（2019版）新人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 1 知识清单（含答案）.doc

1、Unit 1 science and scientists 知识清单一重点单词1.severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的，严厉的- severely adv. 很严重地；极为恶劣地1严寒: severe coldness2严重的伤势: severe injuries3严重的社会问题: severe social problems4严重的破坏:severe damage5 Its a rule that cruelty to animals is _severely_(severe) punished in England.2. frustrated adi 懊恼的； 沮丧的； 失意的使

2、懊恼， 使沮丧frustrate v -frustratedadi 令人沮丧的1受到挫折:get frustrated2因、 、 、而灰心丧气: be frustrated at3They tried every possible way to handle the _frustrating (frustrate) situation.4虽然出了问题，但我们都没有感到失望或沮丧。Although things go wrong, none of us feel disappointed or frustrated.3. contradictory adj 相互矛盾的，对立的；不一致的-cont

3、radictv. 反驳；与、 、 、相矛盾- contradictionn 抵触；矛盾；矛盾的说法-self-contradictory自相矛盾的1矛盾信息: contradictory information2互相矛盾的陈述：contradictory statements4. infection n 感染；传染infect v 使感染；传染 - 传染性的：infectious1受到感染：have an infection2患上感染/传染病：suffer from/get/develop an infection3治疗感染: treat an infection4感染上、 、 、: be i

4、nfected with5小心把伤口清理干净，这样不会被感染。Clean the wound cautiously so it doesnt get infected_5. subscribe v 认购（股份） ；定期订购；定期缴纳（会费）-订阅者 subscriber -订阅 subscripyion1同意；赞同: subscribe to2赞同一个理论: subscribe to a theory3订阅杂志:subscribe to a magazine4办理订阅: take out a subscription5我个人从来都不同意一种性别比另一种性别优越的观点。Ive personall

5、y never subscribe to the view that either sex is superior to the other.6. suspect vt/vi 怀疑、不信任犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象-怀疑 suspicion -感觉可疑的:suspicious（1）怀疑某人某事: suspect sb of sth2警告某人某事:warn sb of sth3控告某人某事：accuse sb of sth4治愈某人的某种疾病:cure sb of sth5告知某人某事: inform sb of sth6使某人相信某事：convince sb of sth7我最好的朋友怀疑我泄露了她

6、的秘密。My best friend suspected me of giving away her secret.7. blame vt.把、 、 、 、归咎于；责怪；指责 n 责备；指责1因（做）某事而责备某人:blame sb for sth2把某事归咎于某人: blame sth on sb3应承担责任，该受责备: be to blame for4对某事负责；承担责任: accept/ bear/ take the blame for5把某事的责任推到某人身上:put/ lay the blame for sth on sb8. link n 联系；纽带 vt 把、 、 、连接起来；相

7、关联1把、 、 、和、 、 、联结起来: link.to/with2与、 、 、有联系/有关: be linked with/to3 、 、和、 、之间的联系:links betweenand4儿童的行为与其父母的教育存在着密切的联系。This is a close link between the childrens behavior and their parentseducation.9. decrease n 减少；降低；减少量 vt/vi (大小，数量等)减少；减小；降低increasev 增加，增长 n. 增加，增长1减少到: decrease to2减少了: decrease b

8、y3在减少: on the decrease4在增加: on the increase5参观人数一直在稳步下降。There has been a steady decrease in the number of visitors.10. transform vt 使改观；使改变形态 vi 改变；转变1把、 、变为、 、transforminto sth2用、 、来改变、 、transform .with3我充分意识到，是在国外的生活经历完全改变了我。Ill fully aware that its the experience from my life abroad that has tota

9、lly transformedme11. cast vt ( cast/cast) 投射；向、 、 、投以（视线。笑容等） ；投掷1扔掉，抛弃:cast away2抛弃，丢弃，废除: cast aside3解缆；丢弃，抛弃: cast off4研究克隆的科学家们发现多利得的疾病更容易发生在老年的羊身上，这使他们很沮丧。Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illness were more appropriate to amuch older animal.5他的尖锐言论和悲观态度给会议蒙上了阴影。His sharp rem

10、arks and pessimistic attitude_ cast a shadow on the meeting.12.pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）1把、 、倒入、 、中: pour. into.2倒掉、 、 、pour away3 （雨）倾盆而下: pour down4下滂沱大雨: pour with rain5在两个盘子里倒少许酱汁，然后把肉排放整齐。Please _pour_ a pool of sauce on two plates and arrange the meat neatly.13. defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解- defencen.防御，保护，保

11、卫；防御物1保卫、 、 、免受、 、 、defend against/from2为某人辩护: in ones defence3对。 。 。的防御物: a defence against4每个能够参加战斗的男子现在都致力于保卫这条山脊。Every man who could fight is now committed to defending the ridge.14. gifted adj 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的-gift n.天赋，天才，才能1在、 、 、方面有天赋/才华: be gifted in/at2具有、 、 、:be gifted with3有、 、 、天赋: have

12、a gift/talent for4He has a sense of humor, and isgifted (gift) with a sharp business brain.15. shift n 改变；转换；轮班 vi/vt 转移；挪动；转向1轮班: by shifts2把、 、 、从、 、 、移动/搬到、 、 、shift from、 、to、 、 、3他停了下来，将手杖移到左手。He stopped, _shifting his walking stick to his left hand.二重点短语1. Once and for all 最终地；彻底地Above all 最重要

13、的是；尤其是1 首先（强调顺序）: first of all2 总共: in all3 毕竟，终究: after all4 到底，根本: at all5 一点也不，完全不: not at all6 这是回报时刻。我最终证明了我能成为冠军。This is payback time. Ive proved once and for all I can become thechampion.7 我们上学最重要的是学会如何学习，这样，当我们离开学校时，我们就能能够继续学习。We go to school, above all, to learn how to learn, so that when w

14、e have leftschool, we can continue to learn.2. Thanks to 幸亏；由于1because of多亏；因为；由于= due to= on account of= owing to2多亏了那位教授，我喜欢上了英语，并且对自己有了信心。Thanks to the professor, I fell in love with English had confidence inmyself.3. Break out ( 战争，打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发1 强行进入；插话；打断:break in2 强行闯入；突然开始（笑，唱等）:break in

15、to3 分解；出故障；(计划等)失败；垮掉:break down4 突围；突破:break through5 分解，关系的破裂: break up6 战争爆发时他毫不犹豫地参了军。He joined the army without hesitation when the war broke out.4. In charge of 主管；掌管1 负责，主管（动词短语）: take charge of:2 负责、主管（介词短语）:in charge of3 为某物向某人收费:charge sb for sth4 指控某人某事: charge sb with sth5 免费: free of ch

16、arge6 眼下这个有强烈责任感的人负责学校的工作。The man who has a strong sense of responsibility is in charge of theschools work.5. Come down 患病；染上（小病）1 可归结为： （风俗，习惯）流传到: come down to2 如果任何人不幸得了传染病，他应该进行隔离。If anyone unluckily comes down with an infection, he should keep himselfseparated.三重点句式1. Have sth done 使某事被、 、 、 、

17、（可能是主语自己做，也可以是让别人做） ： （主语）遭遇/经历某种不幸的事教材原句1 于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could notbe used.句式仿写2 我们把机器修好了，结果我们按时完成了任务。We had the machine repaired, As a result we completed the task on time.2. Should have done (过去本应该做（而实际上未做）教材原句1 这个时候你本应该冷静下来，开

18、始做一些实质性的工作。This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing somesolid work.句式仿写你早就应该告诉我这个事故。You should have told me about the accident so before.3. Since 引导原因状语从句教材原句他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力， 他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most ofhis mus

19、cles, his world became one of abstract thought.句式仿写我永远在减肥，因为我很容易长胖。Im forever on a diet, since I put on weight easily.4. Once 引导的时间状语从句教材原句1错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非恒态理论是正确的。Once the mistakes were corrected , it showed that the Big Bang theorynot thesteady state theory was true.2 一旦钱花光了，我们就不知道该怎么做了。We didnt know how we would cope once the money had gone,