（2019版）人教版选择性必修第一册英语第四单元Section Ⅲ　Using Language & Assessing Your Progress知识点讲义学生版+解析版.zip

Section Using Language 阐明 Give an example to help clarify what you mean. 举个例子来帮你说明你的意思。 Can you clarify your attitude towards the matter? 你能阐明一下你对此事的态度吗? (2)vt.(尤其指通过加热使黄油等)纯净;净化 clarify butter 使黄油纯净clarified butter 已净化的黄油 clarify water 净化水clarified water 纯净水 归纳拓展 clarification n 澄清 clarity n 清楚；明确 clarifying adj 澄清的 clarified adj 纯净的 clarify ones stand/attitude/mind 阐明立场/态度/想法 clarify matters 澄清真相 clarify ones position 澄清某人的立场 You can clarify this question if you study British history. 如果你学习英国历史,你就可以弄清楚这个问题。 特别提醒特别提醒 clarify 是以后缀-ify 结尾的动词,-ify 意为“使变成;使得”。以后缀-ify 结尾的动词还有:simplify 简 化,beautify 美化,classify 把分类。 经典例题 1.单词拼写 The man in charge of the company was unable to (阐明)the situation,so people were expecting a further explanation. 2.单句语法填空 (1)In order to make yourself fully understood by others,some further (clarify)of your opinion is needed. (2)Thank you for writing and allowing me (clarify)the present position. (3)The union has written to Zurich asking for (clarify)of the situation. Point2 in other words 用法详解 in other words 意为“换句话说,也就是说”。一般在句中做插入语。其同义表达有:namely;that is (to say)。 Years of hard work brought great success.In other words,no pain,no gain. 多年的努力工作换来了巨大的成功。换句话说,不劳则无获。 I dont like the way you speak to me.In other words, I dont want to continue our conversation.我不喜欢你 跟我说话的方式。换句话说,我不想继续我们的谈话了。 归纳拓展 word 构成的其他短语: 语境串记 Joe never keeps others waiting;in other words,he always keeps his word and is punctual.In addition,hes outgoing and easy-going.When free,hed like to have a word with people,and never has words with others.In a word,all of his friends like him as he can get on well with everyone around him.乔从不让别人等,换句话 说,他总是信守诺言,并且守时。另外,他外向、随和。有空的时候,他喜欢和人交谈,并且他从来不和别 人吵架。总之 ,他所有的朋友都喜欢他,因为他能和他周围的每个人都相处得很好。 特别提醒特别提醒 keep/break ones word 中的 word 不能用复数形式。 经典例题 1.用 word 的相关短语完成句子 (1)Your performance in the driving test did not reach the required standard.,you failed. (2)Jack is good,hard-working and intelligent.,I cant speak too highly of him. (3)I have also learned to understand the whole sentence without trying to translate it into Chinese. (4)I am sure that by no means will he since he has promised an amount of money to the poor. 2.根据汉语意思完成句子 (1)我很快就发现,我正在做的工作已经被别人做完了,换句话说,我是在浪费时间。 I soon found that the work I was doing had already been done by someone else.,I was wasting my time. (2)总之,我的生活将会变得更加丰富多彩。 ,my life will be much richer and more colorful. (3)一大早,就有消息说布莱克先生已经当选为公司的董事长。 Early in the morning Mr.Black had been elected president of the company. 3.单句语法填空 Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story. Point3 educator 用法详解 educator n.教师;教育家;教育工作者 He is not an educator.他不是个教育家。 As an educator,I want to see my students succeed. 作为一名教师,我想看到我的学生获得成功。 归纳拓展 educate v 教育；培养；训练 education n 教育；培养；教育学 educated adj 受过教育的；有教养的 educational adj 教育的；有教育意义的 Its difficult to educate children.教育孩子很困难。 She was highly educated and could make money. 她受过高等教育,能赚钱了。 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)Only (educate)people can have a good understanding of the lecture given by the scientist. (2)She is determined to carry on with her (educate). (3)I have been an (educate)in three different countries for about ten years. Point4 tendency 用法详解 tendency n.倾向;趋势。常见搭配: have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向 have a tendency to sth. 有.的倾向 tendencychart 趋势图；变化图 technicaltendency 技术动向；技术倾向 unhealthy tendency 不正之风 I have a tendency to talk too much when Im nervous.我紧张时总爱唠叨。 There is a tendency for this disease to run in families.这种疾病易在家族里遗传。 She has a strong natural tendency towards caution.她天生非常小心谨慎。 归纳拓展 tend vi. 倾向；趋向；照顾 tend to do.倾向于做. tendentious adj. 有偏见的，有倾向性的 When Im tired,I tend to make mistakes.我累了就容易出错。 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)We have a tendency (think)that everything is about us. (2)Yet the (tend)is for all three to vote together. (3) On days when air pollution was high,more people with an underlying heart problem tended (be)admitted to hospital, he said. Point5 occupy 用法详解 (1)vt.占据,占领;占用(时间、空间等)(=take up)。 The city had been occupied by the French in 1918 after the defeat of Turkey. 土耳其溃败之后,这座城市在 1918 年被法国人占领。 The big table occupies too much room.这张大桌子占了太多空间。 (2)vt.使忙于(做某事),忙着(做某事)。常见搭配: occupy sb./oneself in doing sth.使某人/自己忙于(做)某事 occupy sb./oneself with sth.使某人/自己忙于某事。 She occupied herself in writing a novel last year. 去年她忙于写一部小说。 He always occupies himself with routine office tasks. 他总是忙于办公室的日常工作。 归纳拓展 occupation n.C工作;消遣,业余活动U侵占,占领 occupied adj.使用中,有人使用/居住(不用于名词前);忙于(不用于名词前);被占领的,被侵占的。常见搭 配: be occupied(in) doing sth. 忙于做某事 be occupied with/in sth. 忙于某事 (这两个短语不做谓语而做定语、补语或状语时,要省略 be 动词) Hes fully occupied in looking after three young children.照顾三个年幼的孩子使他忙得不可开交。 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)Many of us equate “commitment”with such “caring”(occupy)as teaching and nursing. (2)He would have attended your birthday party but he occupied himself in (do)a very important experiment. (3)Maybe our school president will not be available to attend the meeting,for he is completely occupied the 80th anniversary ceremony. (4)The boy,(occupy)with his schoolwork every day,felt rather tired. 2.单句写作 (1)Im afraid Im not available to help with the show,for Im fully (忙于)my own project. (2)The town (被敌人占领的)eventually got out of control. Point6 stare 用法详解 stare vi.使有所不同;辨别。常见搭配: distinguish between A and B 区分 A 和 B distinguishfrom把与区分开来 distinguish oneself (as)(作为)而出名 Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.这回我有机会来表现一下我自己了,我要发明某种慈悲的东西,既可以把蛇捉住,而又不 会伤害它们。 归纳拓展 distinguished adj. 卓越的;著名的;杰出的 be distinguished for因而出名 be distinguished as作为而出名 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)As far as we all know,Lang Ping has already distinguished herself a great volleyball coach in the world. (2)Honestly speaking,I admire your (distinguish) achievements. (3)I can hardly distinguish one the other:they are so much alike. Point9 anxiety 用法详解 anxiety n.担心;焦虑;渴望。常见搭配: with anxiety 焦虑地anxiety for对的渴望 anxiety about/over对的忧虑anxiety to do sth.对做某事的渴望 Toms anxiety to succeed led him to work hard. 汤姆对成功的渴望使他努力工作。 归纳拓展 (1)anxiously adv. 焦虑地,忧虑地 (2)anxious adj. 忧虑,担心;渴望,非常希望。常见搭配: be anxious for sb./about sth.(=be worried/concerned about sb./sth.)为某人/某事担心/担忧 be anxious for.(=be eager for/be keen on.)渴望. be anxious(for sb.) to do sth.渴望(某人)做某事 be anxious that. 渴望.(从句谓语用“should+动词原形”, should 可以省略) She was anxious for them to leave her room.她渴望他们离开她的房间。 We were anxious that everyone (should)know the truth.我们渴望人人都了解实情。 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)His anxiety knowledge deserves our praise. (2)Jack still cant help being anxious his job interview. (3)She lost her job last month.She is anxious (find)a new job now. (4)Many students of all ages feel nervous,scared,or even panicky on the exam day.This is a well-known phenomenon called test _(anxious). (5)All the students in my class are anxious that they (admit)to key universities. (6)I believed that my grandma had been anxious me,and she may have been helping me come through the operation. Point10 embarrassed 用法详解 embarrassed adj. 尴尬的,害羞的,窘迫的。可用作定语、表语,常用来修饰、说明人或人的表情 (look,expression)、声音(voice)等。常见搭配: be embarrassed about/at.对.感到尴尬 be embarrassed to do sth.做某事感到尴尬 I was embarrassed about/at his unexpected question. 他出乎意料的发问使我尴尬。 He was embarrassed to admit his mistake. 他不好意思地承认了他的错误。 归纳拓展 相关词语积累: 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)As a result,some old Chinese ladies dancing in New Yorks Sunset Park found themselves caught in an situation, which made them .(embarrass) (2)However,the next morning the little girl,filled with excitement, brought the gift box to her father and said, “This is for you, Daddy!”As he opened the box, the father was (embarrass)by his earlier anger,now regretting how he had punished her. (3)She was embarrassed (ask)her age by other people. (4)Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the (embarrass)associated with making mistakes. Point11 ashamed 用法详解 ashamed adj. 惭愧的;因惭愧而不情愿的。表示主语自身的感受。在句中多做表语。常见搭配: be ashamed of.为.感到难为情，为.感到尴尬 be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事，不情愿做某事 be ashamed that.因.感到愧疚 You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies.你应该为你自己说这样的谎话而感到羞愧。 Im ashamed to say that I lied to her.我真不好意思说我向她撒谎了。 I was ashamed that Id made so little effort.我付出的努力太少,真是汗颜。 特别提醒特别提醒 英语中很多以 a 开头的形容词做表语,如 asleep,afraid,awake,aware,alone,alike 等,它们通常还可做补语, 不能做前置定语。 Turn down the radiothe babys asleep in the next room.把收音机关小点,孩子在隔壁房间睡着了。 Ill leave you alone here so you can think it over.我不打扰你了,你在这儿可以仔细考虑这事儿。 归纳拓展 相关词语积累: (1)shame n. 羞愧,羞耻;令人惋惜的事,令人遗憾的事。常见搭配: Its a shame to do sth./that.真遗憾/真令人惋惜/真可耻. to ones shame 令某人感到羞耻/羞愧的是 (2)shameful adj. 可耻的,丢脸的(指某件事或某个行为本身可耻、不道德) shameless adj. 无耻的,没廉耻的 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)She felt ashamed the foolish thing she had done and tears ran down her cheeks. (2)Isnt it shame that the rain spoiled (破坏)our picnic? Yeah,I had been expecting it with great pleasure. (3)The young girl was ashamed (ask) such a simple question and nodded like the others. (4)In class,students should not be ashamed asking the teacher questions. (5)The couple was of their behavior of carving their names on a 300-year-old vat(罐)at the Palace Museum.(shame) Point12 call on 用法详解 call on/at 拜访(on 后跟人;at 后跟地点名词);叫;号召;要求 Then may I call on you at that time tomorrow? 那么明天我那时可以拜访你吗? 归纳拓展 call for 要求；提倡；为.叫喊 call forth 使产生；引起 call in 召集；召来；来访 call off 取消；延期 call out 出动；唤起；大声叫唤 call up 给.打电话；使回忆起；征召入伍 The radio station had an open line on which listeners could call up to discuss various issues.这家电台开放 线路,听众可打电话讨论各种问题。(给打电话) Your letter calls up those pleasant days when we worked together.你的来信使我回想起那些我们一起工作 的快乐日子。(使回忆起) During the war,all young men were called up to fight in the army,the navy or the air force.战争时期,所有的 年轻人都被征集参加陆军、海军或空军。(征召入伍) 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year,when called to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. (2)That picture called memories of the days when I stayed with him;so I called him to chat with him. (3)Success calls patience. (4)They had to call the sports meeting because of the bad weather. (5)As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain,the visit to the village called scenes of my childhood. (6)A good composition (call)for good choice of words and clear organization among other things. Point13 conflict 用法详解 conflict n. 矛盾;冲突vi. 冲突;抵触。常见搭配: 与冲突 ? The results of the new research seem to conflict with the existing theories.新的研究成果似乎和已有的理论 相抵触。 John often comes into conflict with his boss. 约翰经常和他的老板发生争执。 The two countries have been in conflict with each other for decades. 这两个国家的冲突已经持续几十年了。 经典例题 1.根据汉语意思完成句子 (1)很明显我们的利益和你们的相冲突。 Its obvious that our interests yours. (2)不同的想法最终使他们之间发生了冲突。 The different ideas finally made them each other. (3)她发现自己在将来的职业问题上与父母有冲突。 She found herself her parents over her future career. 2.单句语法填空 (1)Make your exercise time when it isnt likely to conflict other plans. (2)The two companies often come into frequent conflict each other as a result of competition. Point14 bother 用法详解 (1)vt. 打扰 vi.操心。常见搭配: bother 在句中意为“费心;因操心”等。这种用法常见于否定句和疑问句,形成(not)bother to do 或 doing 结构。如: bother sb.with/about sth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人 bother to do/doing sth.费心做某事 bother oneself to do sth.费心做某事 bother oneself about(doing)sth. 为某事操心,费心做某事 It bothers sb.that/to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是 why bother没有必要吧;何苦那么麻烦 (2)n.烦扰;令人烦恼的事或人。常见搭配: put sb.to any bother给某人添乱 give sb.bother给某人添麻烦 have bother(in)doing sth.做某事费劲 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to talk over what is (bother)them. (2)Im sorry to bother you so many questions on such an occasion. (3)He wont come,so why bother (invite)him? (4)We had quite a lot of bother (get)here because of the fog. Point15 adjust 用法详解 adjust vi.(使)适合;(使)适应。常见搭配: adjustto调整以适应 adjust to(doing)sth.适应于(做)某事 adjust oneself to 使自己适应于 The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust. 小屋内很黑,因此眼睛过了一阵才适应过来。 During those six months of hospitalizations(住院治疗),Becky,12 at the time,adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school. 在住院治疗的六个月里,那时 12 岁的贝姬习惯了从学校回来的时候房子里有其他成年人。 归纳拓展 adjustment n.调整;调节;适应 make an adjustment to 对做出调整 make adjustments 做出调整 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)Moving out of the well-lit office,my eyes havent (adjust)to the dark. (2)We have made an (adjust)to our price and give you a special discount of 3 percent. (3)After Nigel left his academic post and went into business,it took him quite a while (adjust)to the competitive environment. (4)To our delight,the kids quickly adjusted themselves the new environment. (5)Im writing to tell you something about the (adjust)of our legal holidays. Point16 react 用法详解用法详解 vi.回应,(对)作出反应;产生影响,起作用。常见搭配: react to sth.(by doing sth.) (通过做某事)对某事作出反应 react against.反对., 反抗. react on/upon.对.产生影响 Local residents have reacted angrily to the news.当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒。 Children sometimes react against the things their parents believe in.孩子们有时反对他们的父母认为对的 事情。 Applause can react greatly on/upon speakers.掌声对演讲者会有很大影响。 vi.起化学反应。常见搭配: reach with 与起反应 Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.铁与水和空气起化学反应产生铁锈。 归纳拓展归纳拓展 reaction n. 反应;(对旧观念等的)抗拒 reaction to sb./sth.对的反应 in reaction to sth.对作出反应 An emergency fund was set up in reaction to flood.针对这次洪灾成立了一项应急基金。 reactive adj. 有反应的,回应的 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my immediate (react)will be to tell the police. (2)How did he react his fathers suggestion? He reacted strongly it and refused to accept it. (3)Her parents reaction the news was surprisingly calm. 2.单句写作 Hearing how others (对作出反应)the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. Section Using Language 阐明 Give an example to help clarify what you mean. 举个例子来帮你说明你的意思。 Can you clarify your attitude towards the matter? 你能阐明一下你对此事的态度吗? (2)vt.(尤其指通过加热使黄油等)纯净;净化 clarify butter 使黄油纯净clarified butter 已净化的黄油 clarify water 净化水clarified water 纯净水 归纳拓展 clarification n 澄清 clarity n 清楚；明确 clarifying adj 澄清的 clarified adj 纯净的 clarify ones stand/attitude/mind 阐明立场/态度/想法 clarify matters 澄清真相 clarify ones position 澄清某人的立场 You can clarify this question if you study British history. 如果你学习英国历史,你就可以弄清楚这个问题。 特别提醒特别提醒 clarify 是以后缀-ify 结尾的动词,-ify 意为“使变成;使得”。以后缀-ify 结尾的动词还有:simplify 简 化,beautify 美化,classify 把分类。 经典例题 1.单词拼写 The man in charge of the company was unable to (阐明)the situation,so people were expecting a further explanation. 2.单句语法填空 (1)In order to make yourself fully understood by others,some further (clarify)of your opinion is needed. (2)Thank you for writing and allowing me (clarify)the present position. (3)The union has written to Zurich asking for (clarify)of the situation. 参考答案 1.clarify 2.(1)clarification句意:为了让别人完全理解你,你需要进一步阐明你的观点。 (2)to clarifyallow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事。 (3)clarification Point2 in other words 用法详解 in other words 意为“换句话说,也就是说”。一般在句中做插入语。其同义表达有:namely;that is (to say)。 Years of hard work brought great success.In other words,no pain,no gain. 多年的努力工作换来了巨大的成功。换句话说,不劳则无获。 I dont like the way you speak to me.In other words, I dont want to continue our conversation.我不喜欢你 跟我说话的方式。换句话说,我不想继续我们的谈话了。 归纳拓展 word 构成的其他短语: 语境串记 Joe never keeps others waiting;in other words,he always keeps his word and