（2019版）新人教版选择性必修第三册英语Unit 5 重点单词、短语及句式精讲课文重点小结.docx

1、Unit 5 课文重点单词、短语及句式随堂练习课文重点单词、短语及句式随堂练习Part I 课文重点单词课文重点单词1. basis n基础；根据；基点基础；根据；基点【例句】The book was written on the basis of careful observations and detailed studies.这本书是在仔细观察与细致研究的基础上撰写的。Were going to meet there on a regular basis.我们将定期在那里会面。She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifica

2、tions.她因资历适合而获选担任这项工作。【归纳拓展】(1) on the basis of 在某事的基础上；根据某事on a regular basis 定期地，经常地on a daily basis 每天(2) base n.基部，基础，基地；总部vt.以为基础；基地设在base.on/upon.使以为基础be based on/upon 以为基础air base 空军基地(3) basic adj.基本的；基础的；最初级的basically adv.基本上；大体上；从根本上说单句语法填空单句语法填空_ the basis of those facts, we can reach the

3、 following conclusion.The book is based _ a true story.There have been some problems but _(base) its a good system.2apologizevi.道歉；谢罪道歉；谢罪【例句】I think you should apologize to your brother.我觉得你应该给你弟弟赔个不是。We apologize for the late departure of this flight.本航班起飞延迟，谨致歉意。I apologized to her for stepping o

4、n her foot carelessly.我因不小心踩了她的脚而向她道歉。【归纳拓展】(1) apologize to sb.向某人道歉apologize for doing sth.为做了某事道歉apologize to sb. for doing sth.为做了某事向某人道歉(2) apology n. C道歉；赔罪make an apology to sb. for sth.因某事向某人道歉accept/refuse ones apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉owe sb.an apology 应向某人道歉单句语法填空单句语法填空I must make an _(apologize

5、) to him for not going to his party.He smiled politely as Mary _(apology) for her drunken friends.She should apologize _ her desk mate for her bad behaviour.3. ignore vt.忽视；对忽视；对不予理会不予理会【例句】I was walking near to wave, but he stood there, ignoring me.我走近去和他招手，但他站在那里不理我。You should not ignore your mist

6、akes if you want to make greater progress.你如果想取得更大的进步，就不应该忽视你的错误。【归纳拓展】ignore sb./sth.不理睬某人/不知道某事物ignorant adj.无知的；不知道的be ignorant of/about sth.不知道be ignorant that 不知某事ignorance n.无知；愚昧be in ignorance of/about sth.不知道；对无知The workers were kept in complete ignorance of the companys financial situation

7、.公司对工人隐瞒财务状况，他们对财务的事情一无所知。Im afraid Im rather ignorant about computers.我恐怕对电脑一无所知。单句语法填空单句语法填空Excuse my _(ignore), but how does this machine work?Hes ignorant _ the dangers of too much sun.4. judge vt.& vi.评价；评判；判断评价；评判；判断n.法官；审判员；裁判员法官；审判员；裁判员【例句】You should never judge a person by his look.绝不要以貌取人。

8、Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.从他所说的来判断，他一定是个诚实的人。As far as I can judge, its wrong that he should not be punished for what he did.据我判断，他的所作所为竟不受惩罚，这是不对的。【归纳拓展】(1) judging by/from 从判断judge sb./sth.by/from 从来判断某人/某物as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为Judge a book by its cover.以貌取人。(2) j

9、udgment(judgement) n裁决；判决make a judg(e) ment about 对作出判断in ones judgement 在某人看来【误区警示】judging by/from.作状语时，是独立成分，不受主语的影响和限制。有类似用法的还有：generally/exactly/frankly/honestly speaking 一般地/确切地/坦率地/诚实地说considering(that)考虑到；鉴于providing/provided(that)假如；倘若单句语法填空单句语法填空_(judge) from the number of cars, he thought

10、 there were not many people at theclub yet.Judging _ what you said, Im afraid you are wrong.Many of the scientists and engineers _(judge) in terms of how great theirachievements are.Id prefer to reserve my _(judge) until I find all the evidence.Facing these strict _(judge), the interviewee felt very

11、 nervous._ her judgement, it was a wrong thing to give children so much pocket money.5. scene n(戏剧或歌剧的戏剧或歌剧的)场；现场；场面；景色场；现场；场面；景色【例句】This play has three acts, and each act has three scenes.这部剧分三幕，每一幕有三场。Would you like to enjoy the scenes in the mountains with me?你愿意与我一起欣赏山区的风光吗？The scene in the hosp

12、ital was very moving.医院的那一场面十分感人。【归纳拓展】on the scene 在现场；当场behind the scenes 在幕后；暗中appear/come to the scene 到场【名师点津】scene：表示“场景；场面；地点”，且在定语从句中作状语时，关系词一般用 where 引导。view：多指从远处或高处等某个角度所看见的“景物；景致”scene：除表示“景物，景致”外，还有“场面”之意，大多包括人及人的活动在内scenery: 指一个地区全部的自然景色，如高山、森林、溪谷等，是不可数名词sight: 指人们游览观光的风景，尤指人文景观，也可指“情景

13、；景象；视力”写出下列句中写出下列句中 scene 的含义的含义While we were walking towards the scene, Tennyson became very worried about what hadhappened to the elderly couple._She stared at the lively street scene out of the window._The scene of the film reminded me of those happy days that we spent together in thecountryside

14、last summer holiday._单句语法填空单句语法填空This passage describes a scene _ childrens playing in the snow.Doctors were _ the scene soon after the traffic accident, helping the injured passengers.Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered thescene _ people were eaten

15、 by the tiger.用 scenery, scene, view 和 sight 完成语段Every year, plenty of people go to see the_ of Beijing. This summer vacation myparents also decided to take me there. On the way to Beijing, we stopped our car again and againto enjoy the _.After arriving in Beijing, we lived at the 13th floor of a ho

16、tel fromwhose window we had a better _ of the city. We did have a good time in Beijing. But onthe way back home, we saw the _ of an accident, so my mother and I kept reminding myfather to drive with caution.6. spot vt.看见；注意到；发现看见；注意到；发现 n地点；处所；斑点；污迹地点；处所；斑点；污迹【例句】She said she spotted my wallet on a

17、bus seat.她说她在一个公共汽车座位上发现了我的钱包。I spotted the differences between the two pictures.我看了这两幅画的不同之处。There was a big damp spot on the wall.墙上有一大块水渍。We ought to find out the views of the people on the spot.我们应当了解一下在现场的那些人的看法。【归纳拓展】(1) spot sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事(2) on the spot 在现场；当场；立即(3) spotted adj.有花点的；

18、有斑点的be spotted with 满是斑点【名师点津】spot 用作先行词时，其后的定语从句通常用 where 引导。写出下列句中写出下列句中 spot 的含义的含义Some of the spots on your trousers are hard to remove. _I read through the first page of the book and spotted a spelling mistake. _Fortunately，a man made an offer to take him around the different spots. _单句语法填空单句语法

19、填空The police spotted him _(drive) a stolen car.He decided to provide the homeless with food for free _ the spot.She wears a black skirt with some white _(spot).单句写作单句写作I _(发现她隐藏) the receipt in her handbag.The night sky _(满是斑点) twinkling stars.7. sort n种类；类别种类；类别【例句】What sort of music do you like be

20、st，pop or classical?你喜欢哪种音乐流行的还是古典的？There are all sorts of activities for kids at the campsite.在营地有为孩子们组织的各种各样的活动。She sort of pretends that she doesnt really care.她摆出一副并不真正在乎的样子。【归纳拓展】(1) all sorts of 各种各样的a sort of.(表示不十分准确)近似于，有点像是sort of(kind of)有点，有几分(置于动词、形容词、副词之前)(2) sort vt.& vi.分类；整理sort out

21、 分类；整理；解决；处理sort.into 把整理成Quickly sort them all out.快把它们分类拣出来。I sorted the books into big ones and small ones.我把这些书整理成大的和小的两类。We must sort out the good apples from the bad.咱们得把好苹果拣出来，同坏的分开。【易混辨析】sort: 指大体相似的东西，有时用于贬义判断kind: 指同种类的东西type: 指同类型的东西species: 指同物种的东西单句语法填空单句语法填空To be honest, she spent a wh

22、ole afternoon _(sort)out the green beans from thered ones.That made me feel sort _ stupid.Rubbish can easily be separated and sorted _ plastics, glass and paper.You can use the computer _ the newspaper articles by date.8. patience n耐心；忍耐力；毅力耐心；忍耐力；毅力【例句】She has been out of patience with his rudeness

23、.她已经对他的粗鲁忍无可忍了。He walked so slowly that his brother lost patience with him.他走得太慢，以至于他哥哥对他失去了耐心。Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with patience.无论什么时候我犯错，老师都耐心地指出来。I dont have the patience to do jigsaw puzzles.我没有耐性玩拼图游戏。I had no patience with these naughty children.我对这些淘气的孩子没有耐心

24、了。【归纳拓展】(1) be out of patience with 对不能再忍受have the patience to do sth.做某事有耐性have/lose patience with 对有/失去耐心单句语法填空单句语法填空Fishing is a hobby which calls for a great deal of _ (patient), which I dont have.He has little patience _ people who talk too much.She is patient with her _(patient)；she always loo

25、ks after them_(patient).He was very _(patience) with students who could not follow him.9. beneath adv.&prep.在在(或往或往)下面；在下面；在的表面之下的表面之下【例句】Joe enjoyed feeling the warm sand beneath her feet.乔很喜欢脚下踩着温暖沙子的感觉。He was standing on the bridge looking at the river beneath.他站在桥上，看着下面的河水。【易混辨析】beneath 表示“在正下方”

26、，两者接触，与 on 相对below 不强调在正下方，两者不接触，与 above 相对under 强调在正下方，两者不接触，与 over 相对选词填空选词填空(beneath/below/under)Some kids sat _ the tree playing games.Lucy enjoyed feeling the warm sand _ her feet.The sun sank _ the horizon.Part 02 短语精讲短语精讲1. in return 作为回报；作为回应作为回报；作为回应【例句】They let us use their computers，and i

27、n return we give them the results of our research.他们让我们使用他们的电脑，作为回报，我们给他们提供我们的研究成果。The little girl gave me a big hug in return for my help.这个小女孩给了我一个大大的拥抱以回报我的帮助。【归纳拓展】(1) in return for 作为对的回报on ones return 某人一回来(2) return sth.to sb.return sb.sth.归还某人某物return to 回到return to normal 恢复正常【名师点津】常见“inn.”

28、短语in case 以防万一in advance 事先；提前in danger 处于危险中in order 井井有条in place 在正确位置in reality/fact 事实上【易混辨析】in turn VS in returnin turn: 按顺序；转而；反过来in return: 作为回报选词填空选词填空(in return/in turn)People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this _creates further problems. While stayin

29、g in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagerswithout asking for anything _.2. make a bet 打个赌打个赌【例句】We had a bet on the outcome of the next race.我们就下次比赛的结果打了一个赌。Oliver made a bet that they would win the football match.奥利弗打赌他们会赢那场足球赛。Roderick made a bet on who would win

30、 the race.罗德里克就谁会赢得比赛打了一个赌。【归纳拓展】(1) for a bet 为了打赌win/lose a bet 赢/输一场赌局(2) bet n. C赌；打赌 vi.& vt. 打赌；赌钱；敢说；八成儿I bet.我敢说；我确信You bet！当然！一定！单句语法填空单句语法填空I hear youre betting _ whether shell marry him.I did it _ a bet.单句写作单句写作Weve _(打个赌) on whos going to arrive first._(我敢说) it will rain tomorrow.Going t

31、o watch the Womens Volleyball Match on Wednesday?_(当然)! Will you go with me?3. as a matter of fact 事实上；其实；说真的事实上；其实；说真的【例句】As a matter of fact, I was the one who did it.其实，做这件事的人就是我。As a matter of fact, he is telling lies.事实上，他在说谎。【归纳拓展】(1)“事实上，实际上”的其他表达方式：actuallyin effectin factin practicein reali

32、tyin truth(2) matter 构成的其他搭配：to make matters worse 更糟糕的是Its a matter of.这是一个的问题。Whats the matter(with sb./sth.)？(某人/某物)怎么了？单句语法填空单句语法填空_ a matter of fact, I knew him when we were in college.Growing vegetables looks easy, but _(actual) it takes a lot of learning.Outwardly she seemed confident but in

33、_(real) she felt extremely nervous.4. by accident 偶然地；意外地偶然地；意外地【例句】We met by accident at the railway station.我们在火车站偶然相遇。As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident.事实上，我是偶然到英国的。【归纳拓展】关于“偶然地”的表达by accidentby chanceby accident关于“故意地”的表达on purposeby designdeliberately单句语法填空单句语法填空It was done n

34、ot _ accident but _ purpose.She gave away the secret _(accident) due to panic.I dont know whether this happened _ chance or _ design.In my opinion, Susan hurt my feelings _(deliberate) rather than _accident as she insisted.5. to be honest 说实话；坦率地说说实话；坦率地说【例句】To be honest, I dont think we have a chan

35、ce of winning.说实话，我认为我们没有获胜的可能。To be honest, I have no time to do it.老实说，我没有时间做这件事情。【归纳拓展】(1) honestly speaking 老实说to tell you the truth 说实话，老实说(2) 英语中表示“说”的短语：generally speaking 一般来说to be exactexactly speaking 确切地说to be frankfrankly speaking 坦率地说in general 一般来说in other words 换句话说or rather 更确切地说to s

36、um up 概括地说that is 也就是说【名师点津】to be honest 为不定式作独立成分， 在句中作插入语。 常见的还有 to be exact 确切地说； to tellyouthe truth 老实告诉你；to begin/start with 首先等。单句语法填空单句语法填空_ be honest, I dont know if he broke the window on purpose._(honest) speaking, thats all the money I have.单句写作单句写作_(老实说), I have been dreaming offorming

37、a band.She has worked at the bank for many years, nine, _ _(确切地说).6. be about to do sth.即将或正要即将或正要(做某事做某事)【例句】I was about to go out when my mum called me.我正要外出时，妈妈叫住了我。There is about to be a huge party in our school.在我们学校将有一场大型联欢会。【归纳拓展】be about to do.when.正要做这时had just done.when.刚做完某事，这时be doing.wh

38、en.正在做这时be on the point of doing.when.正要做这时I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came.我正要出门，一位不速之客来访了。I had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.我刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。He was reading newspapers when he heard his name called.他正在读报，这时听到有人叫他的名字。The thief was on the point of putting his hand into

39、the ladys handbag when the bus suddenlystopped.小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提袋中，这时公共汽车突然停了。【名师点津】在上面的句式中，when 用作并列连词，意为“这时”。单句语法填空单句语法填空He _(sleep) when there was a knock at the door.I was about to go out _ someone knocked at the door.We had just begun to work _ the machine broke down.Part 03 句型精讲句型精讲1. What would

40、 you do if you were in her situation?如果你处在她的处境你会怎么做？(1)句式分析：句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是 What would you do；从句是 if you were in hersituation。此处 if 引导的虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的假设。从句的谓语形式为 were，而主句的谓语形式是“would动词原形”。(2)虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法不同虚拟条件下，虚拟条件句的主、从句谓语形式一览表：从句谓语形式主句谓语形式与过去事实相反had过去分词would/could/should/mighthave过去分词与现在事实相

41、反过去式(be 动词一般用 were)would/could/should/might动词原形与将来情况相反A. 过去式(be 动词一般用 were)B. were to动词原形C. should动词原形would/could/should/might动词原形He wouldnt feel so cold if he stayed indoors.他要是待在室内就不会觉得这么冷了。(与现在事实相反)If we hadnt made adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful.如果我们没有做充分的准备

42、，这次会议是不会开得这么成功的。(与过去事实相反)IsAnne coming tomorrow?安妮明天会来吗？If she were to come, she would call me.她如果要来的话，就会打电话给我的。(与将来情况相反)单句语法填空单句语法填空If he had not been addicted to the cell phone when walking, he wouldnt _(get)hit by a car.(2020江苏七市调研)Ted has never been so rude!You wouldnt have been so angry if he _

43、(make) an apology for it, but I guess hedidnt mean that.If I had the chance, I _(start) a business that would benefitmy classmates at my university.If I _(see) her next Monday, I would tell her about it.Sorry, I am very busy now. If I _(have) time, I would certainly go to the movies withyou.If we _(

44、take) another road, we wouldnt have been stuck in the traffic jam for solong.If I _(be) you, I would pay more attention to English idioms and phrases.2.About a month ago, I was sailing, and towards night I found myself carried out to sea by astrong wind.大约一个月前，我正在航行，天快黑的时候，我发现我被一阵强风刮到了海里。(1)句式分析：句式分

45、析：这是一个简单句，由并列连词 and 连接。I found myself carried out to sea by astrong wind.属于“find宾语宾语补足语”结构。(2)find 复合结构的常见形式：find名词/代词(to be)形容词/副词/名词。意为“发现某人/某物”，to be 常可省略掉。I find this job (to be) very exciting.我发现这份工作令人兴奋。She found Jack (to be) an honest man.她发现杰克是个诚实的人。find名词/代词介宾短语。He found a stranger in the r

46、oom.他发现房间里有个陌生人。find名词/代词现在分词。意为“发现某人/某物一直”，可表示主动和进行。She found a wallet lying on the ground.她发现地上有一个钱包。find名词/代词过去分词。意为“发现某人/某物被”，可表示被动和完成。He found his dog hidden in the bush.他发现他的狗藏在灌木丛中。find it形容词to do。it 是形式宾语，代替真正的宾语 to do。We find it hard to learn English grammar.我们发现学英语语法很难。【名师点津】(1)“find宾语宾语补足

47、语”结构中，当宾语是不定式短语、动词-ing 形式或从句时，常用 it 作形式宾语，将真正的宾语置于宾语补足语之后。I find it easy that we climb up to the top of the mountain.我发现我们爬上山顶很容易。(2) 若“find宾语宾语补足语”结构变为被动形式，则原来的宾语变成主语，宾补变成主补。单句语法填空单句语法填空The little boy was very pleased to find the bottle _(fill) with water.Its quite common to find her _(read) the ne

48、wspaper.I find the life in the countryside _(peace).She woke up and found herself _ a hospital.The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other.He was found _(cheat) in the final examination.3.And it was the ship that brought you to England.正是那艘船把你带到了英国。(1)句式分析句式

49、分析： 这是一个简单句， 使用了强调句型， “It is/ was. that.” ， 强调了主语 the ship。(2)强调句型的基本用法说明：基本结构：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他被强调部分：主语、宾语和大部分状语it 和 that/who: it 没有词义；强调任何成分都可用 that, 强调人时还可用 whoIt is I that/who am wrong.是我错了。(强调主语 I)It was here that I lost my watch.我是在这儿丢的手表。(强调地点状语 here)It was yesterday that we attended a

50、 concert.我们是昨天参加的音乐会。(强调时间状语 yesterday)【归纳拓展】强调句型的特殊形式有：一般疑问式：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他？Was it Jim that/who bought the book?买书的是吉姆吗？特殊疑问式：疑问词is/was it that其他？What is it that he wants to see?他究竟想看到什么？not.until 强调式：It is/was not until.that其他。It was not until yesterday that I knew it.直到昨天我才知道此事。【误区警示】若被