（新教材）人教版必修第一册英语第四单元知识点详解.docx（6页）

1、第一部分：单词1.英汉对译tornadodrogughlandslidelandfalltsunamimagnitudeevacuatehelicoptercrackbrickmetalpercentreviverevivalunifycontexttyphoonhurricanetappipewhistlefirst aid kitEcuadorMemphisAlbertaColomboSri LankaIndonesiaThailandSumatraChandra Theeravit2.会变词形disasterdisastrousvolcanovolcanicerupteruptionel

2、ectricityelectricelectricallelectricizeelectronicelectronicselectronicallywisdomwiseemergencyemergentsummarysummarizesum3.课本所见reductionsummaryflood-hit areashelterkeendeadlyuselessrelativemonitorseniorreleasetiphookdestructionminimisetoctonicsectioncompletely1). Life in a small town could be deadly

3、dull.小镇的生活有时会相当无聊。2). The Sudan version was deadly enough, killing 50% of those it infected.苏丹版的病毒更加致命,致使 50%的感染者死亡。3). The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.趁着其他父母对下一个赛季欣慰放松之时，教练能够集中精力训练孩子们。4).I was required to read one of

4、Bernie Siegels books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on.在大学我被要求去阅读 Bernie Siegel 的一部作品而自那以后被他积极的态度所着迷。5). Seeing as how we got on so well together, it just seemed natural that we should hook up.看我们相处的那么好，就好像我们天生就该搭档在一起。6). Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and

5、 manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.渔业和野生动物管理局密切监视并控制着黄石公园里的狼群。4.列举掌握slide1). Six volunteers slid downthe cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90-minute search.(从悬崖滑下)2). Documentary: a visual presentationsuch as a video,slide show,or computer projectno

6、more than 10 minutes long.(幻灯展示)flood1). Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.成年人能够理解到处东西是什么感觉。2). But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions: Who are you? What antique shop?被人连珠炮般的问道3). Donations began flooding in from hundreds of people. （涌入）4)

7、. The project connects flooded roads and highways.（被洪水冲毁的道路）rescue1).I was the first western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandasrescued fromstarvation in the wild.以免饿死从野外营救的大熊猫。2). I got a rescue call from a woman in muttontown.求救电话aid1). In tonights faster special, they c

8、ome to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.帮助（动词短语）2). Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged.帮助（介词短语）death1). But pronouncing the death of class is too early.但是宣布阶级的消亡还为时过早。2). A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of

9、heart disease and early deaths from all causes.每天只要 510 分钟的跑步可以降低因心脏病和其他所有诱因导致的早死。as if1). Its almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together.好像一起嚎叫好像可以帮助狼群保持联系。2). It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun.看起来好像除了我每个人都有朋友并玩得都很开心。3). When fat and salt are remove

10、d from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.当脂肪和盐被从食物中除掉后，食物尝起来好像缺失了什么东西。breathe1). If the air youre breathing is cleanwhich it would be if youre away from the smog of citiesthen the air isfilled with life-giving, energizing oxygen.及物动词，呼吸空气。2). If you exercise out of doors,your body wil

11、l learn to breathe more deeply,allowing even more oxygen to get toyour muscles and your brain.不及物动词，呼吸。3). I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.名词短语，气喘吁吁，上气不接下气。4). After climbing up a hill for a panoramic view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I pausedt

12、o catch my breath.名词短语，喘口气power1). Psychological research shows we consistently underestimate our mental powers. 思维能力2). More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand for clean energy.电厂3). I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a persons w

13、orld.有能力做什么4). It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth. 强壮的, 强有力的survive1). Its hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. 动词，生存2). She coughed and choked and could hardly survive her first few weeks. 及物动词，熬过头几个礼拜。3). Determining where

14、we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.对我们的生存来说crash1).They would define the drivers role in such cars and govern how such cars perform incrashes wherelives might be lost.名词，撞击，冲撞，装车2). He crashed into a car parked there.动词， 撞上，冲入3). In July, a sister craf

15、t of the crashed spaceplane was reported to be about half-finished.形容词，失事飞船sweep1). Wintry weather continues to sweep across Britain.寒冷的天气继续席卷整个英国。2). In times of war, governments often sweep human rights aside.战争时期，政府经常对人权置之不顾。3). Did you sweep up all the broken glass?你有没有把碎玻璃都扫掉?4). Pahlsson and h

16、er husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread overthe garden.被扫进5). The beautiful sweeping coastline was cloaked in mist. 美丽的海岸线一望无际，笼罩在迷雾之中。wave1). As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. 动词，招手示意，晃动2).Its partly that his writings

17、rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. 名词，社会潮流，大趋势3). Little kids and the elderly are the ones who have suffered the most from this extreme heat wave. 热浪effect affectaffection1). Favorable policies are in effect to encourage employees professional development. 实际上2). The changes i

18、n our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life.对什么有影响3). According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to avoid robots affecting the world. 动词，影响4). To my mother, the poem revealed a parents affection when her child grows up and leaves. 名词，喜爱length1).

19、At length they came within sight of the castle. 他们终于看见城堡了.2). The movie is nearly two hours in length.这个电影几乎有 2 小时长。5.重点掌握damage destroy ruin这三个动词在破坏程度上一个比一个严重1). At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.有破坏性的2). Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead

20、 of me.收到挫折但未被击败，3). Without oxygen the brain is damaging quickly. 不及物动词，损伤，遭受损毁4). One of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks.令他人受害的。5). Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.被损毁的6). Irresp

21、onsible use of a fire extinguisher could result in damage to personal property. 对什么造成伤害7). When the war was near, Alia was worried that the fires of war would destroy the books. 破坏8). When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. 处于废墟的状态。9). This photo, with th

22、e unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who ruined it, now hangs on a wallin my bedroom.完全毁掉supply1). Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! he didnt have food, water, a phone, or other supplies.其他必需品2). Our task is to supply vegetables all the year round. 动词，供应3). Browns Gr

23、ove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton.供应商shock1). I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.震惊2). Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.电击3). So scientists ha

24、ve come up with a shocking idea.惊人的4). They were shocked to find two policemen standing next to it.做什么事情吃惊5). The three of them knelt down beside Juliets bed in shock.处于震惊状态的。6). Shockingly, the two groups came up with plans of similar quality.令人吃惊地是7).Later,Yeats shocked his family by saying that h

25、e remembered little of childhood but its pain. vt.让震惊trap1). Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. 被包围，被什么困扰2). He freed it from the trap.名词, 夹子，陷阱3). Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.被困在内bury1). When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean,

26、an important process that helps to regulate theglobal climate.锁住2).The document was discovered buried in the university archives(档案). 堆在什么之中，埋在什么里面。3). I wandered into the dining room where you were buried under piles of law books. 聚精会神地做什么strike1). Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might

27、strike while your mind has moved slowly away.突然出现2). It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.3). Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.被撞到4). These effects of the Internet have become even more stri

28、king since Ive begun using a smartphone.令人吃惊的5). The snake coiled up, ready to strike. 攻击6). The rail strike is causing major disruptions at the countrys ports.罢工7). A senior defence official said last night that they would continue the air strikes. 打击deliver1). Once his message was delivered, he al

29、lowed me to stay and watch.传递，2). I usually have fast food delivered to my office.分发，派递3). Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery. 名词，派递4). Charlotte found herself operating on damaged limbs and setting broken bones, in addition to delivering all thebabies in the area. 动词，接生5).

30、In the letter,Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical school andto arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews.授课、演讲calm1). I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down. 动词短语，平静。2). It invol

31、ves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.形容词，心态平和的3). Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly. 平心静气地，平静地4). Blue is another calming color. 形容词，令人平静地。5). A one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers. 比较级，更平静的第二部分：短语ra

32、ise awareness提高认识reduce mortolity降低死亡率safety measures安全措施relief work安抚工作a report on关于什么的报道as usual如往常一样tens of thousands of许多in shock吃惊地in times of在样的时代stay positive保持积极向上的态度warning signs警报信号in the revival of在的复兴中win praise for因什么而获奖wake up苏醒，醒来in the open air在野外take turns to do轮流做什么prepare for为什么做准

33、备safety instructions安全指导stay away from远离keep/have on hand保持随时在手边in all directions从各个方向in danger处于危险run to safety逃离到安全地带follow the steps按步骤做give somebody a clear idea of让人清楚明白put up支起，树立supporting points论据cause damage造成损失trap from受困于a supply of一些，一部分keep quiet保持安静carry out执行，实施live a new life过着新的生活he

34、lp somebody rebuild帮助某人重建out of gratitude出于感激in a wish to do想要做give a presentation on做关于什么的展示a symbol of spirit一种精神象征known causes已知诱因visual aids直观教具out of nowwhere突然地a series of一系列的第三部分：句子1.Dogs refused to go inside buildings.本句应该关注的是一类词，一般情况下，表示“意愿”的动词，后面都可以加 to do 做宾语。比如：promise todo, intend to do

35、, plan to do, prefer to do, mean to do, hesitate to do, desire to do 等。练习：1). The little boy offered_( carry) the heavy box for his mother.(to carry)2). The lady managed_( go) to hospital before her husband came back.(to go)3). The boy pretended_(read) his book when his mother came in.(to be reading

36、)4). The boy pretended_(know) all the answers when the teacher asked him the questions.(to have known)2.In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.本句要关注的要点是 in+段时间的短语，可以用在一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时。本句即为一般过去时。练习：1). In the coming months, we _(bring) together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy s

37、peaking Shakespearesplays in their own language.(are bringing)2). Probably, realization _(set) in seconds after youve clicked “send”.( will set)3). Just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades _(go) on reducing risks in advance, rather thanrecovery and rebuilding afterwards.(has gone)

38、4). I gathered my courage, walked to the blackboard and _(work) it out in no time.(worked)3.All of its hospitals were gone.1). Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.很快庞大的鸟群不见了，再也没出现过。2). If we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.如果我们不阻止气候的改变，

39、世界上很多动植物将灭绝。3). In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone. 通常就是在他们不在的时候照看一下他们的物品。4). But once that money is gone, he says he doesnt know what hell do.他说，一旦钱要是花光了，他不知如何是好。5). Gone will be the days when Luxembourg has more voting rights than India, China and Brazil.卢森堡日印度、中国和巴西拥有更多

40、的票数的日子将一去不返了。4.People were in shock.本句的考点在于，in+抽象名词，可以表达状态，或表示在某方面。1). The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger.2). It can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence.3). Her simple act landed Parks in prison.4). Some wildernesses contain them i

41、n abundance.5). It is an easy-to-read collection of poems originally written to encourage in faith.5.The new city has become a home to more than seven million people.这个结构我们在学 native 的时候，曾经见到过类似的表达(可以说 be strange to, be native to, be alien to, be hometo, be foreign to 等)，但是这些表达中的词汇都是形容词或副词，课文里用的这个 ho

42、me 却是名词。这一类词汇常见的有 way, key, solution, answer, entrance, exit, path, bridge, door, hall, passage, approach, access 等。1). This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island.2). He followed the stones steps to the swimming pool.3). The aim of the designer is to create solutions to

43、problems through the most efficient means.6.非谓语动词的用法，在前面的单元曾经讲过，这里就不再赘述，将下面的句子还原。1). Read the sentences _(describe) what happened after a huge earthquake.(describing)2). Everyone was in shock, _(think) the world must be coming to an end.(thinking)3). _ an emergency kit_(prepare) is also very importa

44、nt.(提早准备)(Having prepared)4). The tsunami crashed into the coastlines across Asia yesterday, _(kill) more than 65000 people. (killing)7.填入适当介词1). The number of deaths stood _ 2498 and more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said.( at)2). Tangshan started to revive itself and get back

45、 up_ its feet.(on)3). Thousands of children were left _ parents.(without)填入适当词形4). The number of people _(be) more than 400, 000.(was)5). Foreign aid _(organise) for the tsunami-hit countries.(is being organized)6). People began to wonder _ long the disaster would last.( how)7). The number of deaths

46、 _(expect) to grow even higher over the next few days.( is expected)第四部分：语法虚拟语气的类型(口诀：一个 if，两个“要是”、“要不是”“三种句型”，四种词汇，“希望”你记住)1.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.-虚拟语气1). 一个 if条件从句的谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与过去事实相反的假设had donewould/could/might/should have done与现在事实相反的假设过去时(waswere)would/could/might/s

47、hould do与将来事实相反的假设过去时 (waswere ) ;should do;were to dowould/could/might/should doIf I had caught the first bus, I wouldnt have missed so much of the concert.If she were a man, she would be elected president.If I were to take the exam, I would not be able to help.2). 两个 “要是” “要不是”（if only, but for, w

48、ithout ）Without water, no living things would survive on the earth.But for your advice, I wouldnt have been where I am now.I was having a meeting, otherwise I would have come to see you off.3). 三种句型(通常用一般过去式的形式)It is (high)time that somebody did something.Would you mind if I did something.Id rather

49、you did something.4). 四种词汇一坚持(insist)，而命令(order, command)，三要求(require, request, demand)，四建议(advise, suggest, recommand,propose)，省略 should 的虚拟语气。The general ordered (that) all the soldiers (should ) leave.5). 希望你记住wishWish you could remember all the rules.2.The soldiers dag out those who were trapped

50、 and buried the dead.-定语从句(以下面的 6 个句子为代表)1). Imagine a future _ most adults own individual self-driving vehicles.(where)2). Their child is at the stageshe can say individual words but not full sentences.(where)3). I live next door to a couple,children often make a lot of noise.(whose)4). The number