中考专项复习 初三英语培优资料（完形填空、改错及书面表达专题）.docx

1、1专题专题完形填空完形填空命题特点命题特点完形填空是一种综合性很强的测试题型， 它要求学生同时具备语言应用能力和阅读理解能力。考查内容包括各类词的用法、单词、短语辨析与搭配、语法、句子理解及语篇理解等。其特点是起点高、容量大。其题型为选择题。解题方法解题方法1快速通读全文。完形填空文章的首句一般是完整的，其目的是提供一个完整思路， 利于学生准确地预测和推断短文的主旨。学生应该顺着这个整体思路进行第一遍“跳读”，也就是不看选项快速通读全篇，从而把握文章大意。2抓住结构、语义及逻辑三条线索，推断和预测选项。完形填空题是人为地切断短文的思路， 再让学生依据自己对文章的理解恢复短文思路的题型。 在答题

2、时，首先要注意所选答案填入空白处后，整个句子的语法结构、词性、语态、时态是否合理；其次，看语义是否通顺，上下文是否连贯；第三，要注意必要的常识，同义词与近义词的细微区别和一些固定搭配；第四，如果几个选项填入空白处，结构和语义都没有问题，那么就要从逻辑上看填入哪个选项最合理。3在填完所有的空白之后，就进入到纠错阶段。通读全文，检查还原了的原文是否完整、合理。检查答案时，要把所有的选项一一对应到相应的空白处，把它作为一篇完整的文章来通读、 复查。 检查答案是否合理， 看它是否符合语法知识、行文逻辑、文章精神、作者的意图以及文体的特征等。不要只看语法和文法，更不要逐句翻译，而要整体地理解和把握全文。

3、四种解题技法：四种解题技法：1搭配法(1)从语法角度来说，句子不是词的序列，而是词组的序列。(2)因搭配关系而产生的一般性词汇。如：see a film。(3)词序和意义皆已固定的复合词和动词短语。如：push ahead with(奋力前行)。(4)常见的句式和词组搭配。如：It feels形容词不定式.在搭配判断时，注意：要区别外形相近而意义不同的搭配。 如： look for、look over、look out、look after、look up 等。要区别形不相似而意义相近的搭配。如：I paid 12 pounds for thedictionary./The book cost

4、 me a lot./It took three men to lift the box.句中的 pay、cost、take 都有“花费”的意思。 译成汉语时似乎相通。 但更要注意它们之间的搭配变化。要注意单个词组的多义性。如：take off 有“脱下(衣服)，(飞机)起飞，匆匆离开，取下(帽子)，休假”等多种含义。2语法判定法(1)要注意出现频率较高的词类题，依次为动词、介词、代词、连词、形容词和副词。选择各类词时，要注意以下几个方面：选择名词，应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词，注意其单复数。选择动词，要注意词义和惯用搭配，还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。选择介词，应注意其

5、习惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。选择代词，要注意人称和数是否准确。选择连词，要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。选择形容词和副词，要注意词义的区别和习惯用法；用于比较时，还要注意词形变化。(2)要注意句法题，搞清句子的种类、类型、省略和倒装。2句子的种类包括陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。一般以考查疑问句和感叹句的词序为多，其次是祈使句的零时态等。句子的类型有简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句。中考考查要点是复合句里的状语从句、宾语从句和直接引语、间接引语，也考查简单的定语从句。句子的省略与倒装很少考查，但要看得懂，不能引起对文章的曲解。(3)在语法适用方面，可以用择优法和排除法

6、。择优法是把各选项代入短文中，选出在词义上符合要求，且在语法上又没有语病的答案。排除法是在代入选项时如发现选项单词意义不对，或词与词之间的搭配不妥，或存在语法错误，或与上下文有矛盾，则迅速排除不合适的选项，剩下的就是正确答案。3逻辑推理法指根据上下文、前后句之间的语境或关键信息进行逻辑推理，或依靠生活经验和常识推断出正确答案。4语境法脱离上下文语境，把每个选项放在空格处，在语法、词性和意义上可能都是正确的，但在上下文具体语境和情境下，正确答案又是唯一的。一般此类题的选项词性一致， 需要分析空格处的前后内容或综合全文内容选出符合文意和逻辑的选项。巧学妙记巧学妙记完形填空题解题口诀：文章首句要重视

7、，全篇理解有启示。记叙体裁为主体，通读全文明旨意。填空多是实义词，四个选项巧设计。词类范畴必统一，确定最佳靠逻辑。字里行间找信息，个别填空借常识。相近词义细辨析，习惯用法靠记忆。复读反思再核实，确保无误莫忘记。AConfucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, part of todays Shandong Province.September28th is his birthday._1_he was born over 2,000 years ago, people still rememberhim on this day.His childhood was s

8、ad.His father_2_when he was only 3 and he had to work to helphis mother.But young Confucius didnt_3_studying.He visited many famousteachers and learned music，history, poetry and sports.Later, he became a teacher and started the_4_private school in Chinese history.Atthat time, only children from rich

9、 families could go to school, but Confuciusbelieved_5_should go to school if they wanted to learn.He had about 3,000 studentsin his lifetime.Today, people still follow his_6_.He told us that each person has something worthyto learn and teach.“When I am with three people, one of them must be_7_than m

10、ein some areas.I choose their good qualities(品质)and follow them.I take their badqualities and change them in myself.”He also taught us that thinking is very important in study.“All study but no thinkingmakes people puzzled(迷惑)All thinking but no study makes people_8_.”Confucius is not only a great t

11、eacher but also a famous_9_with wise thoughts aboutthe world and society.His most important teachings are about kindness and goodmanners.“A kind person should care for others.Be strict_10_yourself, but be kind toothers，” he said.3()1.A.BecauseBAfterCAlthoughDSince()2.A.dieBdiedCdeadDdeath()3.A.give

12、upBpick upCtake offDput off()4.A.oneBtwoCfirstDsecond()5.A.noneBsomeoneCno oneDeveryone()6.A.thoughtsBnewsCwaysDmessages()7.A.goodBwellCbetterDbest()8.A.lazilyBbeautifully ClazyDbeautiful()9.A.scientistBthinkerCengineerDexplorer()10.A.atBorCofDwithBAs a new teacher at Doull Primary School in Denver,

13、 Kyle Schwartz thought of asimple way to get to know her third graders, most of whom came from_1_families.She asked them to complete the_2_ “I wish my teacher knew.” andshare something about themselves.Their_3_ answers gave the teacher a chance to understand her studentsdifficulties.“I wish my teach

14、er knew I have no pencils to do my homework，”_4_one child.“I wish my teacher knew sometimes my reading homework is not signed(签名), because my mom is not_5_ a lot，” wrote another.Some shared hope forthe_6_.“I wish my teacher knew that I want to go to college.”“Some notes are really heartbreaking， ” S

15、chwartz tells ABC News.“I care_7_ abouteach of my students and I dont want them to be poor forever.” She explains, “I hopedto know_8_ I could better support them.So I_9_ to let them tell me what I neededto know.That was why I created the fillintheblank exercise.”_10_ the third graders were allowed t

16、o answer anonymously(匿名), most wanted toinclude names.And some were even excited to read their notes out loud，_11_ oneshy girl who bravely said that she was lonely.“After she told the class, I dont havefriends to_12_ me，I was worried what they would do，” Schwartz tells USWeekly.“However, I felt enco

17、uraged to see how much support the other kidsoffered_13_.They invited her to play at break and sit with them at lunch.You see，_14_ have an unusual ability to express empathy(同情)”“The results have been_15_， ” says Schwartz.“It speaks to the importance of givingpeople a voice and really listening to t

18、hem.”()1,A.traditionalBfriendlyCpoorDsmall()2.A.postcardBnoteCletterDdiary()3.A.honestBpoliteCusualDright()4.A.suggestedBcopiedCrepeatedDwrote()5.A.freeBcarelessCfamousDangry()6.A.societyBcourseCresearchDfuture()7.A.secretlyBdeeplyCnervouslyDdirectly()8.A.whereBwhyChowDwhen()9.A.decidedBrefusedCforg

19、otDlearned()10.A.UnlessBthoughCBecauseDOnce4()11A.likeBfromCagainstDexcept()12.A.look forBtalk aboutCdepend onDplay with()13.A.himByouCherDme()14.A.childrenBteachersCparentsDreporters()15.A.boringBsurprisingCworryingDrelaxingCHenry Bond was about ten years old when his father died.His mother found i

20、t_1_toprovide for a large family.By good management， however， she_2_to do so， and alsoto send Henry，the oldest，to school，and to buy him，for the most part，such booksas he needed.At one time， however， Henry wanted a_3_， in order to join a class， and his mothercould not_4_ him with the money to buy it.

21、He was very much troubled about it，and went to bed with a heavy heart，thinking what could be done._5_he woke in the morning，he found that a deep snow had fallen，and the coldwind was blowing_6_.“Ah， ” said he， “every problem brings an advantage for somepeople.”He rose，ran to the house of a neighbor，a

22、nd offered his service to clear a path aroundhis house.The_7_was accepted.When he had completed this work，and received hispay，he went to _8_ place for the same purpose，and then to another，until he hadgotten enough money to buy a grammar.When school began，Henry was_9_his seat，the happiest boy there，r

23、eady to beginthe lesson in his new book.From that time， Henry was always the first in all his classes.He knew no such word asfail，but always _10_ in all he tried.Having the will，he always found the way.()1.A.successfulBeasyCdifficultDimportant()2.A.agreedBmanagedCdecidedDtried()3.A.seatBnotebookCsch

24、oolbagDgrammar()4.A.provideBprotectCpromiseDproduce()5.A.BecauseB.ifC.As soon asDUntil()6.A.quietlyBslowlyChardDhardly()7.A.offerBagreementCplanDdecision()8.A.otherBanotherCthe otherDsome()9.A.overBinCatDwith()10.A.resultedBarrivedCfailedDsucceededDI am crazy about traveling abroad. Last year, I too

25、k a trip to Toronto _1_. Thosenights, I stayed in a youth hostel(青年旅社). For me, hostels are places_2_ I canmeet and talk to different people. Its a great fun for me. During the stay in the hostel,I met two girls, one from Brazil and _3_ from Slovakia. We three had very relaxingtalks together. We sha

26、red our personal travel experiences and the interesting peoplewe met with one another. The girl from Brazil was a lawyer(律师) who helped people_4_their family problems. She was taking a trip to Canada all by herself. The girlfrom Slovakia had great interest _5_ photography. As I was a photographyfan_

27、6_， we ended up talking about how to take perfect photos by using a camera.5The best part is that they both became my close friends. Up till now, sometimes westill talk with each other online. Last month, I got some photos from the Brazilian girl.To my _7_， she already had a baby daughter! In the ph

28、otos their big smiles madethem look like_8_people in the world. I was so glad for her. And its such a greatthing to know that there are people_9_you from far away. Though you may justmeet each other for_10_of hours, you have someone caring about you in the otherside of the world. And I think thats t

29、he fantastic part of traveling.()1.A.lonelyBAloneConeDyourself()2.A.thatBWhichCwhenDwhere()3.A.the otherBthe othersCanotherDother()4.A.discussBShareCsolveDfind()5.A.aboutBInCtoDwith()6.A.tooBEitherCneitherDas well()7.A.surprised BSurprisingCsurpriseDsurprises()8.A.beautifulBmore beautifulCmost beaut

30、ifulD.the most beautiful()9.A.remembering Bto rememberCrememberedDremember()10. Aa fewBa bitCa coupleDa littleEA man feared his wife wasnt hearing as well as she used to and he thought she mightneed some hearing aid (助听器) Not quite sure how to_1_ her， he called the familydoctor to discuss the proble

31、m.The doctor told him there was a simple test the husbandcould do to give the doctor a better_2_of her hearing loss.“Heres what you do，” said the doctor.“Stand about 40 feet away from her，and ina_3_conversational speaking tone(音调) see if she hears you.If not，go to 30 feet，then 20 feet，and so on_4_yo

32、u get a reply.”That evening，the wife was in the_5_，and he was in the yard.He said to himself，“Im about 40 feet away，and let me see what will happen.” Then in a usual tone heasked，“Honey，whats for dinner？”No_6_.So the husband moved closer to the kitchen，about 30 feet from his wife and asked，“Honey，wh

33、ats for dinner？”_7_no reply.Next he moved into the dining room where he was about 20 feet from his wifeand_8_，“Honey，whats for dinner？”Again he got no reply.He walked up to the kitchen door，about 10 feet away.“Honey，whats for dinner？”Again there was no reply.So he_9_right up behind her.“Honey，whats

34、for dinner？”“Chicken！James，for the_10_time Ive said that.”()1.A.saveBhelpCfaceDguide()2.A.choiceBexcuseCideaDsuggestion()3.A.loudBstrangeCspecialDusual()4.A.untilBbeforeCwhenDas()5.A.toiletBgardenCkitchenDdining room()6.A.dinnerBwayCmoveDreply6()7.A.StillBevenCJustDAlmost()8.A.laughedB. repeatedCtho

35、ughtDadded()9.A.ranB.stoodCwalkedDjumped()10.A.secondB.thirdCfourthDfifthFJane had two children to raise.She had to pay for the housing and_1_ clothes.Shehad a lot of bills.She worked in a_2_ every day and got $600 a week.Even whenshe was_3_， she went to work.Jane worked hard and did a great job.She

36、 depended on tips (小费) to help her getenough money to pay the bills.One night， after Jane had served dinner to a family， _4_ left a big tip on the table.Itwas _5_. Jane was taking care of another family at their table.When she turnedback，she found the money had been_6_.Jane saw a woman at another ta

37、ble staring at her when she_7_ the restaurant.Janewent to ask her what food she wanted.She_8_ just a sandwich.She did not leave atip after eating and Jane heard that she paid with a $20 bill.Jane was sure the womanhad stolen her_9_， but she couldnt prove (证明) it.The next night，the_10_ woman came int

38、o the restaurant.She gave Jane $50.Shesaid， “I was so sorry I took your money last_11_. I had a bad day.Someone stole mywallet.So I was angry.So I took your money._12_ that was not right.People should_13_ good things.Not bad things.So I want you to take the money.”“Ill take the $20 but you keep the_

39、14_. I know you need it，” said Jane.“You should have called the police，” the manager said to Jane.Jane said，“No.We should forgive(原谅) when someone says_15_ and wants tomake it right.We should try to help each other.”()1A.buyBdesignCmakeDwash()2.A.bookstoreBhospitalCrestaurantDschool()3.A.angryBafrai

40、dChappyDtired()4.A.heBsheCweDthey()5.A.$20B$30C$40D$50()6.A.handed inBtaken awayCgiven backDthrown out()7.A.looked atBlooked aroundClooked afterDlooked for()8.A.orderedBmadeCsoldDserved()9.A.bookBmoneyCdinnerDwallet()10.A.oldBbeautifulCsameDstrange()11A.nightB.weekCmonthDyear()12.A.AndBbutCSoDOr()13

41、.A.acceptBborrowCcookDshare()14.A.moneyBpromisesCrestDwords()15.A.helloBthanksCgoodbyeDsorryGYou should try to have a good relationship with your neighbours, because you neverknow _1_ you may need their help. If they do something to annoy(让不高兴)you，it is _2_ to discuss it in a polite way than to have

42、 an argument (争论) about it.7For example, if your neighbours are playing loud music that you do not like, ask thempolitely to _3_ the music instead of _4_ the police directly for help.Trees and fences(围栏) can also be a _5_ of disagreement between neighbours. Mygrandmother likes sitting _6_ in the sun

43、 after lunch, but her neighbour has put up ahigh fence that _7_ sunshine from going into her yard in the early afternoon. Mygrandmother does not want to be _8_ with him, because he _9_ her a lot ofsupport when my grandfather died last year. So she went to talk with the neighbour ina friendly way.The

44、n, her neighbour lowered the fence just enough to give her some sunshine_10_losing his privacy (私人空间). My grandmother cut down the tree that was above hisgarden and dropped leaves all over his lawn( 草 坪 ) in the autumn. Finally, theyreached an agreement which made both pleased.()1.AafterBBeforeCwhil

45、eDwhen()2.A.moreBBestCmostDbetter()3.A.turn downBturn upCturn offDturn on()4.A.goingBShoutingCcallingDgetting()5.A.cornerBCauseCresultDmessage()6.A.insideBIntoCoutsideDonto()7.A.stopsBOpensCshowsDsteals()8.A.lonelyBSillyCangryDawful()9.A.tookBCarriedCboughtDgave()10.A.withinBWithoutCalongDaboveHThe

46、Communist Party of China(中国共产党) has vowed(郑重宣告) to satisfy the peoplesdesire for “a better life” and_36_the idea into a key political document.The Chinese phrase“mei hao sheng huo”，which can be translated as “a happy life” or “a better life”，appeared 14times， _37_both in the opening section and the

47、last paragraph， in the report given by Xi Jinpingin October,2017 at the opening of the 19th CPC National Congress.Thereport at the five yearly congress _38_the most important politicalspeechinChina.ThisyearsreportsaidsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics(特色) had entered a new era，and it drew up a twos

48、tagedevelopment _39_ to build China into a “great modern socialist countryby mid21st century.By the end of the second stage，the Chinese peoplewill “enjoy happier，safer，and _40_lives.”()36A.wroteBputCwrittenDplanted()37A.includedBincludingCbesidesDexcept()38A.considersBis regardedCregardsDis consider

49、ed()39A.planBideaCwayDthought()40A.healthyBunhealthierChealthierDsweet8IIf anyone can be called a scientific giant afterAlbert Einstein，that person must be StephenHawking.He was born in Oxford，England on Jan.8th,1942.What a pity！On March 14th,2018，the worldfamous British scientist _41_ in Cambridge，

50、UK.After leaving high school，Hawking went first to Oxford University_42_he studied physics and then went to Cambridge University where hestudied cosmology(宇宙学)As he himself admitted，he didnt workhard.And he did _43_work.However，he always enjoyed thinkingeverything around him，especially the universe.