同位语从句2-课件-2022届高三英语语法知识复习.pptx

1、 名词性从句名词性从句 noun clause 主语从句主语从句subject clause 宾语从句宾语从句object clause 表语从句表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句同位语从句appositive clause同位语从句同位语从句究竟是什么？究竟是什么？I have a suggestion.suggestion: you should treat me more gently 同位语从句同位语从句究竟是什么？究竟是什么？I have a suggestion.suggestion: you should treat me more gentlyI have

2、 a suggestion you should treat me more gently.that同位语从句同位语从句究竟是什么？究竟是什么？I have a dream.dream: I can get more pocket money 同位语从句同位语从句究竟是什么？究竟是什么？I have a dream.dream: I can get more pocket moneyI have a dream I can get more pocket money.that同位语从句同位语从句究竟是什么？究竟是什么？I have a question.question: why there

3、are so many pimples on your face news plan suggestion fact turth evidence promisebelief thought idea decision order requirementrequest demand advice同位语从句同位语从句究竟是什么？究竟是什么？I have a question.question: why there are so many pimples on your faceI have a question why there are so many pimples on your face

4、.同位语从句同位语从句 学习内容学习内容一、同位语一、同位语 理解什么是同位语，在句子中能识别理解什么是同位语，在句子中能识别二、同位语从句二、同位语从句1.1.会识别同位语从句会识别同位语从句2.2.掌握引导同位语从句的连接词掌握引导同位语从句的连接词, ,会正确选用会正确选用 ( (重点重点) )3.3.注意事项注意事项 1)1)分隔式同位语从句分隔式同位语从句 2)2)一坚持二命令三建议四要求一坚持二命令三建议四要求( (虚拟语气虚拟语气) ) 3) 3)doubt三、同位语从句和定语从句的区别三、同位语从句和定语从句的区别 ( (难点难点) )一、同位语一、同位语同位语同位语: : 两

5、个成分两个成分处于同一位置，说明同一事物或人，处于同一位置，说明同一事物或人，作解释说明的成分叫作同位语作解释说明的成分叫作同位语。这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）充当，这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）充当，同位语同位语通常通常皆放在其所说明的名词（代词）之皆放在其所说明的名词（代词）之后后。1) Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。2) We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerf

6、ul and prosperous country.我们中国人民决心将中国建成一个强大的繁荣的国家。我们中国人民决心将中国建成一个强大的繁荣的国家。同位语同位语 I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.同位语从句同位语从句二、同位语从句二、同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句在句中充当在句中充当同位语同位语成分，其一般跟在成分，其一般跟在一些一些抽象名词抽象名词(idea, belief, fact, truth, problem,news等等) )后面，对名词作进一步后

7、面，对名词作进一步解释说明解释说明, ,可以把可以把它看做是这些它看做是这些名词的内容名词的内容。1. 同位语从句的识别同位语从句的识别 1) (课文课文L3)The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.2) (课文课文L9)Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5，500 kilometres from coas

8、t to coast.3) (课文课文L26)The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.4) They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again.5) We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun.6) The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us

9、.7) They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.8) The problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.总结：总结：1.1.同位语从句的格式：同位语从句的格式：n.+ 连接词连接词 + + 从句从句2.2.能接同位语从句的名词有：能接同位语从句的名词有：fact, idea, news, belief, thought, truth, suggestion, advice, problem, question, information

10、, evidence, hope等等3.3.连接词通常是连接词通常是that, ,也可根据也可根据含义含义选用以下连接词引导选用以下连接词引导同位语从句。同位语从句。1) 1) 从属连词从属连词 that, whether2) 2) 连接代词连接代词 what, who等等3) 3) 连接副词连接副词 how, why 等等引导名词性从句的引导名词性从句的连接词连接词可分为可分为3类类:1) 从属连词从属连词: that, whether (不作成分不作成分, 只起只起连接连接作用作用, that无意无意, whether是否是否)2) 连接代词连接代词: what, which, who,

11、whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever (作成分，起连接作用，有实意作成分，起连接作用，有实意)3) 连接副词连接副词: when, where, how, why (作状语，起连接作用，有实意作状语，起连接作用，有实意)做题方法：做题方法：1.1.如果从句中如果从句中缺少成分缺少成分, , 选用选用连接代词连接代词, , 根据句子所要表达的意思选定其中一个。根据句子所要表达的意思选定其中一个。2.2.如果从句中如果从句中不缺成分不缺成分，则从，则从从属连词和连接副词从属连词和连接副词里选里选, , 根据句子所要表达的根据句子所要

12、表达的 意思选定其中一个。意思选定其中一个。2. 掌握掌握引导同位语从句的引导同位语从句的连接词连接词1) 从属从属连词连词that和和whether We are very excited at the news that our Chinese athletes won many gold medals. The fact that the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing worries us all.做题方法：做题方法：做考查同位语从句连接词选择的题时做考查同位语从句连接词选择的题时, 首先要找准题干中首先

13、要找准题干中的中心名词的中心名词, 然后结合语境和句子结构然后结合语境和句子结构, 判断出从句中缺判断出从句中缺少什么成分少什么成分, 根据根据“缺什么补什么缺什么补什么, 什么也不缺就用什么也不缺就用that”的的原则来选择连接词，如：原则来选择连接词，如： 缺少缺少时间时间状语就用状语就用when, 缺少缺少地点地点状语就用状语就用where, 缺少缺少方式方式状语就用状语就用how, 所填词表示所填词表示“是否是否”就用就用whether 所填词既所填词既无具体意义也不作成分无具体意义也不作成分就用就用that练习练习1. The thought _ he might fail in t

14、he exam worried him.2. John left you a message _ he would pick you up at 6 oclock.3. They expressed the hope _ they could come to China soon.4. Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport?5. - Do you still believe in your roommate? - Yes. I always hold the belief _he is honest fel

15、low.6. The manager put forward a suggestion _we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.7. I made a promise to myself _this year, my first year in high school, would be different. thatthatthatthatthatthatthat从属连词从属连词 whetherThe problem whether well build another school hasnt been sett

16、led. The problem whether well build another school hasnt been settled. The question whether we need more time to do the work is not clear.练习练习1) He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.2) My question _ I could operate the machine has not been answered.3) We havent settled the quest

17、ion if it is necessary for him to study abroad. whetherwhetherwhetherif 不能不能引导引导同位语从句同位语从句2) 连接代词连接代词和和连接副词连接副词连接代词连接代词(what, who, which等等)和连接副词和连接副词(when, why, where等等)都具有都具有实际意义实际意义, 同时在同位语从句中同时在同位语从句中作成分作成分, 一般不省略。一般不省略。 I have no idea what he is doing now. I have no idea who will take the place

18、of Tom. I have no idea when theyll be back and settle down. 连接代词连接代词: what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever , whomever1) The problem_ city we are going to, Qingdao or Dalian, is not decided.2) The manager didnt answer the question _ would take his place. 3) Do you have any idea

19、 _ is actually going on in the classroom?4) The question _ should do the work requires consideration.whichwhowhatwho连接副词连接副词: when where how why1) I have no idea _the project will be finished.2) I have no idea _ the journalist could have got his information.3) I have no idea _the cell phone isnt wor

20、king, so could you fix it for me?4) The reason _ he resigned from the board was not clear.whenwherewhywhy3. 注意事项注意事项1) 分隔式同位语从句分隔式同位语从句 The question who should do the work requires consideration. His promise was along with the letter that he would visit me this coming Christmas.信中他承诺在即将到来的圣诞节他将拜访我。信

21、中他承诺在即将到来的圣诞节他将拜访我。定义定义: 同位语从句同位语从句不紧跟在它所修饰的名词后面不紧跟在它所修饰的名词后面, 而是被而是被别的词隔开别的词隔开, 这种从句叫这种从句叫分隔式同位语从句分隔式同位语从句。这种分隔。这种分隔主要出于修辞原因，即为了保持句子结构平衡。主要出于修辞原因，即为了保持句子结构平衡。The story goes that the lost child has gone abroad.据说那个丢失的孩子出国了。据说那个丢失的孩子出国了。分隔式同位语从句分隔式同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句He is the man whose car was stolen.He

22、drove too fast, which was dangerous.Exercise:1) The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these days. 2) Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.3) News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University

23、.thatthatthat2) 表示表示“建议、命令、要求建议、命令、要求”的名词的名词(如如suggestion, advice, proposal建议建议, demand, request, requirement要求等要求等)后接后接同位语从句同位语从句时，从句使用时，从句使用虚拟语气虚拟语气，谓语用，谓语用“(should) + 动词原形动词原形”结构。结构。 Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the computer. I made the suggestion that the meeting (should)

24、be brought to an end.宾从：宾从：I suggest that you _ (study) hard.表从：表从：My suggestion is that you _(study) hard.主从：主从：It is suggested that you _ (study) hard.同从同从: She made the suggestion that you _ (study) hard.studystudystudystudy 一坚持一坚持 insist 二命令二命令 order, command 三建议三建议 advise, suggest, propose 四要求四

25、要求 require, request, demand, desire There is no doubt _ she is not fit for the job. I have some doubt _ he is the best man for the job.thatwhether3)当当doubt(疑惑疑惑)作作名词名词用时用时, 前面若有前面若有no修饰修饰(即用在即用在否否定句定句中中), 其后面其后面同位语从句连接词用同位语从句连接词用that,反之用反之用whether There was doubt whether he would be well enough to p

26、lay. 他他是否是否够资格参赛仍不确定。够资格参赛仍不确定。 I have no doubt that hell cheer up at the news. 我确定，他听到这个消息会振奋起来。我确定，他听到这个消息会振奋起来。三、三、同位语从句同位语从句与与定语从句定语从句的区别的区别同位语从句同位语从句: 对前面的名词起对前面的名词起解释说明解释说明作用，二者之间是作用，二者之间是 同位关系同位关系定语从句定语从句: 对前面的名词起对前面的名词起修饰限定修饰限定作用作用, 说明先行词的说明先行词的性质或特性质或特 征征, 二者之间是二者之间是修饰与被修饰修饰与被修饰的关系。的关系。eg:1

27、) He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first.2) The suggestion that he had put forward was turn down.3) The news that Tom would go abroad was told by him.4) The news that you heard is not true. 同位语从句同位语从句他提出的他提出的建议建议定语从句定语从句他提出建议他提出建议, 建议是建议是同位语从句同位语从句你听到的你听到的消息消息定语从句定语从句区别区别定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句1.修饰与限定修饰与限定前面的名词前面的名词 解释说明解释说明前面名词的内容前面名词的内容2.名词的种类无限制名词的种类无限制名词一般是名词一般是抽象名词抽象名词3.that 起连接作用起连接作用,作成分作成分 that 只起连接作用只起连接作用,无意思无意思 不作成分不作成分