（2019版）新人教版高中英语必修第三册Unit 5 词汇导学案.docx

1、第 1 页 共 13 页人教版人教版(2019)新教材高中英语第三册第五单元词汇导学案新教材高中英语第三册第五单元词汇导学案UNITUNIT FIVEFIVE1.basis bess : n. 基础基础; 根据根据; 基点基点(复数：复数：bases )base: n. 底部底部; 基础基础; (军事军事)基地基地1)Is money the basis of a happy life?2)The basis of a good marriage is trust.3)This report will form the basis for our discussion.2.on the bas

2、is of: 在某事的基础上在某事的基础上; 根据某事根据某事1)Scholarships are given mainly on the basis of grades.2)He was chosen for the job on the basis of his ability.3. loan ln : n.贷款贷款;借款借款You can pay back the loan in three years.4. take out a loan: 取得贷款取得贷款get/receive a loan: 获得贷款获得贷款apply for a loan: 申请贷款申请贷款pay back a

3、loan: 偿还贷款偿还贷款pay off a loan: 还清贷款还清贷款1)Tom spent all his savings and took out a large loan.2)Were going to take out a small business loan.3)I will have to take out a loan to buy a house.4)She wants to take out a loan for school.5. plastic plstk: n. 塑料塑料; 塑料学塑料学(plastics)adj. 塑料制的塑料制的;塑料的塑料的1)Chen L

4、iyan found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan Railway Station.2)A plastic bottle is floating in the water.3)The pipes are made of plastic.6. apologise pldaz (= apologize):v. 道歉道歉;谢罪谢罪apology: n. 道歉道歉;谢罪谢罪apologise for.: 因因.而道歉而道歉apologise to sb (for.): (因因.而而)向某人道歉向某人道歉make an apology to

5、sb: 向某人道歉向某人道歉1)Wang Zheng apologised to Chen because he couldnt offer her more money.2)If you hurt someones feelings, you should apologise.3)You should apologize for your mistake.7. ignore n(r): v. 忽视忽视;对对不予理会不予理会leave/letalone/be: 不打扰不打扰.; 不惊动不惊动.leave alone: 更不用说更不用说1)Also, while listening dont i

6、gnore the speakerstone and intonation-these can beimportant clues. too2)She ignored him and carried on with her work.3)The government has ignored his views on the project.8. in return(for.): 作为回报作为回报;作为回应作为回应in turn:依次依次; 轮流轮流; 转而转而1)When we help someone, should we expect to get something in return?

7、第 2 页 共 13 页2)He sent me a present; I should give him something in return.3)In return, they expect you to work hard and make a contribution to the factory.4)She will buy you a car in return for your help in the past.5)If we drive in turn, we will not be tired.9. judge dd : v. 评价评价;评判评判;判断判断n. 法官法官;

8、审判员审判员; 裁判员裁判员judgement/judgment : n. 判断判断(力力); 判决判决; 评价评价judging by/from: 从从判断判断coach: n. 教练教练athlete/ player : n. 运动员运动员1)Should we judge people based on how much money they have?2)Dont judge a book by its cover. 不要以貌取人。3)The judge sentenced(判处) him to ten years in prison.4) Judging by her last le

9、tter,she is having a wonderful time there.10.scene sin: n. (戏剧或歌剧的戏剧或歌剧的)场场; 现场现场; 场面场面see-saw-seen1)THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTEACT1, SCENE 32)Many firefighters were on the scene immediately.3) The driver was seen running away from the scene of the accident.11.narrator nret(r): n(书书/戏剧或电影中的戏剧或电影中的)叙

10、述者叙述者;讲述者讲述者;(电视节目中的电视节目中的)幕后解说员幕后解说员1)Lucy, the storys narrator, is an actress in her late twenties.2)The narrator is a special and important character.12.narration nren: n.叙述叙述; 讲述讲述; 解说解说1)He has recorded the narration for the film.2)This novel uses the first person(人称) in narration.13.bet bet (

11、bet-bet): n. 打赌打赌;赌注赌注v. 下赌注下赌注;用用打赌打赌win/lose a bet: 赌赢赌赢/赌输赌输1)He bet $500 on the final score of the match.2)You have to be over 16 to bet.3)We can put a bet on almost anything these days.4)I have a bet on the horse.14.make a bet : 打个赌打个赌make a bet with sb : 与某人打个赌与某人打个赌make/have/place/put a bet o

12、n.:就就.打赌打赌/下赌下赌1)Two rich brothers, Roderick and Oliver, have made a bet.2) Lets make a bet on the football match.15. servant svnt: n. 仆人仆人;佣人佣人a public servant: 公务员公务员waiter: n. (男男)服务员服务员waitress: n. (女女)服务员服务员1)They treat their mother like a servant.2)This man is a hardworking public servant.第 3

13、页 共 13 页16. as a matter of fact: 事实上事实上;其实其实; 说真的说真的in fact=in effect=actually1)Its not that/so difficult. As a matter of fact, its quite easy.2)As a matter of fact, he isnt richer than a beggar.3)You did a good job, as a matter of fact.17.by accident: 偶然地偶然地; 意外地意外地by chance:偶然地偶然地on purpose: 故意地故意

14、地by mistake: 错误地错误地; 无意中无意中1)As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident.2)We met by accident at the airport.3)Last time I met her in the street by accident.4)She discovered the problem by accident.5)The old man got his lost car back by accident.18. sail seil: v.(船船)航行航行; (人人)乘船航行乘船航行sailor

15、：n. 海员海员; 水手水手go sailing: 去航海去航海; 驾帆船航行驾帆船航行set sail (from/for): 起航起航; 开航开航1)About a month ago, I was sailing, and towards night I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.2)We discovered that house while we were sailing around the island.19.spot spt: v. 看见看见;注意到注意到;发现发现n. 地点地点;处所处所;斑点斑点;污迹污

16、迹discover: v. 发现发现see: v. 看见看见notice/note: v. 注意到注意到place: n. 地点地点; 场所场所; 处所处所on the spot/scene: 在现场在现场1)The next morning I was spotted/discovered by a ship.2)Can you spot the difference between these two pictures?3)She is wearing a black skirt with white spots.4)He says the spots are usually caused

17、 by too much water.20.consulate knsjlt: n. 领事馆领事馆1)They managed to make contact with the Chinese consulate in Los Angeles.2)The United States Consulate can provide further information about the plane crash.3)Your headmaster has been seen entering the Japanese consulate.21.dare de(r): v. 胆敢胆敢;敢于敢于实义动

18、词实义动词： 有人称有人称、 数和时态的变化数和时态的变化。 一般现在时第三人称单数作主语要加一般现在时第三人称单数作主语要加 s,一般过去时要加一般过去时要加 d; 用用do/does/did 构成否定句，疑问句及回答。后接构成否定句，疑问句及回答。后接 to 不定式，不定式，to 可以省去。可以省去。情态动词：情态动词： 用于否定句、疑问句、用于否定句、疑问句、if 条件句；一般现在时无人称或数的变化，均用原形条件句；一般现在时无人称或数的变化，均用原形, 后接动后接动词原形。一般过去时要加词原形。一般过去时要加 d 。1)I went to the American consulate

19、to seek help, but .Anyway, I didnt dare to try again.2)We dare (to) stand in the sun for about twenty minutes.3)She dares (to) jump down the building.4)He dared (to) cross the expressway yesterday.第 4 页 共 13 页5)They will dare to ask such questions as sex.1)I darent stand on the top of the tower. The

20、re is something wrong with my heart.2)If you dare speak to your teacher like that, I will punish you.3) -Dare you swim in the river?-Yes, I dare. / No, I darent.22. sort st: n. 种类种类; 类别类别(没有没有 kind 正式正式)kind: n. 种类种类(普通用词，常与普通用词，常与 sort/type 换用换用)type: n. 种类种类; 类型类型1)What sort/kind of work did you d

21、o in America?2)Hes the sort of person who only cares about money.3)There are many different sorts of animals on the island.4)Birds can be divided into many kinds/sorts/types.5)What blood type do you have?(Blood type O)23.mining man: n. 采矿采矿;采矿业采矿业mine: v. 开矿开矿; 采矿采矿pron.我的我的(不接名词不接名词)n. 矿井矿井; 矿矿; 地雷

22、地雷; 水雷水雷1)I worked for a mining company.2)Mining may pollute the river and damage the forest.24.patience pens : n. 耐心耐心;忍耐力忍耐力;毅力毅力patient pent：n. 病人病人patient zero:零号病人零号病人patient: adj. 有耐心的有耐心的; 坚韧的坚韧的be patient with: 对对有耐心有耐心1)Patience. If you dont mind, may I ask you how much money you have?2)Tea

23、ching children with special needs requires/calls for patience.3)I dont have the patience to teach such children.4)He has no patience for this kind of work.25. to be honest: 说实话说实话;坦率地说坦率地说to tell (you) the truth: 老实说老实说; 说实话说实话1)Well, to be honest, I have none.2)To be honest (with you), I dont remem

24、ber what he said last night.3)To be honest, making money is not easy.26.ought to (do.): 应该应该; 应当应当t 【ought to, should 作作“应该应该”讲时讲时,常可互换。但前者语气友善温和常可互换。但前者语气友善温和,没强制意义】没强制意义】1)Now if youll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.2)I feel that we ought to accept his proposal.3)You ought to be stricter with

25、your son. Hes very naughty.27.be about to do sth: 即将或正要即将或正要(做某事做某事)(通常不与表示将来的时间状语连用通常不与表示将来的时间状语连用)1)Yes, I was about to go get the letter.2)The new school year is about to begin.3)The plane is about to take off, and we must hurry up.第 5 页 共 13 页4)I was about to leave when the telephone rang.28.ind

26、icate ndket: v. 表明表明; 显示显示; 象征象征; 暗示暗示1)This implied(暗示的) meaning often indicates peoples feelings, attitudes, ormotives.2) Ared sky at night often indicates fine/good weather the next day.3)Mr Brown has indicated that he may leave the job.4)The research indicates/shows that smoking is bad for our h

27、ealth.29. beneath bni: adv./prep. 在在(或往或往)下面下面; 在在的表面之下的表面之下beneath:正式用词，与正式用词，与 under, below 基本同义基本同义under: prep. 在在下面下面below:prep./adv.在在下面下面(指某物所处的位置低于另一物指某物所处的位置低于另一物)1)You have to read between the lines ( 字 里 行 间 )because the real messages are often hiddenbeneath the literal(字面意义的) meaning.2)My

28、 desk is beneath/below the window.3)The groundwater is only four metres beneath/under the city streets.4)There are ten students beneath/under the big tree.30. postpone pspn: v. 延迟延迟; 延期延期; 延缓延缓; 推迟推迟postpone sth: 延迟延迟/推迟什么推迟什么postpone doing.: 延迟延迟/推迟做什么推迟做什么postpone . till/until/to.: 把把.推迟到推迟到. = pu

29、t off .(till/until/to.)put off sth: 推迟什么推迟什么1)They said the letter inside would explain what it was all about, but he had topostpone opening it until 2 oclock.2) Well have to postpone the sports meeting until next week.3)The concert has already been postponed five times.31. odd d (US): adj.奇怪的奇怪的;怪异

30、的怪异的;反常的反常的strange: adj. 奇怪的奇怪的; 陌生的陌生的(普通用词普通用词)stranger: n. 陌生人陌生人1)Henry felt that was odd.2)Theyre very odd people.3)Theres something odd/strange about that woman.32. obligation blen: n.义务义务;职责职责;责任责任responsibility: n. 责任责任; 负责负责; 职责职责; 义务义务a sense of obligation/ responsibility/duty: 责任感责任感have

31、a responsibility/ obligation/duty to do.: 有责任有责任/义务做什么义务做什么1)We have a moral obligation to protect the environment.2)Governments have at least a moral obligation to answer these questions.33. intention ntenn: n.打算打算;计划计划;意图意图; 目的目的intend: v. 打算打算; 计划计划; 想要想要; 意指意指have every intention of doing.: 一心想做

32、什么一心想做什么have no intention of doing.: 无意无意/不打算做什么不打算做什么1)I have no intention of going to their wedding.2)He left Egypt with the intention of travelling in Asia.3)She has told us her intention to attend a key university.第 6 页 共 13 页34. nowhere nwe(r): adv. 无处无处;哪里都不哪里都不(nowhere 在句首，句子要倒装在句首，句子要倒装)get/

33、go nowhere: 毫无进展毫无进展get sb nowhere: 让某人毫无进展让某人毫无进展1)In the film The Million Pound Bank Note, Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country withoutmoney and friends, and with nowhere to stay.2) They had nowhere to stay so I couldnt turn them away.(把.拒之门外)3) There was nowhere for me to sit/stand/sleep/liv

34、e.4)Nowhere can you find such a beautiful city like Dalian.35. in case: 假如假如;以防以防;以防万一以防万一(just) in case: 以防万一以防万一in case of: 假如假如; 在在的时候的时候in this case:既然这样既然这样; 在这种情况下在这种情况下in that case:(假如假如)那样的话那样的话; 既然如此既然如此in any case: 无论如何无论如何;不管怎样不管怎样in no case:决不决不; 绝不绝不(在句首，句子要倒装在句首，句子要倒装)1)In case it happ

35、ens to you on a trip abroad, what would you do?2)You should take the umbrella with you in case it rains hard.3) Ill stay around the park in case you need me.4)In no case can you leave the child alone at home.36.extent kstent : n. 程度程度;限度限度;大小大小;范围范围1) I am amazed at the extent of his knowledge.2)The

36、 student had changed to such an extent that I no longer recognized him.3)The government has little information on the extent of the pollution.4)Do they know the extent of the damage of the stong earthquake?37. to extent: 到到程度程度;在在程度上程度上to some/ an/a certain extent/degree: 在某种程度上在某种程度上1) To a certain

37、 extent , the president is responsible for the present situation.2)To a certain extent, its much easier for men to get work.3) To some/an extent, this was the truth.38. opera pr: n.歌剧歌剧play: n. 戏剧戏剧(see/watch a play)Peking Opera: 京剧京剧see/watch an opera: 看歌剧看歌剧go to the opera: 去看歌剧去看歌剧1)I quite like

38、opera.2)If you have never been to an opera, you havent lived.39. musical mjuzkl : n. 音乐剧音乐剧adj.音乐的音乐的music: n. 音乐音乐musician: n. 音乐家音乐家1)Philip bought two tickets for The Phantom of the Opera. He was going towatchthis musical with his girlfriend on the weekend.2)She is not only clever but also very m

39、usical.3)He was born into a very musical family.第 7 页 共 13 页4)Almost everyone has some musical ability.40.dinosaur dans(r): n恐龙恐龙The dinosaurs disappeared from the earth around 65,000,000 years ago.41.hug h: v./n.拥抱拥抱;抱紧抱紧embrace mbres:v. (正式正式)拥抱拥抱1)I was so surprised at the news that David was goi

40、ng to play the role of the dinosaurin the play that I gave him a hug out of joy.2)She gave her mother a big hug.3)He hugged his mother tightly.4 )The woman sat in the chair, hugging her knees.42. pursue psju : v. 追求追求; 致力于致力于1)Lily decided that she would settle in New York and pursue her dream of be

41、comingan actress.2)She pursues perfection and pays attention to all the fine details.3)We must pursue the research into the cancer.43. duty dju:ti/du:ti: n.责任责任;义务义务;职责职责;值班值班have a duty/responsibility/obligation to do.: 有责任有责任/义务做什么义务做什么do ones duty for.: 为为.尽责尽责report for duty at.:某时报到上班某时报到上班go o

42、ff duty: 下班下班get off work: 下班下班go to work: 上班上班It is ones duty to do.: 做什么是某人的职责。做什么是某人的职责。1)Who is on duty today?2)It is my duty to report it to the police.3)He considers it his duty to serve the people heart and soul.duty: 指在道义或法律上应尽的本分，强调自觉性指在道义或法律上应尽的本分，强调自觉性; 也指工作职责，此时通常用复数。也指工作职责，此时通常用复数。oblig

43、ation: 指法规、合同等规定的该做或不该做的事，含强制之意；也指因诺言、誓言等而必须指法规、合同等规定的该做或不该做的事，含强制之意；也指因诺言、誓言等而必须要做的事。要做的事。responsibility: 指管控某人或某事物的责任指管控某人或某事物的责任、 对不良事件所负的责任或工作职责对不良事件所负的责任或工作职责， 强调对他人的责强调对他人的责任。任。44. on duty: 值班值班;值勤值勤off duty: 不值日不值日/班班/勤勤on night duty: 值夜班值夜班on duty during the day: 白天值班白天值班on duty during the f

44、estival: 假日假日1)Jim is not here right now. He said he would be on duty at the library this afternoon.2)The girl is on duty eight hours every day.3)He was on night duty last Thursday.45. hesitate heztet : v犹豫犹豫; 迟疑迟疑; 顾虑顾虑hesitation hezten: n. 犹豫犹豫; 疑虑疑虑; 不情愿不情愿hesitate about/over: 对对犹豫犹豫hesitate to d

45、o: 做什么顾虑做什么顾虑;不愿做什么不愿做什么1)Why does the owner think Henry hesitates to pay the bill?第 8 页 共 13 页2) Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions about it.3)Do not hesitate to laugh at anything you find amusing.4) I didnt hesitate for a moment about taking the job.46. sequence sikwns

46、: v. 按顺序排列按顺序排列n. 顺序顺序;一系列一系列a sequence of .: 一系列一系列; 一连串一连串a sequence of plays/accidents: 连续剧连续剧/一连串事故一连串事故1)The human genome(基因组) has now been sequenced.2)These pages are out of sequence.3)The article deals with the events in historical sequence.4)The tasks have to be performed in a particular seq

47、uence. (按一定顺序)47. eventually ventuli: adv.最后最后;终于终于event vent: n.事情事情; 事件事件;大事大事; 比赛项目比赛项目finally: 最后最后; 终于终于in the end: 最后最后; 终于终于at last: 最后最后; 终于终于in closing:最后最后; 在结束时在结束时1)Eventually your children will leave home to lead their own life.2)News of his affair eventually reached his wifes ears.3)Th

48、e police eventually found the stolen paintings.4) The eight persons were eventually rescued by helicopter.48. tailor tel(r):n.(男装男装)裁缝裁缝v.专门制作专门制作;定做定做at the tailors: 在裁缝店在裁缝店at the doctors: 在诊所在诊所at the butchers: 在肉店在肉店1)He sees a sign for a tailors shop.2)A tailor is a person whose job is to make

49、mens clothes.3)And all the children are now wearing the clothes that the tailor has made.4)The beautiful suit is tailored in Shanghai.49. clerk klk/klrk:n职员职员;文书文书;店员店员clock klk：闹钟：闹钟oclock klk：点钟：点钟1)He serves as a clerk in a bank.2)Alice started as a clerk at the clothes factory.3)The clerks at th

50、e shop are friendly to customers.50. manner mn(r): n. 举止举止;行为方式行为方式;方法方法;(复数复数)礼貌礼貌;礼仪礼仪in this/that manner(way): 用这种用这种/那种方法那种方法It is good/bad manners to do: 做做.是有是有/无礼貌无礼貌have good/bad manners : 有有/没有礼貌没有礼貌a manner of doing sth: 做什么的方法做什么的方法a way of doing/to do sth: 做什么的方法做什么的方法an approach to (doi