机载监视系统课件：2-4机载气象雷达 - 天线控制面板显示20150420.ppt

1、Airborne Weather Radar(WXR)Airborne Weather Radar(WXR) Con5 Con5：Antenna, Antenna, CP and DISPLAYCP and DISPLAY电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar2电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar3RDR-4000 System ComponentsCP-1BDual Control PanelTR-1 Transmitter/ReceiverModulesRP-1Radar ProcessorsDA-1BDual Antenna Driv

2、eFP30-130” Flat PlateMT-3Mounting Tray电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather RadarOutlines for Con5Outlines for Con5v ANTENNAANTENNA 天线组成天线组成 平板天线平板天线v CPCP WXR CPWXR CP EFIS CPEFIS CPv DISPLAYDISPLAY4电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather RadarAntenna assemblyAntenna assemblyv Flat plate antenna: it transmits and receives

3、 RF pulses.Flat plate antenna: it transmits and receives RF pulses.v Antenna pedestal: it contains scan motors, antenna position Antenna pedestal: it contains scan motors, antenna position monitors, elevation and scan disable switches.monitors, elevation and scan disable switches.5电子信息与自动化学院Airborne

4、 Weather RadarANTENNAv WARNING: DO NOT OPEN THE NOSE RADOME IF THE WIND IS MORE THAN 15 KNOTS. IF YOU OPEN THE RADOME IN A WIND, THE RADOME CAN MOVE QUICKLY. THIS CAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONS OR DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT.v WARNING: DO NOT OPERATE THE WEATHER RADAR WHEN PERSONNEL ARE IN THE AREA USUALLY CON

5、TAINED BY THE AIRCRAFT NOSE RADOME. DO NOT OPERATE THE WEATHER RADAR IN A HANGAR. IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THESE PRECAUTIONS, INJURIES TO PERSONNEL CAN OCCUR.v WARNING: IF THERE IS FUEL LEAKAGE OR AN OPEN FUEL CELL LESS THAN 50 FT (15 M) FROM THE RADAR, DO NOT OPERATE THE WEATHER RADAR. IF THERE IS FUEL I

6、N THE 50-FOOT RADIUS AROUND THE RADAR, IT CAN CAUSE A FIRE AND EXPLOSION. THESE CAN CAUSE INJURIES TO PERSONNEL, AND DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT. THESE CAN KILL PERSONNEL.6电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather RadarANTENNA CONTROL INTERFACEv Antenna TiltThe WXR panel supplies antenna tilt control signals to the WXR R/

7、T.v Attitude SourcesThe WXR R/T uses ADIRU attitude data to stabilize the antenna. v Attitude Source Select DiscreteUse the IRS select switch to choose the ADIRU source to the WXR R/T.v WXR R/T Antenna ControlThe WXR R/T sends signals to the WXR antenna assembly to control it and make it stable.v An

8、tenna Position MonitoringThe WXR antenna sends antenna position data to the WXR R/T for scan and elevation feedback.7电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar一、平板天线一、平板天线平板天线由两层薄型铝合金平板及半板之间的隔板组成平板天线由两层薄型铝合金平板及半板之间的隔板组成. .天线的正面为开有很多缝隙的辐射面，背面为圆形的平板。天线的正面为开有很多缝隙的辐射面，背面为圆形的平板。平行的辐射面与背板之间所装设的纵向隔板，把平板天线平行的辐射面与背板之间

9、所装设的纵向隔板，把平板天线分隔成若干个纵向列。辐射面、背板及两列相邻隔板所围成分隔成若干个纵向列。辐射面、背板及两列相邻隔板所围成的空间，即形成了封闭的矩形波导。的空间，即形成了封闭的矩形波导。Con4-Antenna-2 Con4-Antenna-2 平板天线及其波束特性平板天线及其波束特性8电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radarv 天线的正面为辐射面。辐射面上开有若干列纵向的窄缝，天线的正面为辐射面。辐射面上开有若干列纵向的窄缝，每列缝隙由若干个形状相同的缝隙组成。每列缝隙由若干个形状相同的缝隙组成。v 电磁能量由馈电口进入天线背面的横向馈电波导后，分成电磁能量

10、由馈电口进入天线背面的横向馈电波导后，分成均衡的左、右两路，以分别向两侧的各纵向波导馈电。均衡的左、右两路，以分别向两侧的各纵向波导馈电。Con4-Antenna-2 Con4-Antenna-2 平板天线及其波束特性平板天线及其波束特性9电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar二、平板天线的基本原理缝隙天线缝隙天线：当在金属波导的管壁上开设缝隙时，只要所开设：当在金属波导的管壁上开设缝隙时，只要所开设的缝隙位于能够截断管壁电流的位置，波导中的电磁能量就的缝隙位于能够截断管壁电流的位置，波导中的电磁能量就会通过所开设的缝隙漏泄到空中会通过所开设的缝隙漏泄到空中产生辐射。

11、这样的缝隙，产生辐射。这样的缝隙，就等效于一个天线，称为缝隙天线。就等效于一个天线，称为缝隙天线。Con4-Antenna-2 Con4-Antenna-2 平板天线及其波束特性平板天线及其波束特性10电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar平板天线的方向性：平板天线的方向性：v 单一缝隙天线的方向性与半波对称振于基本相同单一缝隙天线的方向性与半波对称振于基本相同: :平板缝平板缝隙天线阵的方向性与由很多个单元振子组成的平面阵列天隙天线阵的方向性与由很多个单元振子组成的平面阵列天线的方向性也是相似的。线的方向性也是相似的。v 像单个对称振子一样，单一的缝隙天线的方向性也

12、较差。像单个对称振子一样，单一的缝隙天线的方向性也较差。为获取所需的强方向性，平板天线是由很多缝隙构成的波为获取所需的强方向性，平板天线是由很多缝隙构成的波导缝隙天线阵。导缝隙天线阵。v WFA-701XWFA-701X天线共有天线共有656656个辐射缝隙，分成个辐射缝隙，分成3030列，中间最长列，中间最长的的8 8列各有列各有2828个纵向缝隙辐射元，两侧最短的一列则只有个纵向缝隙辐射元，两侧最短的一列则只有8 8个纵向缝隙。各缝隙的位置成矩形排列，上下缝隙之间的个纵向缝隙。各缝隙的位置成矩形排列，上下缝隙之间的间隔约为间隔约为7.5mm7.5mm，其中心距约为，其中心距约为23.5mm

13、23.5mm。v P-90P-90雷达的天线口径略小，共有雷达的天线口径略小，共有2626列缝隙，中心最长的列缝隙，中心最长的6 6列各有列各有2424个纵向缝隙，最短的两侧每列只有个纵向缝隙，最短的两侧每列只有6 6个缝隙。个缝隙。Con4-Antenna-2 Con4-Antenna-2 平板天线及其波束特性平板天线及其波束特性11电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar12Con4-Antenna-2 Con4-Antenna-2 平板天线及其波束特性平板天线及其波束特性电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar缝隙天线阵的方向性：v 把缝隙

14、天线阵的每个缝隙元看成是一个等效的对称振子天线。把缝隙天线阵的每个缝隙元看成是一个等效的对称振子天线。v 设每一个缝隙天线的方向函数为设每一个缝隙天线的方向函数为F1,F1,天线阵的阵函数为天线阵的阵函数为F2F2。天线阵。天线阵的总方向性函数为元函数与阵函数之积，即的总方向性函数为元函数与阵函数之积，即v 同相馈电的平面缝隙阵在通过平板中心并垂直该平板天线的方向同相馈电的平面缝隙阵在通过平板中心并垂直该平板天线的方向法线方向上具有最大辐射法线方向上具有最大辐射；v 在俯仰平面内的方向函数与纵向的缝隙数在俯仰平面内的方向函数与纵向的缝隙数( (行数行数) )有关，而与横向的有关，而与横向的缝隙

15、数无关；同理，在水平面缝隙数无关；同理，在水平面(x-y)(x-y)平面内的方向性与横向的缝隙平面内的方向性与横向的缝隙数数( (列数列数) )有关，而与纵向缝隙数有关，而与纵向缝隙数( (行数行数) )无关；无关；v 增大列数和行数，即增大天线的面积，可以形成更尖锐的方向性波增大列数和行数，即增大天线的面积，可以形成更尖锐的方向性波束。由此可知，平板天线阵能够在其法向形成最大辐射束。由此可知，平板天线阵能够在其法向形成最大辐射, ,天线的口天线的口径越大，行列数越多，在最大辐射方向形成的波束越窄。径越大，行列数越多，在最大辐射方向形成的波束越窄。Con4-Antenna-2 Con4-Ant

16、enna-2 平板天线及其波束特性平板天线及其波束特性13电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar14WXR Control panelWXR Control panelv The weather radar (WXR) control panel has these functions: Mode selection Tilt control Gain control.电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar15WXR Control panelWXR Control panelv Mode selection TEST - starts a

17、self-test of the R/T and shows the test results on the NDs WX - R/T shows the weather data on the NDs WX/TURB - R/T shows weather and turbulence data on the NDs. The turbulence range is up to a maximum of 40 nautical miles (NM). If a range more than 40 NM is set on the EFIS control panel, the NDs sh

18、ow weather plus turbulence data up to a range of 40 NM and weather data only beyond 40 NM. MAP - R/T shows ground and terrain features on the NDs电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar16WXR Control panelWXR Control panelv Mode selection TEST - starts a self-test of the R/T and shows the test results on the

19、 NDs WX - R/T shows the weather mode WX+T - R/T shows weather and turbulence data on the NDs. The turbulence range is up to a maximum of 40 nautical miles (NM). If a range more than 40 NM is set on the EFIS control panel, the NDs show weather data only. MAP - R/T shows ground and terrain features on

20、 the NDs IDNT - starts ground clutter suppression STAB - push the stab switch to start stabilization of the antenna. Stabilization corrects the antenna for aircraft attitude changes.电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar17WXR Control panelWXR Control panelv Mode selection TEST - starts a self-test of the

21、R/T and shows the test results on the NDs WX - R/T shows the weather mode WX+T - R/T shows weather and turbulence data on the NDs. The turbulence range is up to a maximum of 40 nautical miles (NM). If a range more than 40 NM is set on the EFIS control panel, the NDs show weather data only. MAP - R/T

22、 shows ground and terrain features on the NDs. TFR - push the left transfer switch to transfer the right side mode, tilt, and gain to the left side display.电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar18通过控制板鉴别飞机安装的Multiscan雷达系统（Boeing）WXR Control panelWXR Control panel电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar19通过控制板鉴别飞机

23、安装的Multiscan雷达系统（Airbus）WXR Control panelWXR Control panel电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar20WXR Control WXR Control panel-panel-CP-1B Dual Control Panel (B777)CaptainsMode SelectionFirst OfficersMode SelectionSystemControlCaptainsAltitude SelectionFirst OfficersAltitude Selection CaptainsGain Contro

24、lFirst OfficersGain Control电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar21WXR Control WXR Control panel-panel-CP-1B Dual Control Panel (B777)“L” or “R” Left or right radar system selection“TEST” = System test of Selected System“MAP” = Extended Ground Map mode“AUTO” = Automatic Weather Presentation mode“MAN” = Ma

25、nual WX analysis mode: Constant Altitude, with value selected via “ALT” knob“ALT” = 0-to-60,000 ft MSL (1000 ft increments) selection for Constant Altitude mode“GAIN” = System gain setting“MIN” vs. “CAL” vs. “MAX” = Minimum Vs. Calibrated Vs. Maximum position for system Gain settingCP-1B (Dual) Rada

26、r Control PanelCaptains and First Officers Modes/Selections areCompletely Independent电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar22EFIS Control panelEFIS Control panelv Supplies the on and off control of the WXR R/Tv Enables the navigation displays (ND) to show WXR datav Supplies the selection of different ND m

27、odesv Supplies the selection of different ranges for WXR data to show on the NDs.电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar23EFIS Control panelEFIS Control panelv WXR Map Switch The WXR R/T starts to operate The WXR data shows on the on-side ND.v To stop the operation of the WXR R/T, the WXR map switches on b

28、oth EFIS control panels must be off.v Mode Selector: to select an ND mode. A WXR display can show in these ND modes: Expanded APP (approach) mode; Expanded VOR mode; Expanded MAP mode; Centered MAP mode.v Range Selector: The EFIS control panel range selector has eight positions. The range selections

29、 are 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 640 NM. With the 640 NM range selection, the 640 NM range shows on the ND. But the WXR R/T only shows weather displays out to a maximum range of 320 NM.v NOTE: You can also push the TERR switch on the EFIS control panel to make the WXR system go off.电子信息与自动化学院Ai

30、rborne Weather Radar24DISPLAYDISPLAYv Display Modes Expanded approach Expanded VOR Center MAP Expanded MAPv WXR System Display Data WXR data WXR system messages WXR alert messagesv WXR Displays. The WXR data on the ND shows the weather or the terrain in front of the airplane. Colors show the strengt

31、h of the RF return signals from the weather or the terrain. Green - light weather Yellow - medium weather Red - heavy weather Magenta - turbulence.电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar25DISPLAYDISPLAY电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar26PWS-PWS Caution Areav PWS gives a caution if it detects a windshear thr

32、eat in this area: Within 25 degrees on either side of the airplane projected magnetic heading More than 0.5 nm but less than 3 nm ahead of the airplane Not in the PWS warning area.v PWS inhibits new windshear cautions during takeoff and approach if both of these conditions exist: Airspeed more than

33、80 knots Less than 400 feet radio altitudev All PWS alerts are inhibited above 1200 feet radio altitude.电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar27PWS-PWS Warning Areav During takeoff, PWS gives a warning if it detects a windshear threat in this area: Less than 0.25 NM on either side of the airplane projecte

34、d magnetic heading More than 0.5 NM but less than 3 nm ahead of the airplane.v During approach, PWS gives a warning if it detects a windshear threat in this area: Less than 0.25 NM on either side of the airplane projected magnetic heading More than 0.5 NM but less than 1.5 nm ahead of the airplane.v

35、 PWS inhibits new windshear warnings during takeoff and approach if both of these conditions exist: Airspeed more than 100 knots Less than 50 feet radio altitude.电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar28PWSPWS电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar29WindshearWindshear(WXR2100 Detection Zones Boeing aircraft)(WXR2

36、100 Detection Zones Boeing aircraft)Approach and Approach and Go AroundGo AroundTake OffTake Off3 nm0.25 nm0.25 nm30300.25 nm0.25 nmWarningCautionWeather Detection Region5 nm3 nm30305 nm电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar30Approach and Approach and Go AroundGo AroundTake OffTake Off3 nm0.25 nm0.25 nm30

37、30WindshearWindshear(WXR2100 Detection Zones Airbus aircraft)(WXR2100 Detection Zones Airbus aircraft)0.25 nm0.25 nmWarningCautionAdvisoryWeather Detection Region5 nm3 nm30305 nm电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar31PWS DISPLAYv PWS uses this data to detect windshear: Doppler radar returns Inertial data

38、 Air data.v System On/Off Takeoff. PWS turns on when the airplane is on the ground and has one of these conditions: Throttles move through 53 degrees Flight crew pushes the WXR button on an EFIS control panel.v System On/Off Approach. PWS turns on automatically when the airplane descends below 2300

39、feet radio altitude.v If PWS is on and WXR is not selected on the EFIS CP, all antenna sweeps search for windshear. If WXR is selected, the antenna uses one sweep to search for windshear and the other sweep to search for normal weather returns. 电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar32PWS DISPLAYPWS DISPLA

40、Y电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar33WXR System Alert Messagesv Alert messages show on the ND when the R/T processes data that is not satisfactory. The WXR display will continue to show with an alert message.v Only one alert message shows on the ND. When the R/T processes unsatisfactory data from more

41、 than one source only the highest priority message shows. These are the alert messages and priority from highest to lowest: WXR WEAK shows for an R/T gain calibration failure WXR ATT shows when the selected attitude input fails WXR STAB shows when stabilization is off.v The alert messages show on th

42、ese alert lines: Line 1 shows WXR in amber Line 2 shows WEAK, ATT, or STAB in amber.电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar34WXR System Fail Messages and Displayv A failure of these components causes a WXR failure: R/T WXR control panel WXR antenna.v A WXR failure causes these conditions: WXR FAIL message

43、shows on ND Mode, tilt, and gain messages go out of view WXR display goes out of view.v The fail message shows on these alert lines: Line 1 shows WXR in amber Line 2 shows FAIL in amber.电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar35FAILURE DISPLAYFAILURE DISPLAY电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar36电子信息与自动化学院Airborne Weather Radar37