（2019版）新人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 1单元素养评估卷（一）（含答案）.doc

1、单元素养评估卷(一)时间:120 分钟分数:120 分第二部分阅读(共两节,满分 50 分)第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 37.5 分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWeve got a list of teen scientists from a variety of fields.Jack AndrakaJack Andraka created a biosensor for cancer that he says is 168 timesfaster, 26,667 times less expensive and 400 ti

2、mes more sensitive thantechnology nowadays.Hes the youngest person to have spoken in front of the RoyalSociety of Medicine.Taylor WilsonTaylor Wilson was the youngest person to achieve nuclear fusion(核聚变). He was inspired by The Radioactive Boy Scout, a novel in which akid tries and fails to build a

3、 nuclear reactor.Taylor thought he could do better. Long story short, he wanted tobuild a small nuclear reactor. And he did it at the age of fourteen. Hereceived a Thiel Fellowship, which gave him $100,000 to work on hisown research.Sara VolzSara Volz performed experiments in which she grew algae ba

4、sed ontheir oil output for the purpose of growing them as biofuel(生物燃料).This research is especially important as the world continues to search fora way to lessen our dependence on non-renewable energy. She won thetop prize of $100,000 in the Intel Science Talent Search.Daniel BurdPlastic usually tak

5、es thousands of years to decompose(降解), butthis high school student Daniel Burd managed to do it in three months.In an experiment, he mixed plastic bags and a special kind of dirttogether, and found that they did decompose faster. He then performedtests to find the bacteria responsible for decomposi

6、ng the plastics.His solution only produces water and small amounts of carbondioxide. He says it could easily be used elsewhere.21. Who designed a medical instrument?A. Sara Volz.B. Daniel Burd.C. JackAndraka.D. Taylor Wilson.22. What excited Taylor Wilsons interest in his invention?A.Anovel by a kid

7、.B. Plastic pollution.C. Energy shortage.D.Astorybook.23. What do we know about Daniel Burds invention?A. It won him a $100,000 prize.B. It is environmentally friendly.C. It was completed in three months.D. It is widely used for everyday waste.BMary Anning was an English fossil( 化 石 ) collector, dea

8、ler andpaleontologist(古生物学家). Her fossil hunting helped change the waypeople thought about the world.Mary was born into a poor family in England on May 21, 1799. Shelived in the seaside town of Lyme Regis, in Dorset. The family had ninechildren. Only Mary and her brother Joseph grew up. Marys father

9、 tookhis children along the beach. They picked up shells and stones to sell tovisitors. Mary did not go to school much. Her family was too poor. Andschools did not teach children about fossils. Mary could read and write.She taught herself. She learned about rocks and how bodies are made.In 1811 when

10、 Mary and Joseph were hunting fossils, Joseph saw abone sticking out of the rock. Mary had a hammer to chip away at therock. Very carefully she uncovered it. She found the first complete fossilof the ichthyosaur(鱼龙).Since then, Mary became crazy about fossil hunting. She liked tohunt on the beach af

11、ter a storm. The wind, rain and waves made the rockscrumble. It was easy to spot fossils. Most days Mary went fossil huntingwith her dog, Tray.Rich friends helped Mary by selling fossils for her. They sent hermoney. Scientists wrote letters and came to see her. One good friend wasWilliam Buckland, a

12、 professor at Oxford University. Mary also opened ashop to sell fossils, stones and shells. She chatted with visitors.Mary Anning died in 1847. How evolution( 进 化 ) works wasexplained by Charles Darwin not long after Mary died. Her fossils hadhelped scientists understand how things began.24. Why did

13、 Marys father take his children along the beach?A. To enjoy life.B. To make a living.C. To look for fossils.D. To teach them about fossils.25. What can we learn about Mary?A. Her father was a paleontologist.B. Her father educated her at home.C. She had nine brothers and sisters in all.D. She might b

14、e popular at that time.26. Who was the first one to catch sight of the rock containing the firstcomplete ichthyosaur fossil?A. Charles Darwin.B. Marys dog.C. Joseph.D. Mary.27. What does the underlined word “crumble” in the fourth paragraphmean?A. Break.B. Shake.C. Float.D. Dive.CScientists say a hu

15、ge percentage of bird species are in dangerbecause their habitats, or homelands, are disappearing.Traditional migration(迁徙) paths take birds through countries thatare not protecting the places for birds to stop, rest and feed. The scientistsstudied the migration or flight paths of almost 1,500 speci

16、es. Theydecided that 91 percent of them passed through dangerous areas.The major danger for migratory birds is development. Buildings andpavements have covered the places where birds stop and feed as theymove from one part of the world to another. One of the scientists whoworked on the study says ma

17、ny of these important places have been lostto land reclamation because of urban, industrial and agricultural landexpansion.The problem, according to scientists, is that many of these smallbirds die along their migration paths because they dont have a safe placeto feed and rest. There is no place to

18、restore(恢复) their energy for thenext part of their journey. Countries in North Africa, Central Asia andthose along the coasts of East Asia are having the most difficult time inprotecting land. The scientists say these countries do not have enoughareas that are safe for birds. One species that doesnt

19、 exist now is theEskimo curlew. “Our world gets poorer every time we lose a species,”one of the scientists says.The researchers say countries need to work together and come upwith safe stopping areas for birds that pass through their boundaries. Forexample, one country might have preserved safe zone

20、s for migratingbirds. But a neighbour country might not.Abird might die.One scientist who is not connected with the report tells Los AngelesTimes that while some habitats are changing, more work can be done tomake urban areas safe for birds.He says small changes, like planting more native plants or

21、keepingcats out of the areas birds would be likely to use, could make a bigdifference.28.Thedisappearanceofthebirdhabitatsismainlycausedby.A. developmentB. the change of climateC. filling seas to grow grainD. the loss of land and water29. What do the underlined words “land recla-mation” in paragraph

22、 3mean?A.Abusing the farming land.B. The disappearance of good land.C. Causing the land quality to get worse.D. Making land suitable for farming or building.30.Manybirdsdieonthewayofmigrationmainlybecausethey.A. are harmed by humansB. are killed by other animalsC. have to take a long journeyD. have

23、no safe place to rest and eat31.According to the researchers, how can we protect the migrating birds?A. By keeping fewer cats or dogs.B. By stopping the urban development.C. By helping change the birdsmigration paths.D. By preserving the local ecological environments.DIn this digital age, people mea

24、sure their popularity by the number oflikes and followers they get on social media. But as it turns out, peopleare happiest when their friends are high qualitynot high quantity.Scientists from the University of Leeds, UK, studied data from twoonline surveys of nearly 1,500 people. Those who took the

25、 survey gavedetails about their age, social interactions, and how satisfied they werewith their social lives. The researchers found that those who had a smallnumber of close friends generally tended to be happier than those whohad a large number of superficial(表面的) friends.“Loneliness has less to do

26、 with the number of friends you have,and more to do with how you feel about your friends,”said WandiBruine de Bruin, one of the researchers.Bruine de Bruin found that older people tended to have smallersocial circles than young people, but the people in these circles tended tobe closer to them.Young

27、er people, on the other hand, tended to have bigger circles thatwere made up of “peripheral(次要的) others”people who are not truefriends, but just people they know. These people had no influence on thehappiness of the younger surveyed.The results of the study show that the prejudice society has about

28、oldpeople being sad and lonely might not be accurate.“ The research shows that older adults smaller networks didntundermine(破坏) social satisfaction and well-being. In fact, older adultstend to report better well-being than younger adults,” said Bruine deBruin.32. According to the study, under what c

29、ondition are people likely to behappier?A. Having a lot of followers on social media.B. Being satisfied with their work and lives.C. Making friends with people who are older.D. Having a small circle of people who understand them well.33. What do we know from paragraphs 4 and 5?A. Older peoples frien

30、ds seem to be of higher quality.B. Young people dont need to make peripheral friends.C. Older peoples happiness has nothing to do with their friends.D. Both old and young people find it hard to make close friends.34. Which word might Bruine de Bruin use to describe older adults?A. Superficial.B. Hap

31、py.C. Lonely.D. Sad.35. What is the main topic of the passage?A. Different types of friends.B. Changes in peoples happiness levels.C. The relationship between happiness and the number of friends.D. Interactions between old and young people.第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 12.5 分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项

32、。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Succeed in ScienceTo succeed in science, you need a lot more than luck. In my view,you have to combine intelligence with willingness not to followconventions when they block your path forward. Thus, these have cometo be my rules for success.36That might sound proud, but the fact

33、is that you must always turn topeople who are brighter than yourself. Its like playing any game. Even asa child, I never wanted to play games with anyone who was as bad as Iwas. If you win, it gives you no pleasure. And in the game of science orlife, the highest goal isnt simply to win; its to win a

34、t something reallydifficult.37Take risks.To make a huge success, a scientist has to be prepared to get intodeep trouble. If you are going to make a huge jump in science, you willvery likely be unqualified to succeed by definition.38This can bemore than personally upsetting.Never do anything that bor

35、es you.My experience in science is that someone is always telling you to dothings, and then leave you alone. Im not good enough to do well insomething I dislike.39Its very hard to succeed if you dont want to be with otherscientistsyou have to go to key meetings where you find key facts thatwould hav

36、e escaped you. And you have to chat with your competitors,even if you find them unpleasant. So my final rule is:40A.Avoid foolish people.B. Meet challenges with great courage.C. In fact, I find it hard to do well in something I like.D. If you cant stand to be with your real peers, get out of science

37、.E. Be sure you always have someone to save you from a deep mess.F. Besides, you even have to be prepared to disbelieve your scientificheroes.G. Put another way, its to go somewhere beyond your ability andcome out on top.第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分 30 分)第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 15 分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可

38、以填入空白处的最佳选项。Nobody can inspire us like great teachers. They show us thingsabout ourselves we cant see. They see41in us that others,including ourselves cant or wont see.42they give us the courageto find our own way and enough guidance to show us that what we feel43is anything but that.When Bill44Seat

39、tles View Ridge Elementary School, he wasa really unattractive and shy fourth grader.45a kindly librariannamed Blanche Caffiere, he was able to come into his own in a way thatwould one day46his life forever. Bill sets the stage for this talelike this:“When I first met Mrs. Caffiere, she was the eleg

40、ant and engagingschool47, and I was a shy fourth grader. I was48trying to gounnoticed,becauseIhadsomebigshortcomings,liketerriblehandwriting . and I was trying to hide the49that I liked to readsomething that was cool for girls but not for boys . Mrs. Caffiere tookme under her wing.”He was grateful t

41、o Mrs. Caffiere for helping him become less50, which resulted from the true spirit of remarkable teaching. First sheencouraged Bills enthusiasm for reading by helping him explore itthrough the use of introspective(内省的) questions,51what heliked to read and why. Next, she would go out of her52to sourc

42、ebooks that were53more interesting and challenging for him.Finally, once hed read them, she would sit down with him and ask him ifhe liked what he had read, and more54what hed learned and why.“She basically55what I had to say,” Bill recalled.41.A. ambitionB. distinctionC. potentialD. discrimination4

43、2.A. Above allB. For instanceC. In consequenceD. By contrast43.A. unconditionalB. unbelievableC. incorrectD. impossible44.A. builtB. attendedC. designedD. finished45.A. Apart fromB. But forC. Thanks toD. Regardless of46.A. changeB. discoverC. enjoyD. create47.A. supporterB. librarianC. principalD. o

44、wner48.A. amazedlyB. desperatelyC. proudlyD. helplessly49.A. factB. conceptC. eventD. conclusion50.A. unattractiveB. typicalC. shyD. unnoticed51.A. together withB. instead ofC. such asD. as for52.A. businessB. houseC. wayD. office53.A. naturallyB. progressivelyC. frequentlyD. extraordinarily54.A. ho

45、nestlyB. seriouslyC. strictlyD. importantly55.A. listened toB. stuck toC. referred toD. turned to第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 15 分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。I used to work at a grocery store and this old lady would alwayscome in to do her shopping. Many of my co-workers did not like56.(help) thi

46、s old lady out to her car because she would talk57.a very long time about her life and my co-workers would losetheir 58.(patient) with her. So I decided to take her out to hercar and unload her groceries and in the process of doing so, I listened toher.She was 59.(basic) talking about her life. From

47、 thatconversation I learned that her two kids lived out of the state and herhusband 60.(die) two years ago. This old lady had no one to talkto. That was 61.she just wanted to talk to someone about herlife.After that conversation, she went back into the store and told myboss what 62.good employee I w

48、as. That made my day. But Ialso made her day because I took the time 63.(understand)why she always talked so much.Anytime an older person 64.(approach) you to talk, dontfeel uncomfortable about it because he/she has no one else to talk to.65.(be) kind and engage in a conversation with him/her and it

49、will make his/her day.第四部分写作(共两节,满分 40 分)第一节(满分 15 分)根据下面的提示,简要介绍杰出的科学家爱因斯坦。(1) 爱因斯坦(1879 年 3 月 14 日1955 年 4 月18 日)出生于德国;(2) 其相对论(Theory of Relativity)闻名于世,1921 年获得诺贝尔物理学奖;(3) 年少时害羞,不喜欢上学,不喜欢与人交往,一生中多数时间喜欢独处,喜欢音乐;(4) 不看重金钱,热爱和平,致力于人权和社会进步。注意:(1) 词数 80 左右;(2) 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。Albert Einstein is one of

50、 the 20th centurys greatest scientists. Hewas born on March 14, 1879 in Germany, and died onApril 18, 1955.No wonderAlbert Einstein is an outstanding and respectable scientist!第二节(满分 25 分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。When I was 9 years old, I used to cut grass for Mrs. Long. Theelderly lady