（2019版）新人教版高中英语必修第三册Unit 4Grammar 宾语从句讲解含答案.docx

1、宾语从句宾语从句一、基本讲解一、基本讲解1概念概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)2.连接词连接词(1) 陈述句陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用 that,口语中常常省略。She told me (that) she would like to go with us.(2)以以 whethe

2、r 或或 if 引导的宾语从句, 用来引导一般疑问句或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。注意注意 whether 和和 if 的用法区别的用法区别在具有选择意义，又有 or 或 or not 时，尤其是直接与 or not 连用时，往往用 whether（ifor not 也可以使用）。Let me know whether

3、 or not he will comeI dont know whether or not he does any washing在介词之后用 whether。Im interested in whether he likes EnglishWere thinking about whether we can finish the work on timeI worry about whether I hurt her feelings在不定式前用 whether。He hasnt decided whether to visit the old manI dont know whether

4、 to goHe hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by trainwhether 置于句首时，不能换用 if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用 whether。Whether she will come or not is still a questionThe question is whether we can catch the bus若用 if 会引起歧义时，则用 whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解

5、为：aPlease let me know whether you like the book请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。 if 当如果讲时，当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句，引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用这时不能用 whether.He said that if he were free，he would visit me(3).特殊疑问句特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。Could you tell me whats the matterwr

6、ong with you?特殊情况：当特殊情况：当 do you think 后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词do you think陈述句语序陈述句语序 3.宾语从句时态宾语从句时态a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）?b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。当主句是一般过去时，

7、从句要用过去时的相应时态。I didnt know （if/whether he had seen the film.）所谓过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化1He tells me “Ill go to shanghai”He tells me that he will go to shanghai”He told me that he would go to shanghai”2. He asked the woman“ Can I help you?”He asked the woman if /whether he could help her3.He asked the woman “w

8、hat Can I do for you?”He asked the woman “what he could do for her.注意注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。He said （that the earth moves round the sun.）The teacher told us （that light travels much faster than sound.）4.、人称的变化和标点的使用、人称的变化和标点的使用a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾

9、语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：“May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife.一般现在时态（动词原形/单三的动词+s/es一般过去时态(动词变过去式)现在进行时态(is/are doing)过去进行时态(was/were doing)现在完成时态(have/has+过去分词）过去完成时态（had +过去分词）一般将来时态 will do;is/are going to do过去将来时态（would do;was/were going to do）过去完成时（had +过去分词）过去完成时（

10、had +过去分词）一般过去时过去完成时（had +过去分词）“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me.He asked me if I know her telephone number.b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Who will give us a talk? I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk.Do you know？Where does he live? Do you know where he lives?注意：注意

11、：if 和 when 既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if 和 when 引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否是否”和和“何时何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如如果，假如”和和“当当时候时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？Sorry，I dont knowWhen he comes back，Ill tell you对不

12、起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。I dont know if he will come我不知道他是否会来。He will come if it doesnt rain如果不下雨，他会来的。二二 宾语从句的转化宾语从句的转化1当主句谓语动词是 hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree 等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.2.当主句的谓语动词是 know, learn, forg

13、et, remember, decide 等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时， 主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。I dont know which sweater I should buy.I dont know which sweater to buy.3 当主句谓语动词是 tell， ask， show， teach 等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to th

14、e station？4. 当主句谓语动词是 find，see，watch，hear 等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带 to 的不定式或 V-ing 形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.5 当主句的谓语动词是 order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。The headmaster ordered that we should

15、start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.6 动词 seem 后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.7 有 find 作谓语动词时，可转换8 I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well.we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy9 否定转移将 think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine 等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。注意：若谓语动词为 hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。