语法专题-句型-中考动词及句式总复习 .doc

1、中考动词及句式总复习【同步教育信息同步教育信息】一. 本周教学内容：寒假专题动词及句式动词种类：动词种类：谓语动词： 系动词（be, look, feel, get, become） ，助动词(be, do, have, will) 情态动词(can, may, must, would, should)，行为动词 非谓语动词：分词，不定式，动名词 时态：时态： 一般现在（第三人称单数） 现在进行（现在分词） 完成进行 一般过去（过去式） 过去进行（现在分词） 过去完成 一般将来 现在完成（过去分词） 过去将来 （陈述性时态） （描述性时态） 语态语态： 主动 被动（一般现在，一般将来，一般过去

2、） 语气：语气： 陈述 虚拟 主谓一致主谓一致：语法一致（单复数） 意义一致 His family is a large one. His family are all teachers. 就近一致 (neithernor, eitheror, not onlybut also, or, there be) One or two students are coming this evening. 句法：句法： 基本句型 主谓 主系表 主谓宾 主谓双宾 主谓复宾 There be 句子种类 陈述 疑问 一般，特殊，选择，反意 祈使 感叹 句子结构 简单 并列 and, but, or, so 复

3、合 状语从句（when，if） ，宾语从句，定语从句（that, who, where） 谓语动词：谓语动词：1. 行为动词（1）vt. 必须跟宾语，语法意义才完整有主被动语态，但在下列特殊句型中 vt. 后不能跟宾语have to do 有要干give to do给干Its + adj. + to do（2）vi. 不能直接跟宾语，只有主动语态，若要及物必须跟上相应 prep.（3）vt. & vi.open, close, burn, sing, study, sell, read, write, clean, keep, act, wash, feel2. 系动词系 adj. adv.

4、n. prep. 从句，不定式，分词（1） 常见系动词： be, become, seem, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, turn, keep, get, look like,（2）固定搭配：keep silent, keep quiet, go bad, fall in/asleep, get+adj.，turnadj.（3）系动词通常没被动，少数有进行时 be feeling, be getting3. 延续性 v. 与终止性 v.（1）终止性 v. 表延续的转换换时态：v. + ago换词 ：arrive / get to / reach-be he

5、re / thereend-be overget back / return-be backborrow-keepbuy-havego-be therecome-be here（2）终止性动词的进行时表将要或反复不断的动作He is jumping over there. 他在那边反复跳。（3）延续性动词与具体时刻的状语连用时用进行时We were waiting for you at 3 yesterday afternoon.（4）while 引出的时间状语从句中的 v. 必须用延续性动词，多为进行时。（5）终止性动词否定until直到才延续性动词肯定until一直干到为止英语基本句式英语

6、基本句式：英语句子有五个基本句式。 这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。 绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。SV 主谓结构SVF 主系表结构SVO 主谓宾结构SVO1O2 主谓双宾结构SVOC 主谓宾补结构说明：S主语；F谓语；P表语；O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C宾语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下：1. SV 句式: 在此句式中，V 是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi. )。例如：He runs quickly. 他跑得快。They listened carefully. 他们听得很仔细。He suffered from cold and hunger. 他挨冻受饿。M

7、y ink has run out. 我的钢笔水用完了。2. SVF 句式: 在此句式中， V 是系动词(link v. )， 常见的系动词有： look， seem， appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn 等。例如：He seen interested in the book. 他似乎对这本书感兴趣。The story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来有趣。The desk feels hard. 书桌摸起来很硬。The cake tastes

8、 nice. 饼尝起来很香。The flowers smell sweet and nice. 花闻起来香甜。You have grown taller than before. 你长得比以前高了。He has suddenly fallen ill. 他突然病倒了。He becomes a teacher when he grew up. 他长大后当了教师。注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成 SVO 句式，例如：He looked me up and down. 他上下打量我。They are tasting the fish. 他们在品尝鱼。Please turn the senten

9、ce into English. 请把这个句子译成英语。3. S 十 V 十 O 句式: 在此句式中，V 是及物动词(vt.)，因此有宾语。例如：I saw a film yesterday. 我昨天看了一部电影。Have you read the story你读过这个故事吗They found their home easily. 他们很容易找到他们的家。They built a house last year.他们去年建了一所房子。Theyve put up a factory in the village.他们在村里建了一座工厂。They have taken good care of

10、the children.这些孩子他们照看得很好。4. SVO1O2 句式: 在此句式中，V 是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有 give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get，rob，warn 等。例如：He gave me a book/a book to me. 他给我一本书。He brought me a pen/a pen to me. 他带给我一枝钢笔。He offered me his seat/his seat to me. 他把座位让给我。注意下边动词改写后介词的变化：Mother bought me a

11、 book/a book for me.妈妈给我买了一本书。He got me a chair/a chair for me.他给我弄了一把椅子。Please do me a favor/a favor for me. 请帮我一下。5. SVOC 句式: 在此句式中，V 是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多， 哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补， 须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。They made the girl angry. 他们使这个女孩生气了。They found her

12、happy that day. 他们发现那天她很高兴。They named the boy Charlie. 他们给这个男孩起名为查理。I saw him come in and go out.我见他进来又出去。They felt the car moving fast. 他们感到汽车行驶得很快。I heard the glass broken just now. 我刚才听到玻璃碎了。【模拟试题模拟试题】 （答题时间：45 分钟）一. 选择填空：1. She came here _.A. since a month agoB. for a monthC. a month agoD. next

13、month2. They got here _.A. a moment agoB. for a momentC. since a moment agoD. sometimes3. My father has lived here _ .A. for three yearsB. since three yearsC. for three years agoD. three years ago4. Lucy and Lily _ in Beijing for nearly two years.A. areB. wereC. will beD. have been5. My uncle _ sinc

14、e he left school.A. smokedB. was smokingC. has smokedD. had smoked6. They _ 100,000 trees by the end of 1994.A. plantedB. has plantedC. have plantedD. had planted7. By the time Dave got up , his mother _ breakfast.A. has cookedB. had cookedC. cookedD. have cooked8. He said that he _ never _such a be

15、autiful picture before.A. hasseenB. had .seenC. have seenD. was seeing9. My sister _ for three years before she went to college.A. had workedB. workedC. has workedD. have worked10. Look! They _ their classroom.A. cleanB. are cleaningC. cleanedD. was cleaning二. 根据对话，用所给动词的适当形式填空：A: Wheres KateB: She_

16、1_ (go) to London.A: When _2_ she _3_(leave)B: She _4_(leave)early this morning.A: How _5_ she _6_ (go) thereB: She _7_ (go) there by plane .A: When _8_she _9_ (come) backB: Sorry, I dont know. Perhaps she _10_(get) back in a month.三. 阅读短文并用所给动词的适当形式填空：Captain Ben Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi

17、and _(begin) a new service. The“taxi” is a small Swiss aero phane called a “Pilatus Porter”. This wonderful plane can carry sevenpassengers. Captain Fawcetts first passenger_(be) a doctor who _ (fly) from Birmingham toa lonely village in the Welsh mountains. Since then, Captain Fawcett _(fly) passen

18、gers tomany unusual places. Once he _ (land) on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion,he _(land) in a deserted car park. Captain Fawcett _just _(refuse) a strange requestfrom a business man. The man _ (want) to fly to Rockall, but Captain Fawcett _(not take) him because the trip _ (be

19、) too dangerous.四. 阅读理解:(A) Can You Make Short Phone CallsPhones are very useful to us, and we cant work without them. But phones also bring troubles.For example, a friend wants to tell you his or her latest health problem on the phone. You are verybusy, so you have to cut your friend off. What will

20、 you sayWhen you answer a call, dont ask questions like “How are things” because these questionswill make them think that you have time to talk longer. After “hello,” get right to the heart of thematter you want to say.When you make a call, you should call at the right time. If you call right before

21、 lunch ordinner, or at the end of the work day, people will not talk too much.When you call someone and do not want to talk longer, you may start with, “Hi, Ive only gota few minutes, but I want to talk to you about ” or, “Id like to talk more, but I only have a fewminutes before I have to go.”If yo

22、u dont want to spend time talking to someone, you must say, “Id like to talk to youlonger, but I must say Goodbye.” Dont wait for the answer.If someone does not stop talking and you have to leave, you can ask someone in your hometo help you. For example, you signal to your father, and your father sa

23、ys loudly, “Mary, I think thebread is burning!”() 1. When you want to make a short phone call, you should say: _ and then go right tothe matter.A. How are thingsB. Whats newC. How are you doingD. I only have three minutes before I have to leave.() 2. When you want to stop talking, you can say: _A. I

24、 have to go now. Goodbye.B. Im glad to talk to you. What can I do for youC. So, what else is newD. Hi. How are things() 3. If someone does not stop talking and you have to leave, you can _A. ask someone in your home to help you.B. shout to him loudly.C. cry loudly.D. Throw the phone to the floor.(B)

25、 How to Use an ATMPat Brown went to her bank to ask for an ATM card. It looks like a credit card. A few weekslater, the bank posted her a card and a four-number personal identification number (PIN). Her PINis 1234.As Pat was getting ready for bed one night, she remembered that she had $2 in her bag.

26、 Thenext day she had to give $10 for a lunch for a co-worker. She didnt want to get up early to go tothe bank. So she had to go to the bank at night. She used her ATM card to withdraw (take out) $50from her checking account (现金帐户).These are the steps she followed to withdraw money. First, she put he

27、r card in the lower slot(狭孔) on the right side of the machine. She made sure her card was facing the right way. Second,the computer screen said, “Please enter (put in) your PIN.” Pat pressed (按) the number 1,2,3, and4. next, the screen said, “Please select type of transaction (交易) you want by press

28、other keys.”Pat pressed the bottom key for withdrawing money.Then the screen said, “From which account” The choices it gave were Checking, Savings,and Money Market. Pat pressed the key for checking. Next, the screen said, “Please chooseamount of transaction.” Pat pushed the number 5 and then 0 three

29、 times, until the screen read, “”.The screen then read, “Please wait”. In less than a minute, it read, “Please put up the lid and takeyour money.”Pat lifts the lid marked Withdraw. She counted her $50 to make sure the ATM hadnt made amistake. Then she waited for her withdraw slip to come out of the

30、slot at the upper right corner ofthe machine. Pat checked the slip to make sure it was correct. Then her ATM card was returnedthrough the card slot. She put it in her bag and walked away. If Pat had made a mistake at anypoint by pressing the wrong button, she could have pressed Cancel and started ov

31、er again.What you should doWhat computer should sayPut her card in the lower slot.Enter (put in) your PIN1. _2. _Press the bottom key for withdrawing moneySelect type of account3. _Choose amount of transactionPush the number you wantPut up the lid and take your moneyLift the lid marked Withdraw4. _W

32、ait for her withdraw slip to come out of the slotCheck the slip to make sure it was correctReturn through the card slot【试题答案】【试题答案】一. CAADC, CBBAB二. 1. has gone2. did3. leave4. left5. did6. go7. went8. will9. come10. will get三. begun, was, flew, has flown, landed, landed, has, refused, wanted, didnt

33、 take, was四. (A)DAA(B) 1. Press the PIN numbers2. Select type of transaction you want3. Press the key for checking4. Count her money【励志故事】【励志故事】当机不断的教训当机不断的教训华裔电脑名人王安博士，声称影响他一生的最大的教训，发生在他六岁之时。有一天，王安外出玩耍。路经一棵大树的时候，突然有什么东西掉在他的头上。他伸手一抓，原来是个鸟巢。他怕鸟粪弄脏了衣服，于是赶紧用手拨开。鸟巢掉在了地上，从里面滚出了一只嗷嗷待哺的小麻雀。他很喜欢它，决定把它带回去喂养，于是连鸟巢一起带回了家。王安回到家，走到门口，忽然想起妈妈不允许他在家里养小动物。所以，他轻轻地把小麻雀放在门后，匆忙走进室内，请求妈妈的允许。在他的苦苦哀求下，妈妈破例答应了儿子的请求。王安兴奋地跑到门后，不料，小麻雀已经不见了。一只黑猫正在那里意犹未尽地擦试着嘴巴。王安为此伤心了好久。这件事给了王安终身有益的教训，他由此得出一个结论：只要是自己认为对的事情，绝不可优柔寡断，必须马上付诸行动。不能做决定的人，固然没有做错事的机会，但也失去了成功的机运。