（2019版）人教版选择性必修第一册英语第二单元Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking知识点讲义学生版+解析版.zip

Section Reading and Thinking 重点词汇讲解 Point1 persuade 用法详解 persuade vt.劝说,劝服; 使信服; 使相信 persuade sb. to do sth.=persuade/talk sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事 persuade sb. not to do sth.=persuade/talk sb. out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事 try to persuade sb. to do sth.尽力劝说某人做某事 Advertisements persuade us that newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. 广告使我们相信越新越好,而且使我们相信拥有最新的产品我们就会更幸福。 I tried to persuade him not to go to the cinema, but he didnt listen to me. 我试图说服他不要去看电影,但是他不听我的劝告。 特别提醒 persuade 意为“成功说服”,强调劝服的结果。如果要表示“说而不服”,则要用 advise/try to persuade sb. to do sth.。 归纳拓展 persuasion n.说服;说服力 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)She was persuaded (believe) what he said and promised to help him out of the trouble. (2)After a little gentle (persuade), he agreed to come. 2.根据汉语意思完成句子 买东西时,人们有时情不自禁地被说服买一些他们确实不需要的东西。 While shopping, people sometimes cant help buying something they dont really need. Point2 switch 用法详解 switch vt.转换 n.开关;转换 (1)switch off 关上(电灯、电视等) switch on 打开(电灯、电视等) switch fromto从转变为 switch through(把电话)接到(某分机),接过来 (2)make a switch 进行改变 For some reason,when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. 出于某种原因,当某些电视节目变成广告的时候,它就会发出巨大的噪声,而且要持续几秒钟。 When not in a room, youd better switch off all the lights and the fan. 当你不在室内时,最好关掉所有的灯和那台电扇。 Dont hang up, please. Ill switch through the extension telephone for you. 请别挂断电话。我这就给你接通分机。 归纳拓展 同是“开”“关”,动词各异: (1)开/关(门、窗、盒子等)open/close/shut (the door/window/box) (2)开/关(收音机、电灯等)switch on/off (the radio/light) 开/关(收音机、电灯、水、煤气等) turn on/off ( the radio/light/water/gas) 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)He got tired of teaching and switched to (write) stories. (2)Then I get up. Go downstairs and switch the TV in the living room. (3)You must switch the light before you leave. 2.单句写作 (1)Ladies and gentlemen,please (关闭)your mobile phones! The meeting is about to begin. (2)The wind (由北转向了南)in the evening. (3)She (做出改变) in our plan to go swimming when it started to rain. Point3 distant 用法详解 distant adj.遥远的;远处的;久远的 be distant from离远 The time we spent together is now a distant memory.我们一起度过的时光现已成为久远的记忆。 归纳拓展 distance n.距离;远方;遥远;疏远v.不介入,与疏远 in the distance 在远方;在远处 at a distance of 在远的地方 at/from a distance 隔一段距离;从远处 keep sb. at a distance 对某人冷淡;与某人疏远 It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance.要了解她很难,因为她总 是对每个人都很冷淡。 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)Their life seemed completely distant his own. (2)We saw lights the distance. 2.单句写作 (1)She was warned to (保持距离) from John if she didnt want to get hurt. (2)My company is five miles (离远) my home. Point4 preference 用法详解 preference n.喜爱,偏爱 have a preference for 偏爱,喜爱 give preference to 给以优惠;优待 in preference to 优先于 I am not surprised at all that she chose the white skirt. She always has a preference for white. 她选择白裙子我一点儿也不感到意外。她一直偏好白色。 Many people expressed a strong preference for the original plan. 许多人强烈表示喜欢原计划。 She was chosen in preference to her sister.她被选中了,而不是她妹妹。 归纳拓展 prefer vt.宁愿;更喜欢 (1)prefer doing sth.宁愿做某事 prefer to do sth.宁愿做某事 (2)prefer sb. to do sth.宁愿某人做某事 (3)prefer sth./doing to sth./doing喜欢(做)而不喜欢(做) (4)prefer to dorather than do(=would dorather than do=would rather dothan do) 宁愿做 而不愿做 Brazilians are social,preferring face-to-face communication to e-mails or phone calls.巴西人乐于社交,相对 于电子邮件或电话(他们)更喜欢面对面的交流。 Rather than sit here waiting, I prefer to go to find out what on earth has happened.我宁愿去探个究竟,也不 愿坐在这儿等待。 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)(prefer)will be given to graduates of this university. (2)I would prefer (spend) the weekend at home rather than drive all the way to your mothers. (3)He (prefer) that he should walk to the cinema. (4)He used to walk to his rice fields twice a day, but now he prefers (ride) his motorcycle. (5)Chinese people enjoy drinking tea, but most of the foreigners prefer coffee tea. (6)I prefer you not (come)back. 2.单句写作 On weekends, wed prefer playing outdoors (而不愿看)television. Point5 instant 用法详解 (1)n.C片刻, 瞬间 in an instant 立即,马上 for an instant 暂时,一时,一瞬间 the instant (that)一就(充当连词) There was something in the way he said this, which aroused her in an instant.他说这句话的语气立即提醒 了她。 The instant I saw him I knew he was the man the police were looking for.我一看到他就认出他正是警方在 寻找的那个人。 (2)adj.立即的;立刻的;即食的;方便的 instant coffee 速溶咖啡 instant noodles 方便面 Kahoot software can provide students with instant feedback(反馈), including reports about their strengths and weaknesses. Kahoot 软件可以为学生提供即时反馈,包括关于他们的强项和弱势的报告。 归纳拓展 instantly adv.立即,马上 特别提醒 the instant/the moment/the minute具有连词功能,引导状语从句,意为“一就”。副词 instantly,immediately,directly 也有此用法。 They carried out the volunteer activity immediately they arrived there. 他们一到达那里就从事志愿活动。 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1) instant the manager entered the room, he clarified his position. (2)These boys and girls jumped with joy (instant) the Chairman announced the result of the game. 2.单句写作 (1)(一就) I saw him, I knew he was the suspect the police were looking for. (2) You see the lightning (一就) it happens, but you hear the thunder later. (3)The birds flew away in all directions (它们一看到)a man coming near. Point6 addition 用法详解 addition n.加,增加;附加 in addition 另外(为副词,相当于 besides, whats more 等) in addition to(doing sth.) 除了外(还) Pastas basic ingredients are flour and water, sometimes with the addition of eggs or oil.意大利面制品的主 要成分是面粉或水,有时加鸡蛋或食用油。 In addition to these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight. 除了这些安排以外,另 增救护车值班至午夜。 In addition, you can elect to share your files with others.另外,您可以决定与其他的用户共享您的文件。 归纳拓展 add vt.添加;补充说 (1)add up sth./add sth. up 把加起来 (2)add up to 加起来等于;总计 (3)add to 增加;增添 (4)add sth. to sth.把加到/进里 (5)add that补充说 巧学妙记 addtoadd upadd up to Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life, the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding. 无论你往自己的生命之屋添加什么房间,享受生活的秘密就在于不断地增加。 She refused other peoples offers of help for she hated adding to their burdens. 她拒绝了其他人的主动帮助,因为她不愿增加他们的负担。 归纳拓展 additional adj.附加的;另外的;额外的 additionally adv.额外地;除此之外 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)The teacher asked me if I was ready, (add) that everybody was waiting for me at the school gate. (2)The bad weather only added our difficulties. (3)Add all the money I owe you. (4)The numbers add up exactly 100. 2.根据汉语意思完成句子 (1)除了更多地接触她吃的食物之外,另一种喜悦来自为孩子们传递这方面的知识和获取好的食物的欲 望。 being more in touch with the food shes eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children. (2)此外,群组练习可以营造一种团体感,共同的目标可以促使参与者努力工作。 , group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. (3) 这再加上优质服务,你就能明白为何这家旅馆在岛上最受欢迎。 and you can see why its the most popular hotel on the island. Point7 warning 用法详解 warning n.警告;预兆;预告adj.警告的;引以为戒的 warning signal 警报信号;报警信号 WARNING BELL 火警铃;警铃;警钟提示铃 A pollution warning system is being established. 正在建立一个污染报警系统。 The bridge collapsed without (any) warning. 那座桥在没有任何先兆的情况下坍塌了。 Let me give you a word of warning. 我来提醒你一句。 归纳拓展 warn v.劝告(使有所防备);警告;告诫 warn that警告 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 warn sb. about/against sb./sth.警告某人不要;提醒某人提防 warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人(不要)做某事 warn sb. off sth.(尤指以威胁的方式)叫离开,告诫不要靠近 The farmer warned us off his land when we tried to camp there. 我们想在那里露营时,农场主警告我们不得靠近他的土地。 He warned Billy to keep away from his daughter. 他警告比利离他女儿远点。 We were warned off buying the house. 有人劝我们不要购买这所房子。 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)I had been warned to expect. (2)Police have warned possible delays. (3)He warned us pickpockets. (4)The guidebook warns against (walk) alone at night. (5)Doctors issued a (warn)against eating any fish caught in the river. 2.翻译句子 (1)我已经警告他们不要违背诺言。 _ (2)我警告她有危险。 _ (3)我警告他们,未经允许不要进入这个院子。 _ Point8 constant 用法详解 constant adj.时常发生的;连续不断的;恒定的 constant temperature 恒温 need constant attention 需要持续不断的关注 constant quarrels with his parents 经常跟他的父母争吵 at a constant speed 以恒速 keep/remain constant 保持稳定 keep in constant contact with 一直保持联系 War and peace is a constant theme in history.战争与和平是历史上永恒的主题。 Only after my constant requests was I permitted to watch TV.只有在我不断请求之后,我才被允许看电视。 Besides, it takes constant efforts to make our dreams come true.此外,需要不断的努力使我们的梦想成真。 归纳拓展 constantly adv.不断地 Fashion is constantly changing.时尚总是日新月异。 特别提醒 constantly 经常用于进行时中,表示说话人的一种感情色彩,如赞扬、批评、厌倦等。 Im constantly telling him to behave himself.我不断地告诉他,要守规矩。 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 We are (constant) working to improve access to the museum and its collection. 2.单句写作 The Forbidden City attracts (源源不断)of visitors every day especially during national holidays. 3.翻译句子 (1)他经常提醒自己要专心学习。 _ (2)他总是帮助其他人。 _ Point9 relevant 用法详解 relevant adj.有关的;切题的 be relevant to=have sth. to do with 与有关 relevant details 有关细节 I dont think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point. 我认为他的发言和我们正在讨论的话题无关,他没有抓住要领。 As for your second question, we have noticed relevant reports. 关于你的第二个问题,我们已经注意到了有关报道。 归纳拓展 (1)irrelevant adj.不相干的; 不切题的 be irrelevant to与不相关 totally/completely/largely irrelevant 完全/绝对/基本上无关紧要 The choice of subject matter is irrelevant.主题的选择不重要。 The world on the land seems to be irrelevant to them. 岸上的世界,仿佛已经与他们无关。 The documents are largely irrelevant to the present investigation. 这些文件与目前进行的调查基本上不相干。 (2)relevance n.关联; 适当; 中肯 have no relevance to 与无关 Do not show impatience if you feel the interviewer is repeating things or asking questions that have no relevance to the matter in hand.假如你觉得对你进行面试的人总是在重复或问一些与目前的事情无关的 问题,你要有耐心。 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is these students,most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway. (2)Anyone who has (relevant) to the cheating in the exam shall come to the teachers office after class. 2.根据汉语意思完成句子 (1)你所说的与我们正在谈论的毫无关系。 What you say what were talking about. (2)你可以写任何相关的东西,只要它是有趣的和信息丰富的。 You can write so long as its interesting and informative. (3)政府成立了一个工作小组来收集与事故有关的信息。 The government set up a working group to collect information the accident. Point10 available 用法详解 available adj.可获得的;可购得的;可找到的;有效的; 空闲的 Every available doctor was called to the scene.所有能找到的医生都被召集到了现场。 Well send you a copy as soon as it becomes available. 一有货我们就会给你寄一本去。 Tickets are available free of charge from the school.学校有免费票。 This was the only room available.这是唯一可用的房间。 Will she be available this afternoon?今天下午她有空吗? The director was not available for comment.主管没有时间发表意见。 归纳拓展 availability n.可用性;有效性;实用性 经典例题 根据汉语意思完成句子 (1)由于担心时间不够,张萍玉早就把要去伦敦参观的景点列了一张单子。 , Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. (2)极为重要的是他们要得到所有可能得到的帮助。 It is vitally important that they should receive . Point11 nevertheless 用法详解 nevertheless adv.然而;尽管如此 The news may be unexpected; nevertheless, it is true. 这消息可能是出乎意料的,然而是真实的。 辨析比较but,however,nevertheless,whereas 与 while (1)but 并列连词,但是 I want to have dinner, but I have to take a shower first. 我想吃饭,但不得不先洗澡。 (2)however 副词(在句首后有逗号,在句中前后均有逗号) 然而;但是 I dont want to have dinner. However, watching a movie together would be great.我不想吃饭。但是,一起 看电影会很棒。 (3)nevertheless 副词, 尽管,然而 I know everybody hates him. Nevertheless, I have decided to marry him. 我知道大家都不喜欢他。就算这样,我已经决定嫁给他。 (4)whereas 连词,鉴于;反之 Whereas I tend to take a faster train for the meeting, they tend to leave a day early.他们想早走一天去开会, 我却倾向于坐个快点的火车。 (5)while 并列连词,然而;但是,有表达对比的意思 While I was taking care of our baby, she was out with her friends and didnt come back until midnight. 我在看孩子的时候,她跟朋友在外头玩儿到半夜才回来。 经典例题 选词填空:nevertheless/however/whereas/but/while (1)I sat in the car for half an hour, my wife and children sat and watched. (2)He had never done anything for them, they had done everything for him. (3)The news may be unexpected;, it is true. (4), our success depends only on ourselves! (5)We judge a person not by what he says by what he does. Section Reading and Thinking 重点词汇讲解 Point1 persuade 用法详解 persuade vt.劝说,劝服; 使信服; 使相信 persuade sb. to do sth.=persuade/talk sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事 persuade sb. not to do sth.=persuade/talk sb. out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事 try to persuade sb. to do sth.尽力劝说某人做某事 Advertisements persuade us that newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. 广告使我们相信越新越好,而且使我们相信拥有最新的产品我们就会更幸福。 I tried to persuade him not to go to the cinema, but he didnt listen to me. 我试图说服他不要去看电影,但是他不听我的劝告。 特别提醒 persuade 意为“成功说服”,强调劝服的结果。如果要表示“说而不服”,则要用 advise/try to persuade sb. to do sth.。 归纳拓展 persuasion n.说服;说服力 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)She was persuaded (believe) what he said and promised to help him out of the trouble. (2)After a little gentle (persuade), he agreed to come. 2.根据汉语意思完成句子 买东西时,人们有时情不自禁地被说服买一些他们确实不需要的东西。 While shopping, people sometimes cant help buying something they dont really need. 参考答案 1.(1) to believe句意:她被说服相信了他说的话,并且答应帮助他摆脱困境。 (2)persuasion 2.being persuaded into Point2 switch 用法详解 switch vt.转换 n.开关;转换 (1)switch off 关上(电灯、电视等) switch on 打开(电灯、电视等) switch fromto从转变为 switch through(把电话)接到(某分机),接过来 (2)make a switch 进行改变 For some reason,when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. 出于某种原因,当某些电视节目变成广告的时候,它就会发出巨大的噪声,而且要持续几秒钟。 When not in a room, youd better switch off all the lights and the fan. 当你不在室内时,最好关掉所有的灯和那台电扇。 Dont hang up, please. Ill switch through the extension telephone for you. 请别挂断电话。我这就给你接通分机。 归纳拓展 同是“开”“关”,动词各异: (1)开/关(门、窗、盒子等)open/close/shut (the door/window/box) (2)开/关(收音机、电灯等)switch on/off (the radio/light) 开/关(收音机、电灯、水、煤气等) turn on/off ( the radio/light/water/gas) 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)He got tired of teaching and switched to (write) stories. (2)Then I get up. Go downstairs and switch the TV in the living room. (3)You must switch the light before you leave. 2.单句写作 (1)Ladies and gentlemen,please (关闭)your mobile phones! The meeting is about to begin. (2)The wind (由北转向了南)in the evening. (3)She (做出改变) in our plan to go swimming when it started to rain. 参考答案 1.(1) writing句意:他厌倦了教书,于是改行写小说。 (2)on(3)off 2.(1) switch off (2)switched from north to south (3)made a switch Point3 distant 用法详解 distant adj.遥远的;远处的;久远的 be distant from离远 The time we spent together is now a distant memory.我们一起度过的时光现已成为久远的记忆。 归纳拓展 distance n.距离;远方;遥远;疏远v.不介入,与疏远 in the distance 在远方;在远处 at a distance of 在远的地方 at/from a distance 隔一段距离;从远处 keep sb. at a distance 对某人冷淡;与某人疏远 It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance.要了解她很难,因为她总 是对每个人都很冷淡。 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)Their life seemed completely distant his own. (2)We saw lights the distance. 2.单句写作 (1)She was warned to (保持距离) from John if she didnt want to get hurt. (2)My company is five miles (离远) my home. 参考答案 1.(1) from (2) in 2.(1)keep her a distance句意:有人警告她说,如果不想受到伤害,就离约翰远一点儿。 (2)distant from Point4 preference 用法详解 preference n.喜爱,偏爱 have a preference for 偏爱,喜爱 give preference to 给以优惠;优待 in preference to 优先于 I am not surprised at all that she chose the white skirt. She always has a preference for white. 她选择白裙子我一点儿也不感到意外。她一直偏好白色。 Many people expressed a strong preference for the original plan. 许多人强烈表示喜欢原计划。 She was chosen in preference to her sister.她被选中了,而不是她妹妹。 归纳拓展 prefer vt.宁愿;更喜欢 (1)prefer doing sth.宁愿做某事 prefer to do sth.宁愿做某事 (2)prefer sb. to do sth.宁愿某人做某事 (3)prefer sth./doing to sth./doing喜欢(做)而不喜欢(做) (4)prefer to dorather than do(=would dorather than do=would r