2021届高考英语短文改错解题技巧课件.pptx

1、 短文改错短文改错20172019年全国卷短文改错考点分布统计年全国卷短文改错考点分布统计试卷试卷文体文体词数词数 冠词冠词 名词名词 动词动词形容词、形容词、副词副词代词代词 介词介词 连接词连接词 数词数词2019年年卷卷 记叙文记叙文95122210202019年年卷卷 记叙文记叙文105012401112019年年卷卷 记叙文记叙文108114111102018年年卷卷 记叙文记叙文113112301(2)2(1)02018年年卷卷 记叙文记叙文108124011102018年年卷卷 记叙文记叙文1021(0)1420(1)0202017年年卷卷 记叙文记叙文1081(0)1230(1

2、)1112017年年卷卷 记叙文记叙文921(0)1330110(1)2017年年卷卷 记叙文记叙文1101(0)0321(2)120高考短文改错命题趋势高考短文改错命题趋势着眼点具体考点词法动词时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态动词与虚拟语气名词可数名词还是不可数名词、单数还是复数、是否须用所有格代词主格与宾格、人称代词与物主代词、人称代词与反身代词、各种不定代词形容词、副词 原级、比较级、最高级冠词不定冠词、定冠词还是零冠词介词基本用法、固定搭配词性误用形容词与副词、形容词与名词、名词与动词句法连词(并列连词和从句引导词)、主谓一致、there be句型与特殊句式行文逻辑 时态一致、指代一致、逻

3、辑一致细看题目规范细看题目规范 文中共有文中共有1010处语言错误，每句中最处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（删除：把多余的词用斜线（ ）划掉）划掉 注意：注意：1 1每处错误及其修改均仅限每处错误及其修改均仅限一词一词 一、把握一、把握“三三”“四四”“五五”,共十二个考点共十二个考点三个必考点三个必考点:1.名词的单复数名词的单复数; 2.介词的误用、多用或少

4、用介词的误用、多用或少用; 3.动词时态不一致。动词时态不一致。四个常考点四个常考点:1.连词的误用、多用或少用连词的误用、多用或少用; 2.冠词的误用、多用或少用冠词的误用、多用或少用; 3.词语辨析词语辨析; 4.词性误用。词性误用。五个选考点五个选考点:1.代词代词; 2.非谓语动词非谓语动词; 3.情态动词情态动词; 4.主谓一致主谓一致; 5.形容词的比较级和最高级。形容词的比较级和最高级。【学霸攻略】二、五个考法二、五个考法考法考法1高考常常是高考常常是8个改词个改词,1个添词个添词,1个删词个删词,偶见例外偶见例外;考法考法2每句最多每句最多2个错误个错误;考法考法3需要变形的词

5、通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词等需要变形的词通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词等;考法考法4少词一般是添加冠词、介词、连词、不定式符号少词一般是添加冠词、介词、连词、不定式符号to 以及物主代词以及物主代词;考法考法5多词一般是删掉冠词、介词、助动词等。多词一般是删掉冠词、介词、助动词等。三、三个方面三、三个方面1.词法词法:介词、冠词的多用、少用或误用介词、冠词的多用、少用或误用,词性误用词性误用,非谓语动词非谓语动词误用误用,各类词缀的增减各类词缀的增减,名词的单复数一致名词的单复数一致,代词的格和数一致代词的格和数一致;2.句法句法:连词连词,主谓一致主谓一致,there be句型与特殊句式

6、句型与特殊句式;3.行文逻辑行文逻辑:时态一致时态一致,并列句中两个简单句的关系并列句中两个简单句的关系,如因果、转如因果、转折、选择、并列关系等。折、选择、并列关系等。 解题步骤解题步骤1. 断句、确定人称、时态断句、确定人称、时态2.先改明显、简单的错误先改明显、简单的错误3.已改单词的词性归类已改单词的词性归类4. 锁定待改单词词性锁定待改单词词性5. 抓空行，抓删词、加词抓空行，抓删词、加词1. I can go to home now. 2. I like playing piano.3. I am fond at English.theWrong wordMissing wordo

7、fUnnecessary word高考短文改错的考察方式（格式要规范）设疑方式错词（8）、漏词（1）、多词（1）短文改错应注意的问题短文改错应注意的问题 四不改四不改: :标点符号不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改。在纲外生词不改。在纲外生词不改。 动词动词 主要包括两类错误：动词的主要包括两类错误：动词的时态时态和和语态语态错误，以及错误，以及主、谓不一致主、谓不一致的错误。的错误。We must found ways to protect our environment .2015全国课标卷全国课标卷find缺少谓语动词（尤其缺缺少谓语动词（尤其缺be动词）动词） She afraid of

8、staying at home alone.isAnyone can borrowed books if he or she wishes. You are not permit to take them out. borrowpermittedNot only the students but also the teacher like the film.likes二、名词二、名词 指指名词单、复数形式名词单、复数形式的用法错误的用法错误。：Personally, I found many lesson very uninteresting. lessons 在在several, few,

9、many, one of, a couple of, three, a large number of, 等词语后，等词语后，本应本应接复数可数名词接复数可数名词的，但文中的，但文中却用了单数。如：却用了单数。如：For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and2014课标课标IIhours 像像advice, fun, homework, information, news, progress, furniture, luggage, 等不可数名等不可数名词是词是没有复数形式的，没有复数形式的，但在文但在文中却用了复数。如：

10、中却用了复数。如：It felt very strange to travel without any homeworks.2011课标课标 (homeworks homework)例例1give me some advices on how to write like a real writer.例例2Christie was one of my best friend at high school.名词当堂练名词当堂练advicefriends三、形容词和副词三、形容词和副词形容词和副词的比较级和最高级也是形容词和副词的比较级和最高级也是考察的重点。考察的重点。形容词在句中修饰名词，副词在

11、句中形容词在句中修饰名词，副词在句中作状语，修饰动词，其中要注意形容作状语，修饰动词，其中要注意形容词以词以ed结尾修饰人，结尾修饰人， ing结尾修饰物结尾修饰物 I had to be more patient and little aggressive（好斗的）（好斗的）.lessWe are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! 2014课标课标IThe fruits are small in size, but juicy （多汁的）（多汁的）and taste. 2014课标课标ILots of studies have shown th

12、at global warming has already become a veryseriously problem. 2015课标课标II am very tiring. 2013浙江浙江 wonderfultastyserioustired四、非谓语，细辨别四、非谓语，细辨别 这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现现在分词、过去分词，在分词、过去分词，和和不定式不定式错误。错误。 to do 表目的或将来表目的或将来 doing 表主动进行表主动进行 done表被动完成表被动完成 一般说来，一般说来，句中已有谓语动词句中已有谓语动词，再出，再出现动词，现

13、动词，其前面又没有并列连词时其前面又没有并列连词时，该动，该动词应词应为非谓语动词为非谓语动词。我们应根据该非谓语。我们应根据该非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分，以及它与逻辑动词在句中所作句子成分，以及它与逻辑主语的关系，来确定用具体的形式。主语的关系，来确定用具体的形式。After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that his parents were missing. 2015全国卷全国卷make their friendship to last long. 2014大纲大纲A woman saw him

14、 crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. 2015课标卷课标卷I look forward to see her again in the near future. 2010大纲大纲lookingseeingtold 上下文的性别不一致。如：上下文的性别不一致。如：Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him. She said (him her) 2010大纲大纲 人称代词格的误用。如：人称代词格的误用。如：Li Mings parents in

15、vited I to spend two wonderful weeks in Qingdao with them (I me)2007课标课标： We must find ways to protect your environment. 2015课标 Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. 2015全国卷 ourhis 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。多词、少词和搭配错误。in Sunday afternoon catch a sight of lo

16、se my heart on 六、介词短语要记住六、介词短语要记住 固定词组中的介词误用。如：固定词组中的介词误用。如：and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes 2014课标课标Iof 固定词组中的介词漏用。如：固定词组中的介词漏用。如：We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. to冠词冠词 基本用法：单数可数名词前，基本用法：单数可数名词前，表示表示“一个一个/段段/座座/本本.

17、”等时要用等时要用a或或an；表示；表示特指时特指时用用the。 固定短语中多用，少用或错用固定短语中多用，少用或错用冠词。如：冠词。如：As result, the plants are growing everywhere. 2014课标课标As a result七、冠词、连词常光顾七、冠词、连词常光顾例例1Besides, a friend is always good listener when you need one. 例例3 She is a English teacher.aan常考的错误形式有：常考的错误形式有：连词连词but, however, and, or, becau

18、se, so, when, before, after, which, that, what 的用法错误的用法错误 连词连词（1） and与与but用混。这是考得最多用混。这是考得最多的微考点。如：的微考点。如：The more friends we have, the more we can learn from one another, but the more pleasure we can share together. 2014大纲大纲( but and，前后没有转折关系，前后没有转折关系)（2） although/though/while不不与与but连用；连用；since /as

19、/because不与不与so连用。如：连用。如：Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease 2014课标课标I(去掉去掉but) and与与or。Whats more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week2012大大纲纲 (and or) so与与or。We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to s

20、ee our parents. 2013四川四川(so因此因此or否则否则) after与与before。Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatient（不耐烦）（不耐烦）. 2013陕陕西西(Before After逻辑逻辑)1. 2015课标卷课标卷I When I was a child, I hoped to live in thecity. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my ho

21、me in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. andthe thought Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has beenpolluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. serious with The airs we bre

22、athe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, well live to regret it.our /the find Manyair2. 2015课标卷课标卷 II One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded.Tony saw a to

23、y on a shop window. He liked itso very much that he quickly walked into theshop. in parentsAfter looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and tellinghim to wait outside a shop. the told began that looking Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. Momsaid, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. ” Tony promised her that this would never happen again. terriblyhis