Unit 5 诗歌简史&如何自己写诗Readingand Thinking 补充ppt课件-（2019版）新人教版选择性必修第三册高中英语.pptx

1、A brief history of poetry, and how to write it yourself.Poetry has a very colorful history. It may even predate prose (stories). The Book of Songs was an ancient poetry book crafted during the Han dynasty in ancient China three thousand years ago.Confucius himself selected and edited the poems.The o

2、ldest surviving epic poem is the Epic of Gilgamesh from Iraq. It was preserved on 12 clay tablets and tells a story of Gilgamesh undertaking dangerous quests that displease their Gods. The life that you are seeking you will never find. When the gods created man they allotted to him death, but life t

3、hey retained in their own keeping. Other famous ancient poems include the Greek works by Homer, The Iliad and The Odyssey. Probably the most famous poet was William Shakespeare who wrote 154 poems in Sonnet form. Shakespeare was a play-wright who lived in England during the late 1500s and early 1600

4、s and his plays have inspired countless generations of writers. As well as plays, he wrote sonnets. They usually discussed issues of love. These poems would be written in three four-line stanzas and a final couplet.The stanzas would have the rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef abab cdcd efef with the final

5、couplet having a gggg rhyme scheme. Shall I compare thee to a summers day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate;Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summers lease hath all too short a date;Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmd;And every fair f

6、rom fair sometime declines,By chance or natures changing course untrimmd;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst;Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growst:So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives

7、 this, and this gives life to thee.Haikus are a form of Japanese poetry, focusing on simplicity and imagery. Traditional haiku consist of 17 syllables, in three phrases of 5, 7, and 5 on, respectively.Here are two examples of haiku from Basho Matsuo (1644-1694), considered the greatest haiku poet:An

8、 old silent pond.A frog jumps into the pond,splash! Silence again.Autumn moonlighta worm digs silentlyinto the chestnut.In the 19th century, many Victorian poets were active such as John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Lord Byron.“Romanticism” focused on free expression and feelings more than form a

9、nd tradition.Percy Bysshe Shelley: Ozymandias (1818)“I met a traveller from an antique landWho said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stoneStand in the desert. near them, on the sand,Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown,And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command,Tell that its sculptor well

10、 those passions readWhich yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things,The hand that mocked them and the heart that fed:And on the pedestal these words appear:My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!Nothing beside remains. Round the decayOf that colossal wreck,

11、 boundless and bareThe lone and level sands stretch far away.Poetry is still admired today, though it has evolved. In Western poetry the rhyme scheme is not emphasized as much and more focus is put on alliterationalliteration (which is when words have similar sounds, but not rhymes). Robert Frost wa

12、s a famous American poet who got to read his work at the Presidential inauguration of John F Kennedy. Here is a sample: The Road Not Taken “The Road Not Taken “Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both; And be one traveler, long I stood; And looked down one as far as I c

13、ould; to where it bent in the undergrowth;” metaphormetmet-uh-fawr,-fer nounnoun1.1.a figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance, as in “A mighty fortress is our God.”Comparemixed metaphor,simile(def. 1

14、).2.2.something used, or regarded as being used, to represent something else; emblem; symbol.similesimsim-uh-lee nounnoun1.1.a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared, as in “she is like a rose.”Comparemetaphor.2.2.an instance of such a figure of speech or a use of words

15、exemplifying it.Similes and metaphors are both ways of making our writing more interesting and more descriptive. While sometimes overused, they are an essential ingredient in most creative writing, when used in moderation.Both similes and metaphors use imagery to draw a comparison between that which

16、 is being described and some related object or idea. Metaphors generally employ the verb to be while similes employ the words like or as.Think of at least one simile and one metaphor you can add to your writing from last week. Rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhyme that comes at the end of each verse

17、or line in poetry. In other words, it is the structure of end words of a verse or line that a poet needs to create when writing a poem. Many poems are written in free verse style. Some other poems follow non-rhyming structures, paying attention only to the number of syllables. The Japanese genre of

18、Haiku is a case in point. Thus, it shows that the poets write poems in a specific type of rhyme scheme or rhyming pattern. There are several types of rhyme schemes as given below.There are a number of rhyme schemes used in poetry; some of the most popular of which include:Alternate rhyme: Alternate

19、rhyme: It is also known as ABAB rhyme scheme, it rhymes as “ABAB CDCD EFEF GHGH.”MonorhymeMonorhyme: : It is a poem in which every line uses the same rhyme scheme.Couplet: Couplet: It contains two-line stanzas with the “AA” rhyme scheme, which often appears as “AA BB CC and DD”Keats Keats Odes rhyme

20、 scheme: Odes rhyme scheme: In his famous odes, Keats has used a specific rhyme scheme, which is “ABABCDECDE.”Limerick: Limerick: A poem uses five lines with a rhyme scheme of “AABBA.”My love is as a fever, longing stillFor that which longer nurseth the disease,Feeding on that which doth preserve th

21、e ill,The uncertain sickly appetite to please.My reason, the physician to my love,Angry that his prescriptions are not kept,Hath left me, and I desprate now approveDesire is death, which physic did except.Past cure am I, now reason is past care,And frantic mad with evermore unrest,My thoughts and my

22、 discourse as madmens are,At random from the truth vainly expressed;For I have sworn thee fair and thought thee bright,Who art as black as hell, as dark as night.The Shakespearean sonnet, the form of sonnet utilized throughout Shakespeares sequence, is divided into four parts. The first three parts

23、are each four lines long, and are known as quatrains, rhymed ABAB; the fourth part is called the couplet, and is rhymed CC. The Shakespearean sonnet is often used to develop a sequence of metaphors or ideas, one in each quatrain, while the couplet offers either a summary or a new take on the precedi

24、ng images or ideas.Just joking- Im not going to make you write a sonnet. yet.Instead you will just write a simple rhyming couplet based on your creative writing from homework. Your couplet will follow an ABAB form. It must also include at least one metaphor and simile. When finished, share with your partner and ask for feedback.