(2019版)人教版选择性必修第一册英语Unit5 Part1 Reading and Thinking(作业)(含答案).docx
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1、1 Unit5 Part1 作业作业 UNIT 5WORKING THE LAND Part 1 Reading and Thinking 能力提升练能力提升练 、阅读理解、阅读理解 A Like people, plants experience stress.And also, like people, the response to that stress can determine success. Bad environmental conditions, such as drought, flood, heat and other stresses, affect yields(产
2、量) more than crop pests and diseases.”We are trying to find a way to equip plants with the ability to tolerate environmental stress and maintain high yields”,said Stephen Howell,a professor of genetics and cell biology. Plant cells produce proteins(蛋白质) and ship them to different parts of the cell.U
3、nder normal conditions,these proteins are folded into their normal,healthy structures as they are produced.When a plant is under stress,its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins.Then a built-in system senses this and sets off an alarm in the cell said Howell. In response to the alarm, ano
4、ther protein (IRE1) starts working and creates a different process which activates(激活)the stress response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive. “As it turns out,responses that are activated under stressful conditions actually inhibit the growth of plants,”s
5、aid Howell.”This allows them to preserve their energy to survive the stressful conditions.” “For plants in the wild,this response is a help for survival”,he said.In production of agricultural crops,however,this response reduces yields. “You dont want crop plants to stop growing,Howell said.”You want
6、 them to continue to grow and produce more even though they are under stress.” “With the new understanding of this stress response,the next step may be to silence the alarm system”, said Howell.”What may be important is to disable some of these stress 2 responses.That may make the plant more product
7、ive under stressful conditions. 1.According to the text,an alarm in the plant cell is caused by _. A. the folded proteinsB. the changed proteins C. the defensive measuresD. the stress response genes 2. The energy preserved in the plants under stressful conditions _. A. helps the plants to survive B.
8、 helps to maintain high yields C. keeps the plants growing D. helps to produce proteins 3. The underlined word “inhibit” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “_”. A. preventB. startC. continueD. promote 4. How does Howell intend to make crop plants maintain high yields under stressful conditions? A. By
9、 making crop plants keep more energy. B. By making crop plants stop growing. C. By making the alarm system stop working. D. By making the alarm system respond quickly. 【答案】1. B2.A3.A4. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在不利的环境下,植物会产生压力,而植 物体内存在的一种警报系统能够应对压力,维持植物的生存,但这同时也会造成植 物减产。生物学家正在研究一种能够提高植物的抗压能力同时维持高产的方法
10、。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第三段 When a plant is under stress, its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins.Then a built-in system senses this and sets off an alarm in the cell said Howell. (当植物处于压力之下时, 它的细胞会制造出折叠不充分或未折叠的蛋白质。 然后,内置的系统感知到这一点,并在细胞中触发警报)可知使植物体内存在的一 种警报系统发出警报是由这些被改变的蛋白质引起的。故选 B。 【2 题详解】 细
11、节理解题。根据第五段 This allows them to preserve their energy to survive the 3 stressful conditions.(这使它们能够保存自己的能量以在紧张的环境中生存下来)可 知在压力条件下,植物体内储存的能量能够帮助植物生存下来。故选 A。 【3 题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第六段第二句 this response reduces yields(这个反应降低了产量) 可以推断出划线单词所在部分的意思为:正如结果所示,在压力条件下被激活的反 应实际上会抑制植物的生长,inhibit 意为“抑制,阻碍”,prevent 阻止,妨碍;s
12、tart 开始;continue 持续; promote 促进。故选 A。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。 根据最后一段 With the new understanding of this stress response, the next step may be to silence the alarm system(有了对这种压力反应的新认识,下一步可能 是让警报系统安静下来)可知 Howell 将通过使警报系统停止工作来维持植物在压 力条件下的高产量。故选 C。 B There is an old saying in China that goes.”The days of the Sa
13、njiu period are the coldest days.”The “Sanjiu period”,which is in Minor Cold(小寒),refers to the third nine-day period the 19th to the 27th day after the day of the winter solstice(冬至) There are many different customs related to Minor Cold in China. Eating hotpot During Minor Cold people should eat so
14、me hot food to benefit the body and defend against the cold weather.Winter is the best time to have hotpot and braised mutton(炖羊 肉) with soy sauce.But it is important to notice that too much spicy food may cause health problems. Eating huangyacai In Tianjin,there is a custom to have huangyacai,a kin
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