（新教材）2022新牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit-1-Grammar-and-usage-&-Integrated-skills单词讲解.docx

1、Grammar and usage-Integrated skills 单词详解1. citizenn. 公民；市民，居民(6)Shes Italian by birth but is now an Australian citizen.她生于意大利，但现在是澳大利亚公民2. foundvt. 创建，创办；建立，兴建 (6)(近义词 establish)found a club/company 创办俱乐部公司Their marriage was founded on love and mutual respect.他们的婚姻建立在爱情和互相尊重的基础上。3. politicsn. 政治，政治事

2、务；（个人的）政治观点，政见(6)a major figure in British politics 英国政坛的风云人物Hes thinking of going into politics. 他打算步入政坛。Politics is his main subject at university.他在大学主修政治。His politics are extreme. 他的政治观点偏激。注：politics 单复数同行形，指政治学、政治制度时视为单数，指政治见解时常用复数。拓展：politicaladj. 政治的，政治上的politiciann. 政治家，政客policyn. 政策4. accus

3、evt. 谴责，控诉(6)She accused him of lying. 她指责他说谎。The government was accused of incompetence. 政府被指责无能。短语：accuse sb of sth控告某人某事（be accused of=be charged with）拓展： accusationn.accusingadj. 谴责的，指责的 an accusing look 谴责的目光accusinglyadv.accusatoryadj. 谴责的，指责的accusedadj. 被控告的 the accused 被告5. taxn. 税，税款 vt. 对征

4、税，使纳税(6)to raise/cut taxes 增加削减税收to pay over 1 000 in tax 缴纳 1 000 多英镑的税款profits before/after tax 税前税后利润a tax on cigarettes 香烟税His declared aim was to tax the rich. 他宣布他的目的是向富人征税。The problem is currently taxing the brains of the nations experts. 目前这个问题使得全国的专家大伤脑筋。短语：tax sb with sth （就某事）指责，责备，谴责I ta

5、xed him with avoiding his responsibility as a parent. 我指责他逃避做父亲的责任。6. mountvi. 逐步增加 vt. 攀登，爬上 n. 山(6)Pressure is mounting on the government to change the law. 迫使政府修改法律的压力不断增加。He mounted the platform and addressed the crowd. 他登上讲台对人群发表演说。He mounted his horse and rode away. 他骑上马走了mount up （尺寸和数量上）增加，上

6、升 (6)Meanwhile, my debts were mounting up. 同时，我的债务在不断增加。7. *elevationn. 提高；提升；海拔 (6)拓展：elevatev.elevate sb to sth提升某人到什么位置（promote）elevatorn.电梯；谷仓，粮仓；8professionn. 行业，职业；同行；宣称，声明(6)enter/go into/join a profession 从事加入参加一个行业He was an electrician by profession . 他的职业是电工拓展：professionaladj. 职业的，专业的；n. 专

7、业人士， 职业选手a professional tennis player 职业网球运动员There will be a rise in the demand for health care professionals.对卫生保健专业人员的需求会上升。9draman. 戏剧；戏剧性事件(7)un. 戏剧艺术，戏剧文学stage a drama 上演一出戏There is a really good drama. 有一出真正的好戏。A drama school 戏剧学校a drama documentary 纪实片拓展：dramatic adj. 戏剧性的；突然的；给人印象深刻的the dram

8、atic arts戏剧艺术a dramatic increase剧增a dramatic victory 激动人心的胜利dramatically adv. 突然地；戏剧性地； 引人注目地10scholarshipn. 奖学金；学术(7)win a scholarship赢得奖学金拓展：scholar n. 学者a history scholar 研究历史的学者11categoryn. 类别，种类(7)Literature can be divided into two categories:fiction and non-fiction.文学可以分为两类：小说和纪实文学。12neverthel

9、essadv. 尽管如此(7)There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it isimportant that we try. 我们几乎没有可能改变法律。不过，重要的是我们努力争取。Our defeat was expected but it is disappointing nevertheless.我们的失败是意料中的事，尽管如此，还是令人失望。13witness vt. & vi. 是发生的时间（或地点），见证；目击；作证；是的迹象 n. 目击者，见证人；证人 (8)Rec

10、ent years have witnessed a growing social mobility. 近年来人们的社会流动性越来越大。Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them. 警方呼吁凡是目击这一事件的人与他们联系。There has been increasing interest in her life and work, as witnessed by the publication oftwo new biographies. 从两部新传记的出版可以看出， 人们对她的生活和工

11、作越来越感兴趣。We have a witness to the killing. 我们有一位这起杀人案的目击者。These facts are a witness to his ignorance. 这些事证明了他的无知。短语： be witnessed by被.见证be a witness to sth是.的见证者14editionn. 版本；一份，一期；版次 (8)a limited edition限量版the first edition初版拓展：edit v. 编辑，剪辑editor n. 编辑，剪辑者a chief editor 主编editorial adj. 编辑的，主编的； n

12、. 社论15platformn. 平台；站台，月台；讲台，舞台(8)16spring up 迅速出现，突然兴起(8)Spring v.跳，跃，蹦；突然猛烈地移动；突然出现（或来到）Everyone sprang to their feet when the principal walked in.校长进来时，所有的人都立刻站了起来。The branch sprang back and hit him in the face. 树枝弹回来打在他脸上。Tears sprang to her eyes. 她眼里一下子涌出了泪水。The idea for the novel sprang from a

13、 trip to India. 写这部小说的想法源于一次去印度的旅行。n. 春天；泉水；弹簧；跳，跃17interactionn. 互动；互相作用 (8)interaction with.之间的互动拓展：interactv. 交流，沟通interact with . 与.相互交流interactiveadj. 合作的，互相影响的18membershipn. （统称）会员，会员人数；会员资格(8)19chartn. 图表；海图；（the charts）排行榜(8)20broadcastn. 广播节目，电视节目 vi. & vt.(broadcast, broadcast) 播送，广播；散布，传播(8)I missed the live broadcast of the Olympics. 我没赶上奥运会的直播。The interview was broadcast live across the country.这次采访向全国现场直播。