（2019版）人教版选择性必修第一册英语Unit2 单元课时训练1 （含答案）.zip

新人教版（新人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修一第二单元课时）高中英语选择性必修一第二单元课时训练训练 1 题组 A 基础巩固 单词拼写 1.You cannot describe it with one word,p, or even paragraph. 2.S from one module to another. 3.The young stranger noticed that something black was tied to the k of the front door. 4.Consider a conventional a, such as a stove, microwave or bread maker. 5.Nowadays tractors are used even in r mountainous regions. 6.Then they gave each traffic signal a(传感器) that provides information about traffic at a given moment. 7.Your strength and resolves makes other people change their (方式) of behavior to suit yours. 8.They have one (异常的) gene from that parent and one normal gene from the other parent. 9.We are your employees, but this doesnt mean that we must (服从) you unconditionally. 10.This technical (革新) will save us much time and labour. 单句语法填空 1.It can be used to transfer files (secure) between a remote and a local machine. 2.The machine is (automatic) controlled. 3.It has no effect on the (efficient) of your engine. 4.We made a lot of mistakes early in this conflict. 5.They quarrel (constant) because he has an affair. 6.The candidates experience is relevant the job. 7.A straight line is the shortest (distant) between two points. 8.It takes years to develop ones (critic) ability. 9.I was in (electricity) engineering major, because there was no computer science. 10.I volunteer because it takes me out of my (day) life. 根据汉语意思完成句子 1.尽管我们强调英语能力,但并不会偏好于英语专业的学生。(preference) But despite our emphasis on English skills, we dont . 2.对于英语学习者来说,掌握好英语和美语习语是非常重要的。(command) It is important for learners English British and American idioms. 3.他有成为冠军的潜力。(potential) He become a champion. 4.你为什么不警告他花在弹吉他方面的时间太多了呢? Why dont you warn him about on his guitar? 5.我到办公室时,发现学生们在潜心学习。(absorb) When I got to the office, I their work. 6.他一听到消息就打电话告诉了他的老板。(instant) , he telephoned his boss. 7.不到一会儿,后院就被来宾坐满了。(before) the backyard was fully packed with guests. 题组 B 高考提升 阅读理解 Hollywoods theory that machines with evil(邪恶的) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.” A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard. The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines. Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teamsyet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction. 1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may . A.run out of human control B.satisfy humans real desires C.command armies of killer robots D.work faster than a mathematician 2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to . A.prevent themselves from being destroyed B.achieve their original goals independently C.do anything successfully with given orders D.beat humans in international chess matches 3.According to some researchers,we can use firewalls to . A.help super intelligent machines work better B.be secure against evil human beings C.keep machines from being harmed D.avoid robots affecting the world 4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines? A.It will disappear with the development of AI. B.It will get worse with human interference. C.It will be solved but with difficulty. D.It will stay for a decade. 阅读理解七选五 Urbanization Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago.1 In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural(乡村的) villages.It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in historya society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living. Britain was only the beginning.2 The process of urbanizationthe migration(迁徙) of people from the countryside to the citywas the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live. In 1900, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms.3 Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities.4 Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city. Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country.5 Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers. A.That kept cities very small. B.The rest live in small towns. C.The effects of urban living on people should be considered. D.Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies. E.But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities. F.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive. G.Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings. 1.2.3. 4.5. 新人教版（新人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修一第二单元课时）高中英语选择性必修一第二单元课时训练训练 1 题组 A 基础巩固 单词拼写 1.You cannot describe it with one word,p, or even paragraph. 2.S from one module to another. 3.The young stranger noticed that something black was tied to the k of the front door. 4.Consider a conventional a, such as a stove, microwave or bread maker. 5.Nowadays tractors are used even in r mountainous regions. 6.Then they gave each traffic signal a(传感器) that provides information about traffic at a given moment. 7.Your strength and resolves makes other people change their (方式) of behavior to suit yours. 8.They have one (异常的) gene from that parent and one normal gene from the other parent. 9.We are your employees, but this doesnt mean that we must (服从) you unconditionally. 10.This technical (革新) will save us much time and labour. 单句语法填空 1.It can be used to transfer files (secure) between a remote and a local machine. 2.The machine is (automatic) controlled. 3.It has no effect on the (efficient) of your engine. 4.We made a lot of mistakes early in this conflict. 5.They quarrel (constant) because he has an affair. 6.The candidates experience is relevant the job. 7.A straight line is the shortest (distant) between two points. 8.It takes years to develop ones (critic) ability. 9.I was in (electricity) engineering major, because there was no computer science. 10.I volunteer because it takes me out of my (day) life. 根据汉语意思完成句子 1.尽管我们强调英语能力,但并不会偏好于英语专业的学生。(preference) But despite our emphasis on English skills, we dont . 2.对于英语学习者来说,掌握好英语和美语习语是非常重要的。(command) It is important for learners English British and American idioms. 3.他有成为冠军的潜力。(potential) He become a champion. 4.你为什么不警告他花在弹吉他方面的时间太多了呢? Why dont you warn him about on his guitar? 5.我到办公室时,发现学生们在潜心学习。(absorb) When I got to the office, I their work. 6.他一听到消息就打电话告诉了他的老板。(instant) , he telephoned his boss. 7.不到一会儿,后院就被来宾坐满了。(before) the backyard was fully packed with guests. 参考答案： .单词拼写 1 phrase2 Switch3 knob 4 appliance5 remote6 sensor 7 mode8 abnormal9 obey 10 innovation .单句语法填空 1 securely 2 automatically3 efficiency 4 on 5 constantly6 to 7 distance 8 critical9 electrical 10 daily .根据汉语意思完成句子 1 have a preference for English majors 2 to have a good command of 3 has the potential to 4 spending too much time 5 found the students absorbed in 6 The instant he heard the news 7 It didnt take long before 题组 B 高考提升 阅读理解 Hollywoods theory that machines with evil(邪恶的) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.” A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard. The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines. Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teamsyet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction. 1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may . A.run out of human control B.satisfy humans real desires C.command armies of killer robots D.work faster than a mathematician 2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to . A.prevent themselves from being destroyed B.achieve their original goals independently C.do anything successfully with given orders D.beat humans in international chess matches 3.According to some researchers,we can use firewalls to . A.help super intelligent machines work better B.be secure against evil human beings C.keep machines from being harmed D.avoid robots affecting the world 4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines? A.It will disappear with the development of AI. B.It will get worse with human interference. C.It will be solved but with difficulty. D.It will stay for a decade. 阅读理解七选五 Urbanization Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago.1 In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural(乡村的) villages.It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in historya society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living. Britain was only the beginning.2 The process of urbanizationthe migration(迁徙) of people from the countryside to the citywas the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live. In 1900, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms.3 Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities.4 Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city. Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country.5 Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed