。Comrade Lei Feng _(do) good deeds in his life. 4. 表示过去所发生的一系列的动作,而这一系列的动作是从现在的角度来考虑的,不是从动作相互之间的关系这一角度来考虑的。Miss Liu (get)up at seven oclock this morning, _(dress), (have) breakfast, and _(go) t

17、o work.1.1.与与 连用：连用：a momenta momenttwo minutestwo minutesthree hoursthree hoursfive daysfive daysone weekone weeksix monthssix monthsfour yearsfour years4.用于一般过去时的时间状语.lasttimenightweekmonthtermMondaymorningafternooneveningthe day before yesterday 2.与 连用3.与 连用：.4.与 连用：morningevening dayMonday after

18、noon5.与 连用：morningwinterdayyear.just nowjust nowin the old daysin the old daysin those daysin those daysin 1980in 1980the other daythe other dayat that timeat that timeonce upon a timeonce upon a time. _ you _ (remember) to buy the oranges yesterday?2.Who _ (invent) the computer?3.We _ (go) to the c

19、inema last night. The film _ (be) very good.4.What time _ you _ (get) to school this morning?5.Jim _ (do) a lot yesterday. He _ (go) shopping and _ (cook) supper. 用动词的适当时态填空 .6. He usually _ (get) up at 6 in the morning. Look! He _ (get) up now. But yesterday he _ (get) up very late, so he _ (go) to

20、 school late. He _ (be) late for school.一般过去时用在虚拟语气中一般过去时用在虚拟语气中 1（事实：我不可能是你）（事实：我不可能是你） If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 2（事实：不知道）（事实：不知道） If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 2（事实：不知能否下雪）（事实：不知能否下雪） If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.3. （事实：不知道她是否会

21、来）（事实：不知道她是否会来） If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.Would rather 从句中 would rather后可接后可接从句从句，从句用，从句用一般过去式一般过去式，即，即 1 would rather sb. did sth. 表示宁愿某人现在或将来要做某事；表示宁愿某人现在或将来要做某事； Hed rather you came on Friday. 2 would rather sb. had done sth.表示宁愿某人过去做过某事。如：表示宁愿某人过去做过某事。

22、如： Id rather you hadnt told him the news that day. .It is （high/about） time that 从句中（该做从句中（该做的时候的时候了）了） I think it is time that they were taught a lesson. It is time I was in bed.也可以用也可以用 should + 动原动原 should 不省不省.犹如 picture导入之三：导入之三：How will you spend your National holiday? I will Im going to.三三. 一

23、般将来时 1.1.结构：结构： 肯定句：主语肯定句：主语+ + will +dowill +do+ +其他其他 People People will have will have robots in their homes.robots in their homes. 否定句：主语否定句：主语+ + will not /wont+dowill not /wont+do+ +其他其他 People will not/wont have robots in their homes. 一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Will+Will+主语主语+do+do+其他？其他？ 肯定回答：肯定回答：Yes, Yes

24、, 主主 will will 否定回答：否定回答：No, No, 主主wonwont.t. 特殊疑问：疑问词特殊疑问：疑问词+will +will +主主+V+V原原+？will/shall+ V原（原（shall仅第一人称）仅第一人称）.2.时间状语（判断标准）：时间状语（判断标准）： tomorrow next week the day after tomorrow soon in the future in+一段时间 .3.一般将来时的几种构成形式 1.will+动词原形动词原形 (I /we shall)2.be going to+动词原形动词原形3.be+to do 表示计划表示计划

25、,责任责任,约定或命令约定或命令4. be about to do sth 表示正要做表示正要做,马上要做马上要做.(不能与表示将来时间的状语连用不能与表示将来时间的状语连用)5.be+v-ing6.一般现在时表将来一般现在时表将来. 1.will与与shallv 1)表示一个将来的动作或状态，表示一个将来的动作或状态，“要要,会会” She will go to the park tomorrow. 2）表示）表示不以人的意志为转移不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的事。的自然发展的事。 Tom will be 18 next year. Spring will come again. Tomor

26、row will be Sunday. 3) will+v 有时表示说话是有时表示说话是临时临时决定或打算。决定或打算。 - My car wont start. -Dont worry, I will come and give it a push.2、be going to表示表示计划，安排计划，安排要做的事要做的事表示现在的迹象表示现在的迹象推断推断未来可能发生某事。未来可能发生某事。- What _are you going_do this evening?- I am going to do my lessons. 看那些乌云要下雨了看那些乌云要下雨了. Loot at the da

27、rk clouds. It _rain. . 3.be to do3.be to do 表表按计划或安排按计划或安排即将发生的动作即将发生的动作表示表示约定，责任，命令，或注定要发生约定，责任，命令，或注定要发生的动作。的动作。官方计划或决定官方计划或决定（常见于报纸或广播）（常见于报纸或广播）He and I are to meet at the railway station tomorrow.计划，安计划，安排排You are not to be back late.责任，命令责任，命令If not watered, the plants are to die.注定要发生的动作注定要发生

28、的动作The president is to speak on TV tonight.官方计划或决定官方计划或决定.4.be about to do 4.be about to do 表示正要做表示正要做,马上要做马上要做. ( (不能与表示将来的时间的状语连用不能与表示将来的时间的状语连用) ) w was /were about to do as /were about to do whenwhen 正要正要突然发生突然发生 The English Evening Party is about to begin.The English Evening Party is about to b

29、egin. I was about to go out I was about to go out whenwhen it began to rain. it began to rain. 5.be +v-ing go, come, leave, start, arrive, stay, fly, land, take off等等动词可用动词可用现在进行时现在进行时表示表示安排和计安排和计划或即将发生划或即将发生的动作的动作。Were leaving for Qingdao. .6.6.表示与表示与生日生日, ,日历日历, ,课时安排或交通时刻表课时安排或交通时刻表有关的动作有关的动作( (一

30、一种规律种规律) ) ，用，用一般现在时一般现在时表示将来时态表示将来时态 常用于转移动词如常用于转移动词如： begin, come , leave, go, arrive, start, stop, begin, come , leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close return, open, close The evening class The evening class beginsbegins at 19:00. at 19:00. The train The train startsstarts at two. at

31、 two.注注:在时间或条件状语从句中在时间或条件状语从句中,从句用从句用一般现一般现在时在时表示将来时表示将来时:when, as soon as, before, once, if , unless, even if, in case（以防）（以防） If you come this morning, we will have a meeting. When I graduate, I will go to the countryside. What will you do if it _ tomorrow ? We have to carry it on, since weve got

32、everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is rainingExercises.2. Sorry, I forgot to post the letter for you. Never mind, _ post it myself tonight. A. Im going to B. I prefer to C. Ill D. Id rather.3. Write to me when you get home. _. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can.4. Lets keep to

33、the point or we _ any decisions. A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached.5. If he _ to college, he _ a lot more. A. will go; will learn B. will go; is going to learn C. goes; will learn D. goes; is going to learn .Can I speak to Jim, please?Just a minute. I _ get hi

34、m.2.The agreement _ come into force next year.3.Im not feeling well, and I _ go to see a doctor. 4.Next year, he _ be thirty years old.5.How _ you _ spend your holiday? Ive decided to repaint this room. Oh, have you? What color _ you _ paint it? The weather is so nice and I am g o i n g t o s i t i

35、n t h e g a r d e n . Thats a good idea. I _ join you.四四一般一般过去将来时过去将来时(The past future simple Tense)一般将来时一般将来时:表示表示从现在的时间看将来从现在的时间看将来将要发生的动作或状将要发生的动作或状态态,形式为形式为will/be going to do/shall doHe will become a doctor in seven years.过去将来时过去将来时:表示表示从过去的时间看待将来从过去的时间看待将来要发生的动作或状要发生的动作或状态态,形式是把形式是把will /be go

36、ing to do改为过去式改为过去式will/shall + do would/should + do am/is/are going to + do was/were going to + doHe told us that he would become a doctor in seven years.用法用法 和表示过去将来时间状语连用，多见于从句，特别是宾和表示过去将来时间状语连用，多见于从句，特别是宾语从句中语从句中（当主句是过去时，宾语从句表示将要发生的（当主句是过去时，宾语从句表示将要发生的事，用过去将来时）事，用过去将来时）1 He said he_ (return)to t

37、he hometown the next day.2 We never imagined he_ (be) a doctor in the future.A: She washed the car, didnt she?B: No, she forgot. But she said she_ (wash)it tomorrow. 2. 过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，一律用不管什么人称，一律用would Whenever he had time，he would do some reading. I would play

38、 with him when I was a child. . “We are going to have a test next week.” The teacher said.The teacher said that we _ (have) a test the next week. Coke will make a trip to the seaside. Coke told us.Coke told us that he _was going to /would_ (make) a trip to the seaside.Jim决定他们下个月坐飞机去英国。决定他们下个月坐飞机去英国。

39、 Jim decided_. 她她66岁了。三年后，她是岁了。三年后，她是69岁。岁。 She was sixty-six. _.科学家说没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事。科学家说没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事。 Scientists said _.老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么. The teacher asked Tom _她告诉我们，如果下雨，她就不和我们一起去了。她告诉我们，如果下雨，她就不和我们一起去了。 She told us _.Jim decided they were going to/would fly to Britain the next m

40、onth.In three years, she was going to/would be 69 years old.Scientists said nobody knew what would happen in one hundred years time.The teacher asked Tom what was going to/would do when he grew up.She told us if it rained, she wouldnt go with us.导入之五：导入之五：What are they doing now? They are having a c

41、lass.五五. . 现在进行时现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在（即说话人说话的时刻）现在进行时表示现在（即说话人说话的时刻）正正在进行的动作或正在发生的事情在进行的动作或正在发生的事情，现在进行时，现在进行时的标志性词语有的标志性词语有now, look, at the moment, listen等等现在进行时的基本构成：现在进行时的基本构成： 主语主语+be动词动词+现在分词现在分词Eg. They are drawing pictures.现在分词的构成规则现在分词的构成规则1.1.一般在动词词尾加一般在动词词尾加-ing，如：，如：read-reading 2.2.以不发音以不发音e结

42、尾，去结尾，去e加加-ing，如：，如：write-writing 3.3.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一字母，再加字母，应先双写这一字母，再加-ing。Eg：swim-swimming run-running cut-cutting shop-shopping sit-sitting特殊变化特殊变化：lie-lying平躺，平躺，die-dying死亡死亡.现在进行时的句式现在进行时的句式1.1.肯定句肯定句主语主语+be+doingEg: I am doing my homework.2.2.否定句否定句主语主语+be+n

43、ot+doingEg: I am not doing my homework.3.3.一般疑问句一般疑问句bebe提到句首（注意人称变化）提到句首（注意人称变化）Eg: Are you doing your homework?.下面的动词不用现在进行时下面的动词不用现在进行时: :1.表示心理情感的动词表示心理情感的动词: want；mind；wish；recognize；think；know；understand；hate；depend on2.表示存在位置的动词表示存在位置的动词: remain；stand .3.表示知觉的动词：表示知觉的动词： see； hear； notice； sm

44、ell 4.表示所属的动词：表示所属的动词： have； possess； own； consist of5.暂时性的动词：暂时性的动词： accept；allow；decide； promise.现在进行时的用法1 1表示表示说话时正在进行说话时正在进行而而尚未完成尚未完成的动作或状态的动作或状态They _ (play) football on the playground now. 2.2.与与always，constantly( (不断地；时常地不断地；时常地) )等连用，表示赞等连用，表示赞成或厌恶的成或厌恶的感情色彩感情色彩。 You are always _(make) mist

45、akes! .六 过去进行时1. 结构：结构：was/ were + doing2. 用法用法:表示表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：常用的时间状语：at ten yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while, at that time. I first met Lisa three years ago . She _ at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been workin

46、g D. had worked. 3.3.与与always，forever，constantly连用，表示赞连用，表示赞成或厌恶的成或厌恶的感情色彩感情色彩。 Eg. He _(always think of) others，never thinking of himself.4.4.表示表示位置移动位置移动的动词如的动词如come, go, leave, fly, set off等用过去进行时表示等用过去进行时表示按计划，安排过去某时按计划，安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作刻将要发生的动作。例：。例： He said they _ (leave for) Beijing the next day

47、. .七七. 现在完成时现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense) 1 结构结构: have (has) + done2 概念：表示概念：表示发生在过去，持续到现在发生在过去，持续到现在，可能刚刚结束也有可能继，可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来，续进行下去的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来，并对现在造成一定的并对现在造成一定的影响或结果影响或结果。常与。常与since+过去时（间）过去时（间）, for+一段时间连用。表示与一段时间连用。表示与现在有联系的过去的动作。现在有联系的过去的动作。3 时间状语：时间状语：yet, already, just

48、, never, ever, so far, by now, since+时间时间点，点，for+时间段，时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. .He has lived here since last summer.时间线时间线现在现在过去过去lived延续到现在延续到现在:has lived last summer since.1.-When did he go to America? -Oh, he _ there since half a year ago. A. went B. has been C. has gone D

49、. was2.Shelly _ California for Texas and _ there ever since. You can go and pay her a visit on your way to Mexico. A. left, worked B. has left, had worked C. left, has worked D. has left , worked.比较一般过去时与现在完成时比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1). 一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态的状态, 不涉及对现在的影响不涉及对现在的影响；现在完成时表；现

50、在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或状态示发生在过去的动作或状态一直延续到现在一直延续到现在, 或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响。 My family lived in Zhuhai 10 years ago. （现在不在珠海了（现在不在珠海了) My family have lived in Zhuhai for 10 years. (目前还在珠海目前还在珠海) .2). 过去时常过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与而现在完成时通常与不确定的不确定的或或包括现在在内包括现在在内的的时间状语连用，或无时间状语时间