专业英语（研究生）全册配套完整课件3.ppt

1、专业英语（研究生）全册配套专业英语（研究生）全册配套完整课件完整课件3Advanced English WritingSpring Semester, 2017Spring Semester, 2017Graduate Program, School of Environment, Jinan UniversityGraduate Program, School of Environment, Jinan UniversityChapter 1.Objectives of Scientific Writing and Overview of Grammatical Issues Chapter

2、 2.Structure of a ManuscriptChapter 3.Title, Abstract and ConclusionChapter 4.The importance of INTRODUCTIONChapter 5.Experimental SectionChapter 6.Results and DiscussionChapter 7.Acknowledgments, Citations and ReferencesChapter 8.Tables and FiguresChapter 9.Supplemental SectionChapter 10.Ethics in

3、Scientific PublishingChapter 11.Preparation for Manuscript SubmissionChapter 12.Response to Review Comments, Manuscript Revision and Approval of Galley ProofOutline1. Everyone registered for the class must ask at least one question in writing before each class. This will be part of the overall cours

4、e score.Course Requirements2. The final exam will be conducted in a closed session.1. Misuse of the tenses.What is not Covered2. Misuse of the singular and plural.3. Misuse of the preposition, adverb and participle.4. Incomplete sentences (the subject, object or predicate is missing).5. Confused, il

5、logical or misleading expressions.Advanced English WritingAdvanced English WritingChapter 1.Objectives of Scientific Writing and Overview of Grammatical Issues Everyone taking this course, upon spending reasonable efforts, will develop the ability to prepare nicely structured and formatted manuscrip

6、ts with clear logical and scientific rationales and as few common grammatical errors as possible. Overall Goal1. How do we present our research results?2. Why do we want to publish in international journals? Two Pressing Questions1. How do we present our research results? Basic Research: Papers, tec

7、hnical reports, etc. Applied Research: Patents, software, standards, etc. Applications: Completion of projects, financial gains, etc.2.Why do we want to publish in international journals? Wide exposure and recognition. Rigorous review process, which is helpful for improving the quality of submission

8、s. Great personal gains due to the current performance evaluation criteria.Three Misperceptions on English Writing1. Taking class can substantially improve writing skills.2. Residing in an English-speaking nation can write good English papers.3. Writing has little to do with oral and listening abili

9、ty.Three “No”s in English Writing1.There is no short-cut; only practice, practice and practice.2.There is no creation; only imitation, imitation and imitation.3.There is no genius; only endeavor, endeavor and endeavor.Practice makes perfect!Reviewer 1:.I think the present manuscript was well-written

10、 and the objective of this study was very clear. In addition, the data on PBDEs in seafood are scarce worldwide, which will be contributed to the documentation of PBDEs in foodstuff in China. Therefore, the present manuscript looks suitable for publication to Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,

11、but some parts should be modified or added to clarify something. Specific comments are as below;.Reviewer 2:There are language errors.In my opinion the manuscript is very poorly written. Even though the authors analyzed large number of samples, the analytical results obtained are neither well presen

12、ted nor discussed. I suggest the authors to rewrite the entire manuscript, correct all the mistakes pointed out, add more information from other relevant publications available worldwide and get the manuscript corrected by a native English speaker. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (2010)Review

13、er 1:.Generally, the experimental and data evaluation approaches are sound and the paper is well written. I recommend that the manuscript could be published after revisions. Reviewer 2:.The manuscript is well organized and well written. I have mentioned some issues to be addressed below. Once these

14、points have been satisfactorily addressed, the paper should be granted publication. Environmental Science & Technology (2009)Reviewer 3:.The paper needs serious editing, and additional discussion as out lined below.Reviewer 2:. The data analysis is thorough, and the manuscript was carefully prepared

15、. Overall, the quality of this work meets the publication in ES&T with the corrections and improvements suggested below. Environmental Science & Technology (2014)Reviewer 3:This manuscript provides results of a sediment survey that contrasts PBDE flame retardant concentrations with those of alternat

16、ive halogenated FRs. The paper is fairly well written, provides data that is of interest to the research community, and the quality of the data is sufficient for publication. .Reviewer 1:.Overall the present manuscript was well-written and experimental procedures are acceptable due to strict QA/QC p

17、rotocols. The obtained results were compared to the depositional fluxes of PBDEs measured worldwide. . Environmental Science & Technology (2014)Reviewer 3:. The paper deals with a complex dataset in a comprehensible manner. The methods appear to be sound (although see point 1 below) and the work car

18、efully conducted. The subject matter appears to be suitable in my opinion for Environmental Science and Technology; while the methods are not novel the results contribute to an understanding of the depositional fluxes and atmospheric washout of these compounds in diverse geographic areas.Reviewer 1:

19、.In general it is well written. I provide some suggestions below (mostly grammatical/for clarity). Reviewer 2:. Also the paper was well written. I suggest that the paper to be published in ES&T with minor revision, as suggested below.Environmental Science & Technology (2014)Reviewer 3:. The study is

20、 well-written and a useful contribution to our understanding of the relationship between particle-size and deposition. A few changes are needed to improve the clarity of the manuscript.Reviewer 1:. This is a well written review of the potential for dermal exposure and contact to chemical contaminant

21、s generated from e-waste. It provides a clear summary of the relevant literature and builds a strong hypothesis that this route of exposure may be significant and in need of further research. . Environmental Science & Technology (2016) Long sentences (Period “.” is used more often in English than in

22、 Chinese)Common Grammatical IssuesOriginal (one sentence):The Pearl River Delta, a sub-tropical area with mild ambient temperatures (annual mean temperature of 1423 oC) and frequent rainfalls (annual mean precipitation of 12002200 mm) all year around, located in South China, is a major manufacturing

23、 base for products such as electrical and electronic products, plastic products, vehicles, garments and textiles, etc., which are most associated with consumption of PBDEs, has become one of the most economically developed and industrialized zones in China (From Wikipedia, 2009). Revised (two senten

24、ces):In the Pearl River Delta (PRD), an area of 53,580 km2 (8) within Guangdong Province in southern China (Figure S1 of the Supporting Information; “S” designates tables, figures and other contents in the Supporting Information thereafter), the annual mean air temperature is 1923 oC and the annual

25、mean precipitation is 15002200 mm (9). Large quantities of PBDEs have been used in manufacture of electrical and electronic devices, plastic products, vehicles, garments, and textiles in the PRD (10). (ES&T 2009, 43, 9142-9147) Long sentences (Use of simple expressions)Common Grammatical IssuesOrigi

26、nal:It is expected that this proposed study will produce a large amount of data.Revised:This proposed study is expected to produce a large amount of data.Original:Since the raw leachate from a local landfill commonly contains a variety of interfering factors, a substantial number of studies have bee

27、n conducted for the precipitation potential of struvite under different operational conditions. Revised:Because raw leachates from landfills often contain a variety of interfering constituents (materials), a large number of studies have been conducted to examine the precipitation potential of struvi

28、te under different operational conditions. (Water Research 2016, 90, 9-14) Subject is not comparable with objectCommon Grammatical IssuesOriginal:Life cycle exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of cadmium. Revised:Life cycle exposure to cadmium at environmentally relevant concentratio

29、ns. Subject is not comparable with objectCommon Grammatical IssuesOriginal:There are many techniques have been used to remove heavy metals from wastewater, such as: chemical precipitation, ion-exchange, electrolytic methods, chemical coagulation, membrane processes, and adsorption. Objects (Subjects

30、) used in parallel are not comparableCommon Grammatical IssuesRevised:Numerous techniques have been developed and used to remove heavy metal ions from wastewater, such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, chemical coagulation, membrane processes, and adsorption. (Industrial and Engineering Chemi

31、stry Research 2016, 55, 8767-8773)Original:Since most metals are not biodegradable and can be accumulative to cause diseases and disorders of human beings, metal contaminated water posts great environmental and human health concerns. Thus, the removal of heavy metals from wastewater and their subseq

32、uent stabilization are crucial to their fate and transport in environment. Revised:Because most metals are not biodegradable and can be accumulated to cause diseases and disorders of human beings, metal-contaminated water poses great environmental and human health concerns. The potential of environm

33、ental pollution motivates(d) researchers to investigate (explore) the technologies of removing heavy metal ions from wastewater. (Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 2016, 55, 8767-8773) There is no logic link between the context Common Grammatical Issues Polyhalogenated diphenyl ethers (P

34、BDEs), acting as flame retardants, have been routinely added to daily household items. Due to their ubiquity, persistence and toxicity, PBDEs have been gradually banned in many countries.1 In response to the increasing regulation and phase-out of the PBDEs products, alternative novel halogenated fla

35、me retardants (HFRs) have been introduced to replace the PBDEs products. (ES&T 2014, 48, 8465-8473) Acronyms must be defined before their first usesCommon Grammatical Issues In general, an acronym should be defined only if it will appear at least three more times in subsequent text Do not use too ma

36、ny acronyms in one paper, particularly for less known names Incorrect: PBDEs, acting as flame retardants, have been routinely added to daily household items. In general, acronyms should not be used at the beginning of a sentenceCommon Grammatical IssuesCorrect: Polyhalogenated diphenyl ethers, actin

37、g as flame retardants, have been routinely added to daily household items. Incorrect: Effects of economic development on the environmental quality of the PRD, China. In general, acronyms should not be used in any titles (keywords), unless the acronyms are widely recognized Common Grammatical IssuesC

38、orrect: Effects of economic development on the environmental quality of the Pearl River Delta, China. Correct: Effects of economic development on the environmental occurrence of PCBs in the Pearl River Delta, China.Incorrect: 50% of the sample was split and used for lipid determination. 2 L of the e

39、xtract were injected to the column with an autosampler. In general, numbers should also not be used at the beginning of a sentenceCommon Grammatical IssuesCorrect: Fifty per cent of the sample was used for lipid determination. Two microliters of the extract were injected to the column with an autosa

40、mpler.Incorrect: The concentrations of PAHs、PCBs and DDTs ranged from 3498、2.312.5 and 7.825.3 ng g-1. The oven temperature was set at 280. Do not mix up Chinese and English characters/symbolsCommon Grammatical IssuesCorrect: The concentrations of PAHs, PCBs and DDTs ranged from 3498, 2.312.5 and 7.

41、825.3 ng g-1. The oven temperature was set at 280 oC.Incorrect: The concentrations of PAHs、PCBs and DDTs ranged from 3498、2.312.5 and 7.825.3 ng g-1. The oven temperature was set at 280. Do not mix up Chinese and English characters/symbolsCommon Grammatical IssuesCorrect: The concentrations of PAHs,

42、 PCBs and DDTs ranged from 3498, 2.312.5 and 7.825.3 ng g-1. The oven temperature was set at 280 oC.l Never use “、” in English.l “” indicates “approximate” in English and is normally used within a bracket, e.g., (5 g).l There is always one space between a number and an unit, except “%” and “” (e.g.,

43、 95% and 1.2). Do not mix up Chinese and English characters/symbolsCommon Grammatical Issuesl “the” indicates an entity already specified or well known.l “a” indicates no specificity is given to an entity.l Plurals can be used in some cases if it is not clear whether “the” or “a” is more suitable. U

44、se of “the” and “a”Common Grammatical IssuesExample: In the present study, an analytical method developed by Zeng et al. (1) was adopted with slight modifications to determine the concentrations of DDTs in field samples.l “the” indicates an entity already specified or well known.l “a” indicates no s

45、pecificity is given to an entity.l Plurals can be used in some cases if it is not clear whether “the” or “a” is more suitable. Use of “the” and “a”Common Grammatical IssuesExample: In the present study, an analytical method developed by Zeng et al. (1) was adopted with slight modifications to determ

46、ine the concentrations of DDTs in field samples. Use of consistent style throughoutCommon Grammatical IssuesExamples: A, B, and Cor A, B and CAnswer: Both are correct, but should not be used in one paper. ng/Lor ng L-1Common Grammatical Issues The quantifier ion was 235 for o,p-DDT, p,p-DDT, and o,p

47、-DDD, 246 for p,p-DDD, o,p-DDE, and p,p-DDE, and 243 for p,p-DDT-d8, p,p-DDD-d8, and p,p-DDE-d8. or The quantifier ion was 235 for o,p-DDT, p,p-DDT and o,p-DDD, 246 for p,p-DDD, o,p-DDE and p,p-DDE and 243 for p,p-DDT-d8, p,p-DDD-d8 and p,p-DDE-d8. Use of consistent style throughoutA Logical Flow Is

48、sue All target analytes or any target objects should appear in the same sequence in different sections throughout the entire manuscript! 谢谢 谢！谢！Advanced English WritingSpring Semester, 2017Spring Semester, 2017Graduate Program, School of Environment, Jinan UniversityGraduate Program, School of Envir

49、onment, Jinan UniversityAdvanced English WritingAdvanced English WritingChapter 2.Structure of a ManuscriptStructure of a Manuscript1. Title7. Conclusions (optional)2. Authorship/Affiliation8. Acknowledgements3. Abstract9. References4. Introduction10. Tables5. Experimental11. Figure Captions6. Resul

50、ts and Discussion12. Figures(6. Results 7. Discussion)13. TOC Art (Graphical Abstract)1. Follow the Guide for Authors2. Pick a recent published paper How to Format a Manuscript3. Use a template from your colleaguesMain-Stream Journals ES&T, ES&T Letters, J. of Agric. Food Chem., Anal. Chem., ACS Nan