（2019版）新人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 4Learning about Language ppt课件.pptx

1、Section BSection BLearning about LanguageLearning about Language分析下列例句中过去分词与动词-ing形式的功能。（1）I have visited the science museum three times.（2）A research is being conducted by a group of young scientists. （3）We are having an English class at the moment.完成时态被动语态进行时态When youre bored at work, its time to

2、take a vacation.Everyone cheered when the exciting news came.Bored at home, he decided to go to a movie.Having lived in the UK for three years, he can speak English like a Briton.作表语作定语作状语作状语1. 过去分词和动词-ing形式作表语时，过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，而动词-ing形式则表示主动关系。如：We were amazed to find that no one was hurt.我们很惊讶地发

3、现竟没有人受伤。By the way, the machine is simply amazing.顺便提一句，这台机器简直太了不起了。Do you feel frightened when walking home alone in the dark?你在黑夜单独走路回家会感到害怕吗？Walking home alone in the dark can be frightening.在黑夜单独走路回家可能是很可怕的。2. 过去分词和动词-ing形式作状语时，一般在句子中表示时间、原因或伴随状态等。过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，往往含有完成义，而动词-ing形式则表示主动关系。如：See

4、n from the hill, the city looks magnificent.从山上看时，这座城市非常美。Seeing the police, he made a run for the exit.一看到警察他就向出口奔去。Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds.在他事迹的影响下，他们做了无数的好事。He sat at the table, reading a magazine. 他坐在桌子旁看杂志。1. 过去分词可放在连系动词be，get，feel，remain，seem，look，become等

5、之后作表语，表示主语所处的情绪或状态。He seemed quite delighted at the news.听到那个消息他似乎很高兴。The door remained locked.门仍然锁着。2. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别“be +过去分词”表示状态时，是系表结构，此时的过去分词通常已形容词化；表示动作时，是被动语态，且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。The book is well written.这本书写得很好。（系表结构，强调主语所处的状态）The book was written by Mo Yan.这本书是莫言写的。（被动语态，强调主语所承受的动作）3.

6、 英语中有很多与感觉有关的使令动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词表示被动意义，即“感到的”，多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有：amazing令人惊讶的 amazed惊讶的surprising令人吃惊的 surprised吃惊的exciting令人激动的 excited激动的astonishing令人惊讶的 astonished感到惊讶的 inspiring鼓舞人心的 inspired受鼓舞的disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged受鼓舞的interesting有

7、趣的 interested感兴趣的frightening令人害怕的 frightened受惊的moving感人的 moved感动的pleasing令人高兴的 pleased高兴的shocking令人震惊的 shocked感到震惊的tiring令人疲惫的 tired疲惫的worrying令人担心的 worried担心的satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的 puzzling令人迷惑的 puzzled困惑的注意：有些使令动词，如dress，seat，absorb等，其过去分词无论作定语还是表语，都无被动的意味。因为dress oneself in等于 be dressed i

8、n；seat oneself on等于 be seated on；absorb oneself in等于be absorbed in。这种现象缘于反身代词的用法：主语和宾语为同一人，主语是动作的发出者，又是动作的承受者，这就出现了被动语态或过去分词不表示“被动”的语言现象。过去分词（短语）作状语，表示动作发生的背景或情况，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。过去分词（短语）在句中作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。1. 表示时间过去分词（短语）作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。Asked about his impression of the apartment, he made no

9、 answer.= When he was asked about his impression of the apartment, he made no answer.当被问到他对公寓的印象时，他没有回答。2. 表示原因过去分词（短语）作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。Seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hospital.= Because he was seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hospital.由于他伤得很严重，只能把他送到医院。Deeply moved by the

10、story, the children began to cry.= Because they were deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.由于被这个故事深深地感动了，孩子们哭了起来。3. 表示条件过去分词（短语）作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。United, we stand; divided, we fall.= If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。4. 表示让步过去分词（短语）作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。Reje

11、cted many times, he didnt lose heart.= Though he was rejected many times, he didnt lose heart.他虽然被拒绝了多次，但并没有失去信心。5. 表示方式或伴随过去分词（短语）作方式或伴随状语，可以转换成一个并列句。The boy slid out of his room, followed by his pet dog.= The boy slid out of his room and was followed by his pet dog.那个男孩溜出了房间，后面跟着他的宠物狗。注意：（1）过去分词（短

12、语）作状语，前面可以带有相应的连词（词组），如when，until， though，although，as if，as though，if，unless等，表时间、让步、方式、条件等。When（they are）exposed to light, potatoes will turn green.马铃薯在光的照射下会变绿。（2）句子主语和过去分词（短语）之间是被动关系，和现在分词（短语）之间是主动关系。试比较：Caught in a heavy rain, he was late for the interview.由于碰上了一场大雨，所以他面试迟到了。Looking out of the w

13、indow, I saw some students sweeping up the bits of paper.朝窗外望去，我看见一些学生正在清扫纸屑。（3）过去分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。如果主语不一致，要在分词前加上逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。If caught, the police will punish the thief.（）If caught, the thief will be punished by the police（）小偷如果被抓，会受到警方的惩罚。The boy rushed into the classroom, his face cove

14、red with sweat.（his face是分词covered的逻辑主语）那个男孩跑进教室，脸上全是汗。（4）有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示主语的某种情绪或状态。常见的这类形容词化的过去分词有satisfied，surprised，interested，moved，worried，pleased，disappointed等。Disappointed at the examination result，the girl stood there without saying a word.因为对考试成绩很失望，那个女孩站在那儿一句话也没说。语态语态及用及用法法主动主动被动被动用法用法动

15、词动词- -inging形形式式一般式完成式一般式完成式主语 宾语表语定语状语补语doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done过去过去分词分词done1. Both he and I are _ (satisfy) with the result.2. She accepted the gift, deeply _ (move).3. _ (fill) with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left.4. Once _ (pour), water cannot be taken back.5. _ (see) those pictures, he couldnt help thinking of those days in his hometown.6. The news was _ and they were all _ at it. (excite)7. We all felt _ at the _ news. (encourage)satisfiedmovedFilledpouredSeeingexcitingexcited encouragingencouraged