（2019版）人教版必修第三册英语Unit4 Space Exploration 知识点讲解学案.docx

1、Book 3 Unit 41. determined adj. 有决心的有决心的; 意志坚定的意志坚定的*However, some scientists were determined to help humans realize their dream to explore space.*Determined to look after his parents well, he moved to live with them.*No matter what happens, she has determined to tell the truth.*I have determined on

2、 being an astronaut after graduation.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)be determined to do sth 决心做某事决心做某事(2)determine vt. 确定确定; 下定决心下定决心determine to do sth 决定做某事决定做某事determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定决定determine that . . .决定决定(3)determination n. 决心决心; 决定决定【即学活用】(1)语法填空。His _(determine) look suggested that he wouldnt cha

3、nge his mind._(determine) to train his daughter in English, he found an English teacher for hisdaughter.It takes hard work and _(determine)to reach the goals that we want to achieve.(2)Sandra _(决定) become a doctor and her persistence paid off.(3)She _(决心) keep a journal.2. disappointed adj.失望的失望的; 沮

4、丧的沮丧的*He was disappointed that other guests were not coming.*Im really disappointed with/in you, Tom.*I was disappointed at not finding her at home.*After his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 milesper hour.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)be disappointed that. . .对对感到失望感

5、到失望be disappointed at/by sth.对某事感到失望对某事感到失望be disappointed in/with sb. 对某人失望对某人失望be disappointed to do sth.因做因做而感到失望而感到失望(2)disappointvt. 使失望使失望(3)disappointmentn. 失望失望; 沮丧沮丧to ones disappointment 令某人失望的是令某人失望的是(4)disappointing adj. 令人失望的令人失望的; 令人扫兴的令人扫兴的【即学活用】语法填空。(1) She was disappointed _(learn)

6、that she had failed the test at her first attempt.(2) She was _(disappoint)that he never replied to her letter.(3) When hearing the _(disappoint)news that he was banned from driving, the oldman was very _(disappoint).(4) From his _(disappoint)look, I knew he didnt pass the examination.(5) Much to hi

7、s _(disappoint), his son is addicted to smoking.3. desire n. 渴望渴望; 欲望欲望 vt. 渴望渴望; 期望期望*Its our desire that you should provide some money to fund our program, as well as offer us somepractical suggestions.*Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.*We always desire to live in peace with our ne

8、ighbors.*We desire that immediate help (should) be given to the local villagers who have been trapped bythe flood.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)desire to do 渴望做渴望做desire sb to do 希望某人做希望某人做desire that. . .希望希望(从句中用从句中用 should do 结构结构, should 可以省略可以省略)(2)a desire for sth.渴望某事渴望某事 (3)desirableadj. 令人满意的令人满意的; 值得要的值得

9、要的desiredadj. 渴望的渴望的; 想得到的想得到的【即学活用】(1)语法填空。She has no desire _the life in the city. Thats because she cant adapt to the fast pace of lifethere.Henry desires _(receive) his graduation certificate soon.(2)The old man _(希望他的儿子谋生) with dignity .(3)I _(有强烈的渴望) to reach in and play with the toy, but was

10、held backthankfully by the shop window.(4)We _(希望检验)the new robot within one month.(5) He had a computer at home, and he desired that the computer _(做所有的工作)for him.4. carry on 继续做继续做, 坚持干坚持干【词块积累】【词块积累】carry on (with) sth. /doing sth.继续继续(做做)某事某事carry out执行执行, 实施实施; 进行进行carry through帮帮渡过难关渡过难关; 把把进行

11、到底进行到底【即学活用】语法填空。(1) I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to carry _a conversation withher.(2)Although faced with so many difficulties, they still carried _with their research.(3) The support of her mother carried Jane Goodall _and she devoted herself to the studyof chimps.(4) He ga

12、ve himself a new name to hide his identity when he went to carry _the secret task.5. signal n. 信号信号; 标志标志 vi. &vt. 标志着标志着; 标明标明; 发信号发信号*She signalled that she was about to turn left.*My mother is signalling to me to remove the table.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事示意某人做某事signal (s

13、b ) that 示意示意signal sth to sb向某人示意向某人示意(2)traffic signals 交通信号灯交通信号灯【即学活用】(1)Kurdish leaders saw the visit as _of support.库尔德领导人将这次访问视作一种表示支持的重要信号。(2)She _great changes in energy policy. 她将暗示能源政策会有重大变化。6. so as to (do sth. )为了为了; 以便以便* She tried to slide into the room so as not to be seen by other p

14、eople.【名师点津】so as to 与 in order toso as to 引导的目的状语不可位于句首, 否定形式是 so as not to;in order to 引导的目的状语位于句首和句中均可, 否定形式是 in order not to 。*All of us worked hard in order to/so as to pass the exam.=In order to pass the exam, all of us worked hard.=All of us worked hard so that/in order that we could pass the

15、 exam.【即学活用】(1)He got up earlier _(以便)get to school on time.(2) _(为了不被听见), she pointed her finger upwards to signal thatsomeone was moving about upstairs.(3)(2018天津高考)Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend _(以便)they get sweet enough to be eaten.7. On 12April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became _.1961

16、年年 4 月月 12 日日, 尤里尤里 加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。【句式解构】本句中 the+序数词+n. +to do 表示第几个做某事的。不定式所修饰的名词或代词前面常有 only, first, last, next 或序数词、形容词最高级等修饰。*I am always the first person to get to the office.*He is always the first to come and the last to leave.*It was the first play to win all three of th

17、ese major awards.英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况主要还有英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况主要还有:被修饰词前有 the only,the very,the next 等词。*The next thing to do is to relax yourself completely.抽象名词 time,way,ability,reason,chance,courage,opportunity 等后常用不定式作定语。例如：*I had a chance to visit the Great Wall last month.表示将来的动作常用不定式作定语。例如：*I have som

18、ething important to tell you.【名师点津】【名师点津】（1）作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词, 不定式后面要有必要的介词。不定式后面要有必要的介词。*She has only a little room to live in.（2）如果不定式所表示的动作不是由主语发出）如果不定式所表示的动作不是由主语发出, 则不定式应使用被动语态。则不定式应使用被动语态。*I am going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your son?【即学活用】(1)She h

19、as a child _. 她有一个孩子要照顾。(2)He is not the kind of man _. 他不是做这种事的人。(3)She has the kindness _. 她出于好意帮助你。(4)Thank you for giving me the chance _. 谢谢你给我发言的机会。(5)Hed always be the first _.他总是第一个主动提出帮忙。8. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk,followed by the

20、 vehicle, Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.此后此后, 神舟六号和七号完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行和中国人的第一次太空行走神舟六号和七号完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行和中国人的第一次太空行走, 随后随后,“ “玉兔号玉兔号” ”被送往月球研究月球表面。被送往月球研究月球表面。【句式解构】(1)过去分词短语 followed by the vehicle 在句中作伴随状语。*Seated in his car, he waved goodbye to all the people who came to see

21、 him off.(2)过去分词短语通常在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。过去分词通常与句子的主语之间构成被动关系, 或表示动作已完成。*Used with care,one tin will last for six weeks.如果用得仔细的话, 一罐可以用六周。(表示条件)*Written in a hurry,this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙, 这篇文章不是很好。(表示原因)*The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.老师进来了, 后面跟着一群学生。(表示伴随)【即学活

22、用】 语法填空。 (1)_ (see)from the top of the hill, the school looks like a big garden.(2)_(give)more time, we could do it much better.(3)_ (encourage) by the teacher, the girl was very happy.(4)_(leave) alone at home, Jenny didnt feel afraid at all.9. launch vt. & n.发射发射; 发起发起; 上市上市*NASA plans to laun

23、ch a satellite to study cosmic rays.*It is time I launched out on my own. 到了我自己创业的时候了。*He launched into a lengthy account of his career. 他开始啰啰嗦嗦地讲述自己的工作经历。【词块积累】【词块积累】launch vehicle运载火箭运载火箭product launch产品发布产品发布launch pad 发射台发射台launch site发射场发射场; 发射区发射区 launch date 下水日期下水日期; 发行日期发行日期; 上市日期上市日期launch

24、 into开始做开始做, 投入投入launch out into开始从事开始从事, 投身于投身于【即学活用】(1)用 launch 的适当形式填空。The government _an advertising campaign to encourage people to vote.When _, the Macintosh was the smallest desktop computer ever produced.(2)Harrigan launched into a speech about the importance of new projects.译: _10. These di

25、sasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore theuniverse never died. 这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望, 但探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。但探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。【句式解构】 (1)句中 made everyone sad and disappointed 是 make 的复合结构, 即 make+宾语+宾语补足语; 其中 sad and disappointed 作宾语补足语。(2)make 的复合结构如: make sb do sth. 使/让某

26、人做某事*Our English teacher often makes us retell the texts.make sb /sth done (过去分词)使某人或某事被常用于 make oneself known/heard/understood. . .*Its too noisy. I cant make my voice heard.make sb. /sth doing 使某人或某物一直做*He makes the boy standing there all the time.make +sb. /sth +adj. 使某人或某物(变得)*She knew that thes

27、e solutions were not going to make me happy.make +sb. /sth +n 让某人或某物成为*They all want to make Jim their monitor.【即学活用】(1)语法填空。She fears more guns on the streets will make things _(bad).He raised his voice in order to make himself_(understand).(2)Mary tried to _(留我们吃晚饭).(3)He believes that the system

28、will _(让他成为一名更好的医生).11. This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despitethe huge risks. 这是因为尽管存在巨大的风险这是因为尽管存在巨大的风险, 人们仍然相信进行太空探索的重要性。人们仍然相信进行太空探索的重要性。This/That is because . . . 这这/那是因为那是因为This/That is why . . .这这/那就是那就是的原因的原因【即学活用】语法填空。(1) From space, the ear

29、th looks blue. This is _about seventy-one percent of its surface iscovered by water.(2) He was a reliable man. Thats _he was elected as mayor.12. lack vt. 缺乏缺乏; 没有没有 n. 缺乏缺乏; 短缺短缺*Jims real problem is that he lacks confidence.Their lack of exercise led to overweight.*More and more high-rise building

30、s have been built in big cities for lack of space.*Though Jack was lacking in experience, he made up for it in enthusiasm.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)(a) lack of . . .缺少缺少for lack of . . .由于缺乏由于缺乏(2)lackingadj. 缺乏的缺乏的; 缺少的缺少的be lacking in sth.缺少某物缺少某物【即学活用】(1) He _courage to do the work. 他缺乏做那项工作的勇气。(2) _could p

31、ut the birdshealth at risk. 缺乏睡眠会危害鸟的健康。(3)They did not close _customers. 他们不是因为缺少顾客才关门的。13. argue vt. &vi. 论证论证; 争辩争辩; 争论争论*The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promoteunderstanding across cultures.*Father argued against improper recycling.*He was in

32、an argument with his wife downstairs.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)argue with和和争吵争吵 argue about 因为因为争论争论argue that 主张主张, 认为认为argue for 赞成赞成; 支持支持argue against 反对反对; 据理反对据理反对(2) argumentn. 争论争论【即学活用】 用 argue 的相关短语填空。(1)Lets not _money.(2)In this article I will point out some further explanations,and _one of them.(3

33、)Listen! I am not going to _you.(4)He _the suggestion.14. result in 导致导致; 造成造成【词块积累】【词块积累】result from由于由于, 因为因为 as a result因此因此as a result of. . .由于由于【即学活用】用 result 的相关短语填空。(1) Success _hard work. 成功来自努力。(2) The accident _the death of two passengers. 这次事故造成两名乘客死亡。(3)(2019江苏高考)_, humans can perform v

34、ery complex tasks with their hands.因此, 人类可以用手完成非常复杂的任务。(4)She died _her injuries. 她因受伤而死。15. attach vt. & vi. 系系; 绑绑; 贴贴*Generally speaking, parents attach great importance to their childrens education.*Attach a recent photograph to your application form.*The hospital is attached to the medical

35、college.【词块积累】【词块积累】attach . . . to . . .把把附附/系在系在上面上面attach importance/value to . . .认为认为重要重要/有价值有价值 be attached to附属于附属于; 连在连在上上【即学活用】(1)Do you _learning English well?你认为学好英语重要吗?(2)The little girl _her English teacher. 这个小女孩非常喜欢她的英语老师。(3)We had better _labels _things before we file them away.我们最好在

36、把东西归档前先给它们贴上标签。16. figure out 弄懂弄懂; 弄清楚弄清楚; 弄明白弄明白【词块积累】【词块积累】find out 找出找出, 查明查明; 发现发现, 揭发揭发work out 解决解决; 算出算出; 实现实现; 制定出制定出; 弄懂弄懂; 锻炼锻炼(1)I _at a gym or swim twice a week. 我每周两次在健身房锻炼或游泳。(2)We must _how to solve the problem. 我们必须弄明白如何解决这个问题。(3)We _later that we had been at the same school. 后来我们才弄

37、清楚我们是校友。(4)I havent _ anything _ about him yet. 我还没有发现有关他的任何情况。17. limited adj. 有限的有限的*It is a waste of limited resources.*My life is limited, but learning is limitless. 吾生也有涯, 而知也无涯。*Dont take it for granted that natural resources can be used without limit.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)limitlessadj. 无限制的无限制的; 无界限

38、的无界限的limitv.& n. 限制限制limitationn. 限制限制, 能力上的不足能力上的不足(2)set a limit to. . .为为设置一个限制设置一个限制/极限极限without limit没有限制没有限制, 无极限无极限(3)limit sth to将某物限制在将某物限制在范围内范围内【即学活用】(1)语法填空。There is_(limit) time to finish the task.The organization committee set a limit _ the number of each delegation.I know my _(lim

39、it), so I wont do the things beyond my ability.(2)With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit forAlice Moore.译: _18. run out 用完用完; 耗尽耗尽*In the future, caring for the environment will become very important as earths naturalresources run out.*Bythe time thetraffic cle

40、ars,wewill have runoutof gas.【即学活用】(1)I have learnt that the problem of air pollution is universal and that we werelikely to _some natural resources.我了解到空气污染问题是全球性的, 而且我们可能会耗尽一些自然资源。(2) Hes leaving this position, because his term of office _.他就要离开这个工作岗位了, 因为他的任期已满。(3)(2019 天 津 高 考 )Weve all known people who _steam before they reach lifeshalfway mark. 我们都知道有些人在到达生命的中途之前就会失去动力。(4)句型转换：We ran out of time before the party. 聚会前我们没时间了。_before the party.