（新教材）人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册高中英语Unit-1-5-知识点梳理.docx

1、英语选择性必修第一册 - 1 -Unit 1 People ofAchievementPart 1 Word and Expressions1、vitaladj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的be vital to/for 对至关重要It is vital to do sth. 做某事是至关重要的It is vital that 是至关重要的（that 从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should+动词原形”）2、commitvt.承诺；保证（某个人、机构等）vi.忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的commitmentn.承诺；交托；信奉co

2、mmit sb./oneself to（doing）sth.承诺/保证做某事be committed to 致力于；委身于make a commitment做出承诺commit a crime 犯罪3、academyn.（艺术、文学、科学等的）研究院；学会；专科院校academicadj.学业的；学术的4、objectiven.目标；目的adj.客观的反义词：subjectiveadj.主观的objectn.物体；对象；客体v.反对5、botanyn.植物学botanicaladj.植物学的6、evaluatevt.评估，评价=assess=rate（比率）evaluationn. 评估，估算

3、evaluate ones ability 评估某人的能力evaluate sb. on/by 根据评价某人make an evaluation of 对进行评估7、distinctadj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的distinctionn.差别；区分；卓著【拓展】与不同be different/distinct from=differ from8、obtainvt.（尤指经努力）获得；赢得vi.（规章、习俗等）存在；流行obtain from/out of/ through 从中得到obtain knowledge/ones degree 获得知识/学位obtain sb. sth.=obta

4、in sth. for sb. 给某人带来某物obtain sth.by doing sth. 通过做某事获得某物9、acknowledgevt.承认（属实、权威等） ； （公开）感谢acknowledgementn.承认acknowledge doing/having done sth. 承认做了某事acknowledge as/ to be 认为是It is widely/ generally acknowledged that 普遍认为10、defeatn.失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜a narrow defeat 惜败suffer a defeat 遭遇失败be defeated by

5、被打败11、apparentadj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的apparentlyadv.显而易见；看来；显然It is apparent/ obvious that 是显而易见的As is apparently shown/started in the picture/chart/passage above 正如上面图画/图表/文中明显展示/陈述的那样12、sciencen.科学scientistn.科学家scientificadj.科学（上）的；关于科学的13、concludevt.推断出；得出结论；使结束vi.结束；终止conclusionn.结论；推论；结束conclude. fro

6、m. 从.中推断出.in conclusion 总之英语选择性必修第一册 - 2 -14、circumstancen.usually pl.条件；环境；状况in/under the circumstance 在这种情况下；既然如此under any circumstance 在任何情况下；无论如何in/under no circumstance 决不；无论如何都不15、consequencen.结果，后果consequentadj.随之发生的；由引起的consequentlyadv.所以；因而in consequence/as a consequenceas a result 因此；结果in

7、consequence of/as a consequence ofas a result of 由于原因16、remarkableadj.非凡的；显著的remarkv.谈起；述说；议论；评论n.评论；言语be remarkable for 以著称make no remark 不加评论；什么也不说make a remark/remarks on/about.就发表意见；评论remark on/upon 就发表意见；评论remark that.评论17、sumvi.总结；概括n.金额；款项；总数；总和summarizen.概要summaryn.总结do/work/make sums/a sum

8、计算；做算术题in sum=to sum up 大体上；一言以蔽之；总之sum up 总结；概括；是的总和；合计18、insist on 坚决要求insist on upon （doing）sth. 坚决要求（做某事）19、wear and tear （正常使用造成的）磨损；损耗20、flow chart 流程图21、come to power （开始） 掌权；上台【拓展】有关 power 的词组beyond/out of one s power 力所不能及的be in power 执政take power 掌权do all/everything in one s power to do st

9、h.竭尽所能做某事22、take up a position 担任；任职【拓展】有关 take 的词组take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续；占据（时间或空间）take away 解除；消除take down 拿下；取下；记下take in 理解；欺骗；接纳take off 脱去；起飞；突然受欢迎take on 呈现；开始雇用英语选择性必修第一册 - 3 -Part2 Grammar定语从句非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，去掉后也不会影响对全句的理解，它与先行词之间往往用逗号隔开。一、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词一、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：关系代词 whic

10、h,who,whom,whose,as关系副词 when,where 等关系词在句中所作成分：关系代词：主语、宾语、表语、定语关系副词：状语二、二、as 的用法的用法as 也可以作为关系代词引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，as 在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。（1）as 引导限制性定语从句时，主要用在固定搭配 such.as,the same.as 中。（2）as 引导非限制性定语从句时，指代主句的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语，常译为“正如”。（3）as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前。（4）as 引导的非限制性定语从句常可看作固定结构，如：as is known to us 众所周

11、知as is reported正如所提及的那样as we all know 众所周知as has been said before 正如之前所说三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项（1）that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，用 who,whom 指代人，用 which 指代物。（2）当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。（3）非限制性定语从句可以补充说明整个主句。（4）非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用 why 引导，而用 for which 代替 why。四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的

12、区别四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别（1）形式不同限制性定语从句与主句之间无逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。（2）作用不同限制性定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，与先行词关系密切，若缺少，句意则不完整。非限制性定语从句修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰整个句子，对先行词仅起补充说明作用，若缺少，句意仍相对完整。（3）翻译不同限制性定语从句的句子一般先译从句， 后译先行词， 即把从句放在先行词前， 译为“的先行词”。非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译主句，后译从句，形成两个分句。（4）关系词不同关系代词 that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略；在

13、非限制性定语从句中，所有关系词都不可省略。五、特殊结构五、特殊结构“名词代词名词代词of+which/whom”六、关系代词、人称代词、指示代词的选择关键是判断句子结构：六、关系代词、人称代词、指示代词的选择关键是判断句子结构：非限制性定语从句一选关系代词并列句一选人称代词或指示代词英语选择性必修第一册 - 4 -Part3 Writing课文重点句1、Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives ayear inAfrica alone

14、.青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分,仅在非洲一年就可以挽救 10 万人的生命。2、They then tried boiling fresh wormwood,and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria,but thisdid not work either.然后,他们尝试煮沸新鲜的青蒿,并使用从青蒿中获得的液体来治疗疟疾,但这也不起作用。3、 Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make

15、 sure that itwas safe.屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持要在自己身上测试这种药,以确保它的安全性。4、Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.（含有非限制性定语从句的复合句）后来,用这种药物在疟疾患者身上做试验,大部分患者都康复了。5、 Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine.” （upon+劢词-ing 形式）当听到自己被授予诺

16、贝尔奖时,她说,“荣誉不只是属于我自己的。”Upon/On doing 一.就.用作连词表示“一就”的名词词组：the moment/the instant/the minute/the second 后接从句。6、 It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening totheir fellow countrymen.（It strikes sb that.）他感到惊讶的是,照片中的其他中国男人显然不在乎同胞们发生了什么。7、Id like

17、 to try that Chinese herbal medicine again,which seems to work best for my cough.（复合句）我想再试一次那种中草药,它似乎对我的咳嗽最有效。8、He made numerous contributions to the world,the most well-known being the general theory of relativityand the famous formula E=mc2.（独立主格结构）他为世界做出了许多贡献,最著名的是广义相对论和著名的 E=mc2公式。9、On 18 April

18、1955,it was reported that Einstein had passed away,and the whole world mourned the greatloss of a brilliant scientist.（并列句）据报道,1955 年 4 月 18 日,爱因斯坦逝丐,全丐界哀悼这位杰出科学家的逝世。读后续写素材积累（1）情感描写开心Her eyes twinkled with merriment.她高兴得双眸闪闪发亮。Mack went into raptures and burst into laughter.麦克欣喜若狂，大笑起来。Aripple of la

19、ughter went through the crowd.人群中传来一阵笑声Lilys laughter lingered in the room for a long time.丽丽的笑声萦绕在房间里久久不能散去。Her hands were trembling with excitement as she opened the letter.当她打开信时，她的手激动得发抖。After heard this satisfactory outcome,Steve felt a sense of joy and happiness surging through him.在听到这个令人满意的结

20、果后，史蒂夫感到一种喜悦和幸福的感觉涌上心头。Overwhelmed with gaiety,he jumped up and ran excitedly around the tree.他欣喜若狂，跳起来并绕着那棵大树跑了几圈。英语选择性必修第一册 - 5 -In his excitement he couldnt remember her name.他兴奋得甚至把他自己的名字都给忘了。Rose felt blissful as if she was in possession of everything.罗丝感到很幸福，好像她拥有了全世界一样。She was carried away by

21、 pleasure.她被快乐冲昏了头脑。I nodded,with a big smile spreading across my cheek.我点点头，脸上露出灿烂的笑容。She couldnt conceal the excitement and rushed home to tell her mother the good news.她掩饰不住兴奋，急忙回家告诉母亲这个好消息。She is always ready to help others in need and always wears shining smile on her face,so manyclassmates are

22、 willing to make friends with her.她总是乐于助人并且脸上总是挂着灿烂的笑容，因此很多同学都愿意和她交朋友。Im over the moon.我太开心了It is easy to infer that he is in rapture through his big smile.从他那灿烂的笑容很容易推断出他是兴高采烈的。He woke up that morning with a feeling of excitement.他一起床就感到很兴奋。Her excitement grew as the day of the wedding came nearer.

23、随着结婚的日子越来越近，她越来越兴奋。I am overflowing with happiness.我洋溢着幸福。Every time we mentioned the funny incidents of the journey a pleasant smile would spread over Momsface.每次我们提到旅途中的趣事，妈妈的脸上就会浮现出愉快的笑容Asudden wave of joy swept over her.一阵喜悦突然涌上她的心头。She gazed up at him,glowing with happiness.她抬头看着他，脸上洋溢着幸福的光芒。Th

24、e children were filled with excitement at the thought of visiting Disneyland.孩子们一想到要去迪斯尼乐园就兴奋不已。My heart is as sweet as honey.我的心甜的像蜜一样。Pleasure welled up inside her heart.她心中涌起喜悦。Amusement gleamed in his eyes.他眼中流露出愉快的神情.Mothers eyes flash across the surprise,open smile ripples.母亲的眼里闪过惊喜，笑容荡漾开。She

25、come up to me,with a smile shining like a diamond.她带着灿烂的笑容走到我面前。英语选择性必修第一册 - 6 -Unit 2 Looking into the FuturePart 1 Word and Expressions1、persuadevt.劝说；说服persuasionn.劝说，说服（力） ；信仰persuasiveadj.有说服力的；劝诱的；动听persuade sb. to do/into doing sth. 成功说服某人做某事persuade sb.not to do/out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事per

26、suade sb.of sth.使某人相信某事persuade that.使某人相信2、switchvt.转换；交换vi.使改变；转变n.开关；转换器；改变a switch in 在方面的转变make a switch 做出改变switch.from.to.（把）由转变为switch on/off 打开/关上（电器等）switch over to 转变；换频道【辨析】 “开” “关”开/关（门、窗、盒子等）open/close the door/window/box开/关（收音机、电灯，电视等）switch on/off the radio/light/TV开/关（收音机、电灯、水、煤气等）t

27、urn on/off the radio/light/water/gas3、distantadj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的distancen.距离be distant from 距离远；不相似in the distance/into the distance 在远处from a distance 从远处keep sb.at a distance 对冷淡；同疏远；与保持一定距离4、remoteadj.遥远的，偏僻的remotelyadv.遥远地；偏僻地；冷淡地，极小地remotenessn.远离，遥远remote control 遥控；遥控器5、efficientadj.效率高的；有功

28、效的efficientlyadv.效率高地；有效地6、routinen.常规；正常顺序adj.常规的；日常的routinelyadv.常规地，例行地daily routine 日常生活7、preferencen.喜爱，偏爱；偏爱的事物prefervt.更喜欢，宁愿in preference to 优先于have a preference for sth.偏爱某物give preference to 给以优惠prefer to do sth.更喜欢做某事prefer to do Arather than do B 宁愿做 A 而不愿做 B8、instantn.瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；速食的；速

29、溶的in an instant（immediately）立刻the instant（that） （as soon as）一就9、secureadj.空全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的vt.获得；拴牢；保护securityn.保护措施；安全工作；保卫部门10、integratev.使合并；成为一体integratedadj.各部分密切协调的；综合的integrationn.结合；整合；一体化；融合integrate into/with 和合成一体integrate sb.into/with sth.把某人融入integrateAand BintegrateAinto/with B 把 A 和 B 整

30、合起来；把 A 和 B 合成一体英语选择性必修第一册 - 7 -11、commandn.指令；命令；控制vt.命令；控制commandern.指挥官at ones command 听某人吩咐have a good command of 精通in command（of sb.）指挥；控制take command of 控制某事under ones command 在某人的指挥下command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事12、obeyv.服从，顺从obediencen.顺从obedientadj.顺从的disobeyv.不服从disobediencen.不服从disobedienta

31、dj.不服从的13、potentialn.潜在性；可能性；潜能adj.可能的；潜在的potentiallyadv.潜在地14、relevantadj.相关的，切题的relevancen.关联，贴切，中肯relevantlyadv.有关地；切题地irrelevantadj.无关的；不切题的be relevant to 与有关be related to 与有关be concerned with 与有关be involved in 与有关be associated with 与有关be irrelevant to sth./sb.与某物/人不相关15、combinev.使联合；使结合combinat

32、ionn.结合；联合；混合combineAwith B（combineAand B together）把 A 与 B 结合in combination with.与.结合【辨析】combine/connect/joincombine“结合；联合”，指为了一个目的而把两个以上的事物联系在一起。connect 事物（东西）不紧密地连接，也可用于抽象的联系（如姻亲关系） ，后接 with/to。join 指直接连接两物或两地，也可指两物紧密地连接，后接 to，不接 with。16、predictvt.预言，预测；预料predictionn.预言；预测；预示predictableadj.可预言的；可预

33、测的；可预示的predictorn.测位器；预言家17、occupationn.职业；占领occupyvt.占据；占有；占领occupiedadj.使用中；忙碌的occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.忙于be occupied with sth./in doing sth.忙于；全神贯注于；从事18、opposevt.反对；抵制；阻挠oppositeadj.对面的，另一边的；相反的，对立的opposedadj.反对的，对立的oppositionn.反对oppose sth./doing sth./sb.s doing sth.反对某人做某事强调动作oppo

34、se sth.to/against sth.使与对立/对抗be opposed to sth.反对某事英语选择性必修第一册 - 8 -【归纳】反对（做某事） ：be opposed to （doing） sth. oppose （doing） sth. object to （doing） sth.be against （doing） sth.19、ceasev.使停止；终止cessationn.停止；终止；中断；暂停cease to do sth.停下来去做cease（doing）sth.停止（做）某事20、absencen.不存在；缺乏；缺席反义词：presencen.出席；到场absent

35、adj.缺席的；不在的反义词：presentadj.出席的；到场的absentlyadv.心不在焉地absence from classes 缺课in ones absence 在某人不在的时候absence of mind 心不在焉in the absence of.不在时be absent from 缺席；缺少；不存在21、advocatevt.提倡；支持；拥护n.提倡者，支持者；拥护者advocate（doing）sth.提倡（做）某事an advocate for/of的支持者/拥护者advocatethat-clause 提倡/主张（从句谓语用 should do，should 可省

36、略）22、resistv.抵制；反抗；抵挡resistantadj.抵抗的；有抵抗力的resistancen.抗拒；反对be hard/impossible to resist 难以拒绝resist sb./sth.抵抗/抵制某人/某物cant/couldnt resist doing sth.禁不住干某事resist doing sth.抑制干某事be resistant to 对有抵抗力【辨析】cant resist doing sth./cant help doing sth./cant help do sth.cant resist doing.无法抗拒的诱惑，忍不住干cant hel

37、p doing 情不自禁地做cant help do sth.不能帮忙做23、early on 在初期；早先24、catch fire 着火25、in this sense 从这种意义上来讲【拓展】有关 sense 的词组in a sense（in one way）从某种意义上说in no sense 绝不（放在句首，句子用部分倒装）make sense 有道理；有意义；讲得通make sense of sth.理解；弄懂（不易理解的事物）make no sense 无意义；讲不通；无道理Theres no sense in doing sth.做某事无意义26、keep in touch（w

38、ith.） （与）保持联系；了解（某课题或领域的情况）【拓展】有关 touch 的词组get in touch （with） （与）取得联系不与一段时间连用lose touch （with） （与）失去联系不与一段时间连用stay/be in touch （with） （与.）保持联系be out of touch（with） （与.）失去联系27、cut down 削减；删节；砍倒【拓展】有关 cut 的词组cut away 切下；砍掉cut off 中止；切断cut across 走捷径cut out 删除；遮挡cut back 削减；缩减cut short 缩短；打断cut in 超车；

39、插嘴cut up 切碎；抨击英语选择性必修第一册 - 9 -Part2 Grammar将来进行时一、定义一、定义将来进行时表示最近或较远的将来正在进行的动作或说话人已经计划或安排好的事情。二、构成二、构成1、肯定句：主语shall/willbe现在分词.2、否定句：主语shall/willnotbe现在分词.3、疑问句：Shall/Will主语be现在分词.?4、疑问代词/疑问副词shall/will主语be现在分词.?shall 用于第一人称，will 用于第一、二、三人称。三、将来进行时的主要用法三、将来进行时的主要用法1、将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。2、将来进行时表示按计划

40、或安排要发生的动作。3、将来进行时表示委婉语气。四、将来进行时与一般将来时的区别四、将来进行时与一般将来时的区别1、一般将来时是指将来某个时间将要发生的动作和状态，基本结构是：主语willdo.2、两者均可表示将来，但用将来进行时语气更委婉3、有时一般将来时中的 will 含有“愿意”的意思，而用将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来情况英语选择性必修第一册 - 10 -Part3 Writing课文重点句1、Nevertheless，it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.然而，大多数

41、新的家庭需要几年才能开始使用这项新技术。【拓展】before 常用句型：“It was时间段before.”意为“过了多久才”，从句常用一般过去时。“It was not long before.”意为“不久就”，从句常用一般过去时。“It will not be long before.”意为“不久就会”，从句常用一般现在时。“It will be时间段before.”意为“要过多久才”，从句常用一般现在时。2、However,in the not-too-distant future,we will be living in smart homes that will lock the d

42、oor for us whenwe are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.然而,在不太遥远的未来,我们将生活在智能家居里,它能在我们离开时锁门,在我们忘了关掉电视的时候记得关掉它。3、These smart homes will keep us secure,save us energy,and provide a more comfortable environment tolive in.（动词不定式短语作定语）这些智能家居将保护我们的安全,节省能源,并提供一个更舒适的生活环境。4 、 Your lights w

43、ill come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TVprogrammes,and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.（find + 宾语 + 宾补）你一进家门,灯就会亮起,还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目（会自动播放）,而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。5、This morning,I saw the shocking headline:“Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverles

44、s Mode”.今天早上，我看到了令人震惊的头条新闻。无人驾驶汽车撞死了乘客。6、On the one hand,there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in theabsence of new technology.一方面,世界各地有许多不同的群体在没有新技术的情况下快乐地生活。7、They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work,family,and community.他们提倡简单的生活,强调努力工作、家庭和社区

45、。8、On the other hand,new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years.另一方面，这些年来，新技术给各地的人们带来了很多好处。9、Moreover,the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they areon opposite sides of the world.（make +it+ adj. +（ for sb./sth.）

46、to do sth.）此外,互联网使朋友和家人能够很容易地保持联系,即使他们在世界的另一边。10、Nevertheless,I will always look on the positive side of change and accept it rather than resist it.尽管如此,我将永远看到变革积极的一面,接受而不是抵制它。读后续写素材积累（2）情感描写悲伤There were tears in her eyes,but her voice was steady.她眼里含着泪水，但声音依然很稳定。I was seized with sadness.我伤心欲绝。Afla

47、sh of grief came upon me.一阵悲伤袭身而来。His lip started to tremble and then he started to cry.他的嘴唇开始颤抖，然后哭了起来。He sigh with despair at the thought of all the opportunities he had missed.一想到他错过的所有机会，他绝望地叹了口气。英语选择性必修第一册 - 11 -Tears rolled down her cheeks.泪水从他的脸颊滑落。Charles was overcome with grief.查尔斯悲痛欲绝。He l

48、ooked mournful,even near to tears.他看起来很悲伤，几乎要流泪了。There was a lump in my throat and I didnt speak because I knew I would cry.我哽咽了，没有说话，因为我知道我会哭的。Its no good turning on the water works.You cant stay home from school.你哭也没用，因为你不能逃学.I left quickly,not wanting to break down in front of the children.我赶快离开了

49、，因为我不想在孩子们面前大哭。The heavy blow almost made her cry.这沉重的打击几乎要把她弄哭了。Cecil came round later,crying his eyes out,asking me to forgive him.塞西尔后来来了，哭得很伤心，请求我原谅他。Joes eyes were watering from the smoke that filled the room.乔的眼睛正被满屋的烟雾熏得淌眼泪。His face was cast a cloud of gloom after heard this news.听到这个消息后，他的脸上

50、蒙上了一层阴云。He nagged and complained,and reduced Louise to tears.他唠唠叨叨，不停地抱怨，使路易斯不禁流泪。Her hands were shaking.She was on the verge of tears but Paul didnt realize that.她的手在颤抖，她都快要哭出来了，但保罗一点也没有意识到这一切。The old song always brought tears to my eyes.那首老歌总是让我伤感得流泪。Bill fought back tears and tried to comfort Sar