（新教材）人教版（2019）必修第一册高中英语Unit-1-Unit-5-词汇用法全面整理（含答案）.docx（9页）（9页）

1、<p>1必修一词汇用法整理必修一词汇用法整理Unit 11upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的 vt. 使不安；使心烦，打乱(upset; upset)be upset about 对感到心烦It upsets sb. that 让某人心烦的是It upsets sb. to do sth. 做使某人不快upset the plan 搅乱了计划2ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视；不顾(强调“装作不知道或没看到”)ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的；不知道的;ignorance n. 无知；愚昧；不知道ignore sb./sth. 不理睬某人/假装不知道或未见

2、be ignorant of/about sth.be in ignorance of sth.不知道某事3concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系concerning prep. 关于concerned adj. 关心的；挂念的；有关的show/express concern about/for 对表示关心/担心have concern with 和有关系concern oneself about/for 担忧/关心；concern oneself with 从事，参与be concerned about/over/for 关心，挂念all partie

3、s concerned 有关各方as/so far as. be concerned 就而言4series n. 系列；连续a series of一连串的；一系列的a series of exams一连串的考试a TV series一部电视连续剧注意：(1)series 属于单复数同形的单词，类似的单词还有 means, species, works(工厂)，deer, fish, sheep 等。(2)“a series of复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数，但“these/those series of复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数。5settle vi. 安家；定居；停留vt. 使

4、定居；安排；解决settle in/into (使)适应(新的家、工作、环境等)，习惯于；安顿下来settle down 安居下来；定居，过安定生活，舒适地坐下或躺下settle down to n/v.ingget down to n/v.ing 开始认真做，专心于settle ones affairs 安排/解决好自己的事情settle a dispute/an argument 解决争端6suffer vt.&amp; vi. 遭受；忍受；经历suffering n. (身体、精神上的)痛苦，苦恼、苦难的经历suffer pain/loss/defeat/punishment/h

5、ardship 遭受痛苦/损失/失败/惩罚/艰难suffer from 受折磨，受之苦；患疾病7recover vi.&amp;vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得recovery n. 恢复，复原；复得recover from sth. 从中恢复到正常状态(如健康、神智等)recover sth. from. 从中找回、重新获得recover oneself 清醒过来recover ones health/senses 恢复健康/知觉8add up 合计2add sth. up 把加起来add up to 加起来共计/达add.to. 把加在/上add to 增加；增添add that.补充

6、说9go throughexperience 经历，经受examine carefully 仔细检查look through 浏览，翻阅pass (through) 通过，经过be used up 用完Unit 21native adj. 本地的，出生地的；天赋的n. 本地人；出生于某国的人be native to.原产于某地ones native country/land本国，祖国来源:Zxxk.Comnative place出生地ones native language本国语，本族语，母语a native of当地人/产于的动/植物2base vt.以为根据 n基部；基地；基础base s

7、th. on/upon sth.以为基础(或根据)base sb./sth./oneself in 以为据点(或总部等)，把(总部等)设在a military/naval base 军事/海军基地3command nC命令；指令U掌握vt. &amp; vi.命令；指挥；支配at ones command 随心所欲地at/by ones command 奉某人之命in command of 指挥；统帅under ones command 由指挥take command of 担任的指挥have a good command of 很好地掌握command sb. to do sth.命

8、令某人做某事command that.(should) do.命令4request n. &amp; vt. 请求，要求request sth. of/from sb.向某人请求某物request sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事request that sb. (should) do sth.请求Its requested that.据要求at ones requestat the request of sb.应某人之请求be in request 有需要，受欢迎make a request for sth.请求，要求5recognize vt. 辨认出；承认3recogn

9、ition n认出，识别recognizable adj.可认出的 recognized adj.公认的recognize sb. /sth. by /from.根据认出某人/事(物)recognize sb./sth. as/to be.承认某人(物)是Its recognized that.人们公认out of/beyond recognition 认不出来6make use of 利用；使用make full use of 充分利用make the best use of 尽量利用make good use of 好好利用，合理利用make little use of 没有很好地利用7p

10、lay a role/part in 在中担任角色；在中起作用play an important role/part in 在方面起重要作用play the role of sb.play/act the part of sb.(在剧中)扮演某人的角色play the leading role 起主要(带头)作用unit 31.prefer(1)prefer (sb.) to do sth.更喜欢(某人)做(2)prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.宁愿(做)某事也不愿(做)某事(3)prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.wo

11、uld rather do sth. than do sth.宁可也不(4)prefer that . should do sth.宁愿2.disadvantage(1)at a disadvantage处于不利地位to ones disadvantage 对某人不利put sb. at a disadvantage使某人处于不利地位take advantage of利用have an advantage over胜过；优于3. persuade1persuade sb. to do sth.persuade sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事2persuade sb. no

12、t to do sth.persuade sb. out ofdoingsth.说服某人不做某事3persuade sb. of sth.persuade sb. that 从句使某人相信某事tippersuade 表示“说服”，强调说服的结果；advise 表示“劝说；建议”，强调劝说的动作。“劝说不一定有效果”应表述为：advise sb. to do sth.或 try to persuade sb. to do sth.。4. graduate(1)graduate from从毕业graduate in毕业于专业after graduation from .从毕业之后5.schedul

13、en时间表；进度表 vt.为某事安排时间(1)ahead of schedule (ahead of time)提前fall behind schedule进度落后on schedule按时间表；准时(2)be scheduled for .安排在(sb.) be scheduled to do .(某人)预定做4The film star is scheduled to arrive in Shanghai at ten oclock.那位电影明星预计在 10 点钟抵达上海。6. determined(1)be determined to do sth.决心做某事determine to d

14、o sth.决定做某事determine on/upon (doing) sth.决定determine that .决定(3)determination n.决心；决定7.change ones mind改变主意make up ones mind (to do sth.)下决心；决定(做某事)lose ones mind失去理智bear/keep . in mind记住tipmake up ones mind 中，mind 的单复数要随其前 ones 的单复数而发生变化。8.viewn风景；视野；观点；见解vt.观看；注视；考虑have/get a good view of好好欣赏/观看in

15、 ones view/opinion在某人看来point of view观点；态度in view of鉴于；考虑到out of view看不见；在视野之外come into view进入视野；被看见unit 41.burstvi.爆裂；爆发；突然迸发；冲；闯n.突然破裂；爆发(1)v.(burst, burst)(使)爆裂；胀开Water pipes often burst in cold weather.(2)v.猛冲；闯；突然起来1burst into tears/laughterburst out crying/laughing突然大哭/大笑2burst in/into闯进；突然破门而入

16、On hearing the news, Mary burst into laughter while Lucy burst out crying一听到这则消息，玛丽突然大笑起来，而露西则突然大哭起来。(3)n.突然破裂；爆发；突发；迸发a burst of laughter/applause/anger一阵大笑/一阵喝彩声/一阵发怒2.ruinn废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产(1)be/lie in ruins成为废墟；毁灭fall into ruin成为废墟；毁了(2)ruin ones hope使某人的希望破灭ruin oneself自我毁灭Ever since the earthquak

17、e, this temple has been in ruins.自从地震以来，这座寺庙一直是废墟一片。Alarge number of buildings fell_into_ruin after the earthquake.地震后，许多建筑都毁了。Heavy smoking ruins_your_health,_so you should give up smoking.吸烟过量损害你的健康，因此你应该戒烟。3. injure(1)injured adj.受伤的；受委屈的the injured伤员(2)injury n.伤；伤口；伤害do an injury to sb.伤害某人He i

18、njured_his_left_leg when playing football.他踢足球时左腿受了伤。He was_injured (injure) when he was cycling along the valley.沿着山谷骑自行车时，他受伤了。4.rescuen&amp;vt. 援救；营救come to/go to sb.s rescue rescue sb.援救某人rescue . from .把从营救出来55.trapvt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境(1)be trapped in困在中；陷在中trap sb. into (doing) sth.诱使某人做某事(2)se

19、t a trap for给设圈套fall into a trap落入圈套/陷阱When travelling they were trapped in the mountain, waiting to be rescued.旅行时，他们被困在山上，等待救援。The police trapped him into telling the truth.警察设圈套使他讲出实情。6.buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心(1)bury . in .把埋到里bury ones face in hands双手掩面（2）be buried in =bury oneself on 埋头于；专心于；沉浸

20、于She buried her face in her hands and wept.她掩面而泣。Ever since he moved there, he has_been_buried (bury) in his research work.自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。7.damagen&amp;vt.损失；损害(1)cause/do damage to对造成损害；损害pay the damage赔偿损失(2)damage ones health损害某人的健康8. frighten(1)frighten sb./sth.Away把吓跑frighten sb. into/

21、out of (doing) sth.恐吓某人做/不做某事(2)be frightened to do sth.做某事而感到害怕be frightened at .对感到惊恐9.congratulationn祝贺；(复数)贺词(1)offer/send ones congratulations to sb.向某人致以祝贺a letter of congratulation贺信(2)congratulate vt.祝贺congratulate sb. on (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人祝贺We sent our congratulations to her when she pas

22、sed the exam. 当她通过考试时，我们向她表示祝贺。 Lets go and congratulate him on being accepted by Tsinghua University.他被清华大学录取了，我们去祝贺他吧。10.judgen裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决(1)judge sb./sth. by/from通过判断as far as I can judge据我判断(2)judging from/by .从来看；根据判断As the old saying goes, “You cant judge a book by its cover.”俗话说，“你不能以貌

23、取人。”Judging (judge) from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.从她的上封信看，他们过得非常愉快。11.express(1)express ones thanks to表达对的感谢express oneself表达自己的思想(2) beyond expression无法表达I would like to express my sincere thanks to all those who have helped me.我想对所有帮助过我的人表示诚挚的谢意。She expressed herself (she)

24、 clearly in English.她用英文清楚地表达了自己的意思。Unit 51.qualityn质量；品质；性质of good/high/poor quality质量好的/高的/差的in quality在质量方面As a matter of fact, air in many cities is of poor quality.事实上，许多地区的空气质量很差。62Meanadj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 vt.意指；意味着(1)adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的；刻薄的be mean with sth.对某物吝啬be mean to sb.对某人刻薄The rich boss who is

25、usually mean to his workers is very mean with money.那位富有的老板通常对他的工人很刻薄，他对钱非常吝啬。(2)vt.意指；意味着；意思是mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事Im terribly sorry, but I didnt mean to_upset (upset) your plan.真对不起，但我并非有意打乱你的计划。Bob is determined to get a seat for the concert even though it means standing (stand

26、) in line all night for the ticket.鲍勃决心要买到音乐会的票，即使那意味着整夜站着排队。3.devotevt.献身；专心于(常与介词 to 连用)(1)devote . to .把奉献给；把专注于devote oneself to致力于；献身于(2)devoted adj.深爱的；忠诚的be devoted to专心于；致力于(3)devotion n.关爱；奉献As we all know, hes a generous, devoted, active and warmhearted man.众所周知，他是一个慷慨大方、忠诚、积极又热心的人。I dont

27、think we should devote any more time to persuading (persuade) such a stubborn man to change his mind.我认为我们不应该再花时间来说服这么顽固的一个人改变主意。He is so devoted to his English teaching that I admire him for his devotion.(devote)他如此深爱他的英语教学，以至于我对他的奉献感到敬佩。4.votevt.&amp;vi.投票；选举 n.投票；选票；表决vote for投票支持vote against

28、投票反对vote on投票表决vote to do sth.表决做某事Whether you vote for or against the plan doesnt seem to matter very much.你是赞成还是反对这项计划看上去似乎不重要。As we cant agree on this matter, lets have a vote on it.对于这个问题我们无法达成一致意见，投票表决吧。5.attackvt.进攻；攻击；抨击 n.攻击；进攻；病情发作(1)under attack遭到攻击make an attack攻击a heart attack心脏病突发(2)att

29、ack sb.攻击/抨击某人be attacked with患The old man suffered a heart attack yesterday.这位老人昨天心脏病发作了。7Hearing her mother was_attacked (attack) with cancer, the girl burst out crying.听到她的母亲患了癌症，这个女孩突然大哭起来。6.equaladj.相等的；平等的；胜任的 vt.比得上；敌得过 n.平等的人(1)be equal to等于be equal to sth./doing sth.胜任做某事(2)Aequals B in sth

30、.A 在某方面比得上 B(3)without equal无人可比；无敌(4)equally adv.同样地；平等地As far as I know, he is quite equal to the job.据我所知，他完全有能力胜任这项工作。His paintings are without equal in the Western world.他的画在西方世界首屈一指。No one can equal her in dancing.论跳舞，没有人能比得上她。7.in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中ask for trouble自找麻烦；自寻烦恼get into troub

31、le陷入困境make trouble惹是生非；制造麻烦have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难take the trouble to do sth.不辞辛劳地做某事8.lose heart丧失勇气或信心lose ones heart to爱上put ones heart into专心于heart and soul全心全意；完全地Put your heart into your work and you will succeed in time.专心于工作，总有一天你会成功的。9.escapevi.&amp;vt.逃脱；逃走；避开(1)e

32、scapen./doing避免；逃脱escape fromn.从中逃脱(2)have a narrow escape死里逃生No one can escape punishment/being_punished (punish) if he breaks law.任何违法的人都逃脱不了惩罚。e to power当权；上台；执政(1)be in power当权；执政come into power上台；执政；当权(2)do all/everything in ones power to do sth.竭尽所能做某事within ones power某人力所能及的beyond ones power超

33、出某人的能力11.begvi.&amp; vt.请求；乞求(begged, begged)(1)beg for乞求得到；请求得到beg (sb.) to do sth.乞求(某人)做某事8beg ones pardon对不起；没有听清，请求别人再重复一次，此时多用升调(2)beggar n.乞丐12.rewardn报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏(1)give/offer a reward to sb. for (doing) sth.为(做)某事而给某人报酬in reward (for)作为(对的)报答(2)reward sb. with . for (doing) sth.为(做)某事

34、而以报答某人He gave the boy a reward of 100 for bringing back the lost dog.他奖励小男孩 100 美元，因为他送回了丢失的狗。In_reward,_I lent him a hand when he was in trouble.作为报答，当他陷入困境时，我帮了他一把。She got nothing in_reward_for her kindness.她的好心没有得到一点回报。She wanted to reward the cleaners with 1,000 for their efforts.她想对清洁工所做出的努力奖赏

35、1 000 英镑。13.set up建立；设立；创办set down记下；写下set aside把放在一边；省出；留出set off出发；动身；使爆炸set out出发；动身；着手做set about doing sth. set out to do sth.开始做某事14.sentencevt.判决；宣判 n判决；句子(1)be sentenced to被判处(徒刑)(2)sentence sb. to death判某人死刑sentence sb. to five years in prison判某人五年监禁sentence sb. to prison for life判处某人终身监禁9</p>