（2019版）新人教版高中英语必修第三册Unit 2 Useful words and expressions ppt课件.pptx

1、Useful words and expressionsUnit 2 Morals and virtues1. moral （男女问题上的）（复数（男女问题上的）（复数morals）品行，道）品行，道德德; C寓意寓意 (=message) adj. 道德的道德的; 道义上的道义上的; 道德高尚的道德高尚的moral issues/standards/values/principles 道德道德问题、标准、价值、原则问题、标准、价值、原则pmorally adv. 道德上的，道义上的道德上的，道义上的Young people have no (public) _ these days.Valu

2、es and _ are independent of religious faith. （独立于）（独立于）morals morals _(return) the money presented Steven with a _ dilemma. （给某人造成问题、困（给某人造成问题、困境）境） And the _ of the story is that crime doesnt pay（合算、值得）（合算、值得）. . There is a general belief that village life is somehow _ superior to city life. 人们普遍认为

3、乡村生活比城市生活更好人们普遍认为乡村生活比城市生活更好 （be superior to 比比.更好、更强）更好、更强）Returningmoral morally moral 2. virtue U 美德美德 C （一个）优秀品质，（一个）优秀品质， 良好习惯；良好习惯；优点，长处优点，长处He led a life of virtue. =He led a moral life. 他过着高尚生活他过着高尚生活 Honesty/Patience is a/his virtue.The great virtue of camping is its cheapness/that it is ch

4、eap. （.优点是优点是.）=Camping has the virtue of cheapness/of being cheap. （有（有.的优点）的优点）3. dilemma 【C】(进退两难的进退两难的) 困境困境p be in / face/be faced with the (moral) dilemma about/over the job offer about/over/of/as to whether to accept the job offer or not of choosing between career and family 处于处于/面对进退两难的面对进退两

5、难的.（道德）境地（道德）境地p put/place sb. in a dilemma 使某人处于进退两难的境地使某人处于进退两难的境地p solve/overcome a dilemma 解决、克服一个困境解决、克服一个困境 4. What hard choices was Dr Lin faced with throughout her life? pbe faced with (a choice/job/decision/difficulty /dilemma) =face 面临面临pface sb. with sth. 使某人面临，把使某人面临，把.摆在某人面前摆在某人面前 _(aff

6、ect) by uncertain factors, the loan(贷款贷款) of commercial banks may _ (face) with risks. _ (face) with difficulty/difficulities, lets all do our best. Affectedbe faced Faced = Facing 5. illustrate vt. 1) illustrate (ones point.) (with pictures, examples.) =explain, show or make sth. clearer by using e

7、xamples, pictures, etc.（用举例、图画等）说明，解（用举例、图画等）说明，解释释2) illustrate (a book/article.) with (pictures) =put (picures) in a book, article etc. 给（书、文章给（书、文章等）加（插图）等）加（插图）3) (sth./that/wh-) =show 说明说明pillustration C & U 实例，示例；实例，示例； 图示；图示； 插图，图插图，图表表 He illustrated the phenomenon _ examples. _ (illusta

8、te) my point, let me tell you a little story/give an example. His lecture _(illustrate) with photos _ (take) during the expedition (探险探险). This behaviour _ your selfishness. Can you give me an (typical) _ (illustrate) of what you mean? a beautifully _(illustate) book 一本配有美丽插图的书一本配有美丽插图的书withTo illus

9、tratewas illustratedtakenillustratesillustrationillustrated6. “.To a person, nothing is more precious than their life, _ if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, _ (say) Im cold, hungry, or tired?”对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加宝贵的了。对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加宝贵的了。如果人们把生命托付给我，我怎么能说自己冷、自己饿、如果人们把

10、生命托付给我，我怎么能说自己冷、自己饿、自己困，而拒绝这份信任呢？自己困，而拒绝这份信任呢？并列复合句，并列复合句，and 之后分句含有之后分句含有if条件状从和（条件状从和（that）宾从，宾从，saying.为现在分词短语作为现在分词短语作could refuse的伴随的伴随状语。状语。and saying 1) nothing is more precious than their life. 没有什么比他们的生命更加宝贵的了。没有什么比他们的生命更加宝贵的了。 =nothing is as/so precius as their life. =their life is more pr

11、ecious than anything else. =their life is the most precious of all.英语比较级英语比较级表示最高级意义的表达方式：表示最高级意义的表达方式：l否定词否定词(nothing, nobody, no, not, few, never)+形容形容词词/副词比较级副词比较级( + than)l否定词否定词(.)+so/as+形容词形容词/副词原级副词原级+ as. all the other +名词复数名词复数l比较级比较级+than+ the other+名词复数名词复数 any other+名词单数名词单数 any of the o

12、ther +名词复数名词复数 anything/anyone else _ Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”, and up to now nobody _ (be) able to do this _(well) than Charlie Chaplin. _ （没有什么东西比健康更宝贵）（没有什么东西比健康更宝贵）. As has been better Nothing is more precious than health =Nothing is as/

13、so precious as health _（没有人比（没有人比Bill Gates更有钱或更富有）更有钱或更富有） . What a wonderful novel! I have never read a _(move) one. I have never spent a _ (worry) day. We couldnt have picked a _ (bad) day for the picnic it rained non-stop. I think its a bad idea. I couldnt agree _ (much). Canada _ _（比世界任何其它国家有更多

14、的淡水）（比世界任何其它国家有更多的淡水）.No person has more money or is richer than Bill Gates has more fresh water than any other country in the world=No one has so much moeny than or is so rich as Bill Gates more movingmore worrying worse more = I completely agree. = has the most fresh water in the world. 2) entrust

15、 sb. with sth./doing sth. =entrust sth./doing sth. to sb. 把某事托付给某人把某事托付给某人 我委托我委托Rachel 安排聚会事宜。安排聚会事宜。 I entrusted Rachel with the arrangements for the party. =I entrusted the arranements for the party to Rachel.=I entrusted Rachel with arranging the party. All employees _(entrust) with the care of

16、children are given a police check. The committee carried out the duties _ (entrust) to it.entrusted entrusted 7. These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through a life of hard choices. 林巧稚医生的这些话让我们得以窥见这位了不起的女性林巧稚医生的这些话让我们得以窥见这位了不起的女性的内心

17、世界，并了解是什么帮助她度过充满艰难抉择的的内心世界，并了解是什么帮助她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。一生。复合句，其中复合句，其中what 引导宾语从句，并在从句中充当引导宾语从句，并在从句中充当carried 主语主语1) give sb. a look into sth. 让某人洞悉让某人洞悉. =give sb. insight into sth. 使某人深刻了解某事使某人深刻了解某事The article gives us a real insight into Chinese culture.2) carry sb. through (sth.) 帮助某人度过难关；帮助某人度过难关；ca

18、rry sth. through （克服困难后）把（克服困难后）把.进行到底或顺进行到底或顺利实现利实现.In the end, it was her passionate belief in justice _ carried her through (many difficulties). 是她坚信正义最终帮助她度过了难关。是她坚信正义最终帮助她度过了难关。 Despite powerful opposition(反对反对), they managed _ (carry) their reforms/task/plan through._ (make) a promise, you mus

19、t carry it through.that to carry Having made pcarry on (with) sth. =continue (with) sth.继续做某事继续做某事 pcarry on doing sth. =continue doing/to do sth. 继续做某事继续做某事 pcarry out a plan/promise/an order 执行、履行执行、履行pcarry out a test/investigation/survey 进行（测试、进行（测试、调查、民意测试调查、民意测试.pcarry off 赢得赢得, 获得获得 (an award

20、/Oscar/prize) =winpbe/get carried away 激动激动得得忘乎所以忘乎所以8. As a five-year-old girl, Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by her mothers death.1)划线部分为从属连词划线部分为从属连词as（当（当.时候）时候）引导的省略的时引导的省略的时间状语从句，间状语从句， 类似的结构有：类似的结构有：as a boy/a young man2) be deeply affected by (the news/story/sb.s death) .使某人深受打击、深感悲伤、深受感动使

21、某人深受打击、深感悲伤、深受感动They were deeply affected by the news of her death.pbe badly affected by .被被.影响影响/感染感染/侵扰侵扰The south of the country was (the) worst affected by the drought/flood. 9. At age 18, instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls, she chose to study medici

22、ne.18岁的时候，她没有像大多数女孩一样沿着结婚的传统岁的时候，她没有像大多数女孩一样沿着结婚的传统道路走下去，而是选择了学医。道路走下去，而是选择了学医。=At the age of 18, she didnt follow the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls. _, she chose to study medicine1) choose/elect to do sth. 选择做某选择做某事事;决定决定/宁愿做某事宁愿做某事pchoose sb./sth. for sth. / to do sth./ a

23、s sb./sth. 选择某人选择某人/物做某事物做某事; 选择某人选择某人/物作为物作为Instead (chose, chosen, choosing choice n.) pchoose .from/out of sb./sth. 从从.挑选挑选pchoose between.and/or .在在.和和.之间之间做出选择做出选择pThere is nothing/little to choose between.and. 两者不相上下；难分高低两者不相上下；难分高低pchoose wh- to do 选择什么、哪一选择什么、哪一.可做可做They _（选择辞职）（选择辞职） rather

24、 than work for the new manger. Nowadays many people _（宁愿（宁愿不结婚）不结婚）.chose to resign choose not to marry They chose Donald _（担任他们队长）（担任他们队长）. Anyone _ (choose) politics _ a carrer must face intense competition. Why did you choose me _（从事这份工作）（从事这份工作）? There is a huge range of activities _ _ _（可从中选择）（

25、可从中选择）. There are so many interesting English books in the library that I dont know _ （选择哪一本）（选择哪一本）. choosing as for /to take up the job to choose fromwhich one to choose as/to be their team captain To my delight, I _(choose) _ hundreds of applicants _ (attend) the opening ceremony.Lin Qiaozhi had

26、to _（在（在.之之间做出选择）间做出选择）staying in the USA _ going home.There is little/nothing _ _ _ the different methods except for their cost.choose between to choose betwen was chosento attend from/out of and / or 2) follow the/ones path/way/road/sign/direction 按照按照/沿着道路、标志、方向走；沿着道路、标志、方向走； 遵循遵循.的方法的方法_(follow)

27、 Janes way of studying chimps (黑猩猩黑猩猩), our group are all going to visit them in the forest.3) the majority of +复数名词作主语：谓语用复数形式复数名词作主语：谓语用复数形式pthe majority 单独作主语：谓语单复数都可以。单独作主语：谓语单复数都可以。 大多数大多数.（人）（人）The majority of people _ (interview) _ (prefer) cellphones to TV.Following interviewed prefer（follow

28、ing 为现在分词短语作方式状语）为现在分词短语作方式状语） The majority _ (be) in favour of the proposal.10.“Why should girls learn so much? Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained, _(think) of the high tuition fees.因为考虑到高昂的学费，她哥哥抱怨道因为考虑到高昂的学费，她哥哥抱怨道:“:“为什么女孩为什么女孩子要学这么多子要学这么多? ?找到一个好丈夫应该是她们的最

29、终目找到一个好丈夫应该是她们的最终目标标!”!”该句子含有直接引语，斜体字部分为现在分析短语作该句子含有直接引语，斜体字部分为现在分析短语作原因状语原因状语, , 相当于原因状语从句：相当于原因状语从句：is/are/was/were thinking (=because/as/since he thought of the.) pcomplain to sb.(about/of sth./that从句从句) 向某人抱怨（有关某事向某人抱怨（有关某事.） =make a complaint to sb.(about/against sth./that.) We complained to th

30、e hotel manager that the room was too noisy / about the noise of the room.11. She responded, “Id rather stay single to study all my life!” 她她回答回答，“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人，也要学我宁愿一辈子不嫁人，也要学医！医！”1) respond (to sb. / a(n) letter/email/question) (with sth./by doing sth.) (that 从句从句) vt./vi. (=reply (to)/answer.) （口头或书

31、面）回答、回复某人（口头或书面）回答、回复某人prespond to sth. (news/suggestion/request) (with sth./by doing sth.) =react to sth. (用用/通过通过方式方式)对对.作出反应作出反应pmake no response/reply/answer (to sb./sth.) 对对.做出回答、回复做出回答、回复p(do sth.) in response to sb./sth. 作为对作为对.的回应的回应He responded to me/my question/ letter / email _ a phone ca

32、ll/_ calling me. (=replied to/answered.)When _(ask) about the companys future, the director responded that he remained/stayed optimistic.with by asked He responded (to my suggestion) _ a laugh / a nod / _ laughing /nodding._(respond) to the news, Mr Watt appealed for （呼吁）（呼吁） calm.All these changes

33、occurred _（以以回应）回应）economic or political pressures.I am writing _（以回复）（以回复） your letter of June 12.Carl _（不作回答）（不作回答）(to my question), and carried on with his meal, _ made me very _(disappoint).with by Responding in response to in response to made no response which disappointed What was the response

34、 _ most people / _ the news?Compare:panswer a letter/an email/an advertisement 复信、回复电子邮件、对广告做出反应复信、回复电子邮件、对广告做出反应panswer the phone/the door 接电话、应门（铃）声开门接电话、应门（铃）声开门2) would/should rather do sth. (than do sth.) 宁愿做某事（不愿做某事）宁愿做某事（不愿做某事）3) stay 系动词系动词 =keep, remain 一直一直/继续继续/仍然保持仍然保持stay positive/singl

35、e/fit/healthy/fresh/young/slimstay calm/awake/open/cleanstay friends/a worker 一直是朋友、工人一直是朋友、工人stay seated/unchanged 继续坐着、保持不变继续坐着、保持不变from to 12. Eight years later, Lin graduated _ Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) _ the Wenhai Scholarship, the highest prize _(give) to graduates.简单句，斜体字部分为名词短语作同位语

36、。简单句，斜体字部分为名词短语作同位语。Eieght years later=After eight years13. She immediately became the first woman ever _ (hire) as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.简单句，斜体字部分为动词不定式被动语态短语作定语。简单句，斜体字部分为动词不定式被动语态短语作定语。from with given to be hired 不定式被动语态短语作定语不定式被动语态短语作定语1) 不定式短语作定语句型之一

37、：不定式短语作定语句型之一：pthe first/second/./lastpthe next/very(正正好好)/onlypthe youngest/best “第一第一/二二.做某事做某事/被被.的人的人/物物” Which two (countries) were the first _ (join) together? (B2,U4) Hes the oldest athlete ever _ (win/award) an Olympic gold medal. He was the first black _ (elect) as president.(+n.) + to do s

38、th. to be doneto win/to be awarded to be joined (不定式与被修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓不定式与被修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系或动宾关系)to be elected In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever _ (appoint) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.2) hire sb. as sb. / for sth. to do sth.（英国英语）（英国英语）短期短期或或（美国英语）（美国英语）长期雇佣某

39、人担长期雇佣某人担任、从事、做某事任、从事、做某事两种英语长期雇佣、聘用某人用两种英语长期雇佣、聘用某人用employ，appoint 英国英语英国英语: 短期租用短期租用hire，出租，出租hire out 长期租用长期租用rent，出租，出租rent (out), let (a flat /house) (out) 美国英语：短期或长期租用美国英语：短期或长期租用rent, 出租出租rent out to be appointed 14. Within six months, she was named a chief resident physician, a position that

40、 usually took four years to achieve. 在六个月之内，她被任命为住院主任在六个月之内，她被任命为住院主任医师，这是通常需要四年时间才能获得的职位。医师，这是通常需要四年时间才能获得的职位。复合句，斜体字部分为同位语，其中含有复合句，斜体字部分为同位语，其中含有that引导定语引导定语从句。从句。1) resident C 居民，住户；房客，住宿者；住院医生居民，住户；房客，住宿者；住院医生 adj. （某地的、某机构）居住、工作的（某地的、某机构）居住、工作的; the towns resident population 镇上的居民镇上的居民 (=not to

41、urists or visitors) a chief resident physician 住院主任医师住院主任医师physicist n. n. 物理学家物理学家2) name +宾语（宾语（n./pron）+宾补（宾补（n.) 给某人给某人/物取名、命名为物取名、命名为. My mother insisted on naming me Horace. I have a new roommate _ (name) Louis.p name +宾语（宾语（n./pron.）+(as) 宾补（宾补（n.) 选中、任命某人担任选中、任命某人担任 =choose/appoint.(as). The

42、 president named her (as) Secretary of the State. He was named (as) player of the year / captain of the football team at the awards ceremony.named 总统任命她为国务卿。总统任命她为国务卿。pname +宾语（宾语（n./pron）+to (the committee/post) 选中、任命某人到某部门、岗位任职选中、任命某人到某部门、岗位任职 When she resigned, he was named to the committee/to th

43、e post by the chairman _ her place.3) sth. takes (sb.) time to do 某事（花某人）某事（花某人）.时间去时间去做做It was also a treasure _(decorate) with gold and jewels, _ took the countrys best artists about ten years _(make).The decoration of the house has taken months _(complete).in decoratedwhichto maketo complete15. S

44、he greatly impressed her American colleagues, who invited her to stay. Dr Lin, _, rejected the offer (to stay in the US). 美国同行对她印象极佳，邀请她留下。然而然而，林医生谢绝了邀请。，林医生谢绝了邀请。1) (greatly) impress sb. (with/by sth.) 某人、事物（以某人、事物（以.品质或特点）给某人留下（深刻）品质或特点）给某人留下（深刻）印象印象 One candidate/interviewee_ particular impressed

45、 us _ her knowledge/confidence. We _ (impress) with/by one candidates / interviewees performance.inwithwere inpressedhoweverpimpress on sb. the importance/value/need of sth. that 宾从宾从 使某人清楚、铭记使某人清楚、铭记（某事的重要性、价值、必要性（某事的重要性、价值、必要性).2) reject a(n) offer/suggestion/invitation/application/ decision/propo

46、sal/plan/argument/idea/applicant =refuse to accept or consider 拒绝接受拒绝接受; ; 不予考虑；不予考虑；不不录用录用prefuse (sb. / sth. / to do sth.) vt. & vi. 拒绝别人请求、所给之物、做某事拒绝别人请求、所给之物、做某事pdecline (sth./to do sth.) 谢绝谢绝, 婉拒婉拒 某物、做某事某物、做某事(vt. & vi.)pturn sb./sth. down 拒绝拒绝 vt.psay no (to sb./sth.) 拒绝拒绝 vt. & v

47、i. 2) (reject/refuse/decline/turn down/accept/take up) an/ones/the offer of work/help/marriage/a free trip to pay/resign/help 拒绝、接受提议、报价拒绝、接受提议、报价poffer sb. sth. /sth. to sb. 主动提供某物给某人主动提供某物给某人 vt.poffer to do sth. 主动做某事主动做某事 vt. If _ (give) something you dont want to eat, just _ politely. Ive been

48、_ by all the universities I applied to. Jimmy offered to marry her again, but shed already _him three times. I absolutely _ to take part in anything illegal.rejectedrefused=turned him downrefusegivenrefuse=decline16. In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the

49、 OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital _ just a few months later, the department was closed because of the war. 在在19411941年，林医生成为第一位曾被任命为协年，林医生成为第一位曾被任命为协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性和医院妇产科主任的中国女性.1) appoint sb. (as/to be) (director) to sth. to do sth. but任命任命/ /委任某人担任委任某人担任职位职位任命任命/ /委任任职委任任职岗位岗位/ /部门部门任命任命/ /委任做

50、某事委任做某事appointment U & C 任命；职位、职务任命；职位、职务=name. Shes recently been appointed by the chairman (_) sales director_ the post of sales director_ the committee. A committee was appointed _ (investigate) these complaints. _(appoint) as/to be headmaster of the school, he spared no efforts to improve its teaching quality.