（2019版）人教版选择性必修第一册英语Unit 5 Work the Land（词汇讲义无答案）.doc

1、1 / 9 Unit 5 Work the Land 耕种土地耕种土地 My lifelong pursuit is to keep all the people away from hunger. - Yuan Longping 我毕生的追求就是让所有的人远离饥饿袁隆平 1. hybrid /habrd/ n. 杂交植杂交植(动动)物物; 合成物合成物; 混混 合动力车合动力车 hybrid Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”, is one of Chinas most famous scientists. 袁隆平，被誉为

2、“杂交杂交水稻之父”，是中国最著 名的科学家之一。 2. devote /dvt/ vt. 把把献献(给给); 把把专用于专用于; 专专 心于心于 【扩展】【扩展】devotion /dvn/ n. 奉献; 忠诚; 专心 devote【替换】 He is a very good actor and he commits himself to every role that he takes on. _ 3. devote.to.把把用于用于; 献身献身; 致力致力; 专心专心devote oneself/时间/精力等 to 名/代/doing 专心于; 献身于; 把.用于. be devote

3、d to 名词/doing 致力于; 专心 于; 被用在什么上 Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉奉 献献了一生的千百万中国农民一样。 4. shortage /td/n. 不足不足; 缺少缺少; 短缺短缺 【扩展】【扩展】shortadj. 短的; 矮的;缺乏的; 短缺的 lack /lk/n./v.缺乏; 不足; 没有 shortage 【填空】 Scie

4、ntists from different countries have been pursuing various possibilities to overcome food s_. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 【解析】what concerned him most 是由疑问词what 引导的主语从句主语从句(subject clause) 如果主语从句的原

5、句是特殊疑问句，由特殊疑 问 词 what, who, which, whose, when, where, how 当连接词 例：When he will come isnt known yet. 他何时来还不知道。 如果主语从句的原句是一般疑问句， 由 whether 当连接词 例：Whether he will come isnt known yet. 他是否来还不知道。 如果主语从句的原名是陈述句，由 that 当连接 词，不可省略, that 引导的主语从句可以用形 式主语 it 代替。 例： That he will come is obvious.= It is obvious

6、that he will come. 他会来是显而易见的。 然而，最让他担心的是，农民经常歉收，有时 甚至严重缺乏缺乏食物。 【翻译】 1._ (袁隆平真正关心的) is not money or celebrity. 2._ _(袁隆平实现了海水稻的梦想 realise ones dream of ) surprised the whole world. 把第二句话改成 It 形式主语句 _ _ 【填空】 Its uncertain _ he will do tomorrow. _ talks between the two countries are making progress is

7、reported in the newspaper. _ a book sells well depends on various factors. _ makes our school special is _ most of its graduates are admitted to famous colleges. 5. tackle /tkl/ vt. 解决解决(难题难题); 应付应付(局面局面); 处理处理 【扩展】【扩展】solvev. 解决; 处理; 解答 tackle 【替换】 2 / 9 settle /setl/ v. 解决; 结束 deal with处理; 解决 (常与

8、how 连用) do with.处理(常与 what 连用) To deal with this crisis, he chose to study agriculture. _ 6. crisis /krass/ n. 危机危机;危急关头危急关头 (复数复数: crises /krasi:z) 【扩展】a political/financial crisis政治/金融危机 an economic crisis经济危机 in times of crisis 在危急关头 crisis 【填空】 Our general manager tried his best to help overcome

9、 the difficulties we were facing during the financial c_. To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and receivedan education atSouthwestAgricultural College in Chongqing. 为了应对应对这一危机危机，他选择了学习农业，并在 重庆的西南农学院接受教育。 7. boost /bust/vt. 使增长使增长; 使兴旺使兴旺 n. 增长增长; 提高提高; 激励激励 【扩展】【扩展】increase/rise v.

10、增加/上升(by/to) reduce/decrease/decline/fall/drop 减少/下降 (by/to) 8. yield /jild/n. 产量产量; 产出产出 vt. 出产出产(作物作物); 产生产生(收益收益、 效益等效益等) vi. 屈服屈服; 让步让步 【扩展】【扩展】fieldn. 田野; 领域; 运动场 give way to.让步; 屈服; 让路 give in让步;屈服 give up放弃; 投降 give up doing.放弃做什么 Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had

11、. 相反，农民需要提高提高他们拥有的田地的产量产量。 9. convince /knvns/vt. 使相信使相信; 使确信使确信; 说服说服 【扩展】【扩展】convincedadj. 坚信; 深信; 确信 convincingadj. 令人信服的;有说服力的 be convinced of相信 convince sb. to do. 说服某人做什么 persuade sb. to do= persuade/talk/reason sb. into doing说服某人做什么 persuade sb. not to do= persuade/talk/reason sb. out of doin

12、g 说服某人不做什么 convince 【替换】 Yuan Longping strongly believed that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. _ Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 袁隆平坚信坚信，可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到答 案。 10. characteristic /krktrstk/n. 特征特征; 特特 点点; 品质品质 adj. 典型的典型的; 独特的独特的

13、【扩展】【扩展】charactern. 特性; 特点; 特色 characteristic 【填空】 The c_ of a person are the special qualities that make him or her different from others. 11. attain /ten/ vt. (通常经过努力通常经过努力)获得获得; 得到得到; 达到达到(某年龄、水平、状况某年龄、水平、状况) 【扩展】【扩展】get (got;got/gotten) v. 获得; 挣得 赚 win(won)v. 获得; 挣得; 取得; 赢得 gainv. 获得; 取得 acquire

14、v. 获得; 取得 turnv. 达到/超过(年龄/数量/时间) attain 12. conventional /knvennl/ adj.传统的传统的; 常规常规的的 【扩展】【扩展】traditionaladj. 传统的; 习俗的; 守旧的 convention n. 传统，习俗， 常规 conventional 【填空】 My mother is very c_ and finds it hard to accept the modern lifestyle that I enjoy. 3 / 9 conveniencen. 方便; 便利 convenientadj. 方便的; 便利的

15、; 附近的 The vegetables are grown in special liquids insteadoftheearththatisusedasin _(传统的) farming. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. 杂交作物的一个特点特点是它们的产量通常比常常 规规作物高。 13. pollinate /plnet/vt. 授粉授粉; 传粉传粉pollinate However, whether it was possi

16、ble to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. 然而，是否有可能培育出如水稻等自花授粉授粉植 物的杂交种，这是一个充满争议的问题。 14. assumption /smpn/n. 假定假定; 设定设定; (责任责任 的的)承担承担; (权利的权利的)获得获得 【扩展】【扩展】assume /sjum / sum/ v.假设;获得;承担 assumption【填空】 Many of us a_ that earthquakes would never hap

17、pen in our area. The common assumption then was that it could not be done. 人们普遍认为认为这是不可能做到的。 15. intense /ntens/adj. 热切的热切的; 十分强烈的十分强烈的; 激烈的激烈的 【扩展】【扩展】intense heat/pain酷热/剧痛 intense 16. overcome /vkmvt. 克服克服; 解决解决; 战胜战胜 【扩展】【扩展】get over克服; 解决; 战胜 overcome ( overcame,overcome) 【替换】【替换】 Yuan Longping

18、, through intense effort, solved enormous difficulties and developed the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming. _ Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. 通过不懈的不懈的努力，袁隆平克服克服了巨大的技术难 题，于 19

19、74 年研制出了第一批可用于农业生 产的杂交水稻。 17. expand /kspnd/ v. 扩大扩大; 增加增加; 扩展扩展; 发展发展 (业务业务) 【扩展】【扩展】expansionn.扩张;扩展;扩大;膨胀 expand 【替换】 This hybrid enabled farmers to increase their output greatly._ 18. output /atpt/ n. 产量产量; 输出输出; 输出输出量量vt.输出输出 【扩展】【扩展】input n. 输入; 投 v.输入 (inputting - inputted/input) output ( out

20、put,output)【填空】 In his travels, he observed that some farmers had much better _( 产 量 ) than others, so he decidedtoinvestigatethebestwaysof _(attain) good harvests. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly. 这种杂交植物使农民能够大幅度增加增加他们的 水稻产量产量。 19. estimate /estmt/ vt./n.估计估计; 估价估价; 估算估算 【

21、扩展】【扩展】establish /stbl/ v. 建立; 创立; 设立 assessv. 评估; 评定; 估算; 估定 evaluatev. 估计; 评价; 评估 estimate【填空】 It was difficult to calculate exactly how many trees had been cut down. However, a general _(estimate) was possible. 20. domestic /dmestk/ adj.本国的本国的; 国内的国内的; 家家 用的用的; 家庭的家庭的 【扩展】【扩展】familyn. 家; 家庭; 亲属;

22、家族 abroadadv. 国外; 外国 at home and abroad/overseas在国内外 domestic domestic affairs /politics /flight /market /reform 国内事务/政治/航班/市场/改革 21. consumption /knsmpn/ n.消耗消耗;消耗量消耗量;消费消费consumption【填空】 With more and more farm machines being used 4 / 9 in the fields, the c_ of fuel has been increasing. Then busin

23、essmen decided to make use of it to growgreenvegetablestomeetincreasing _(消费) demands. 22. comprise /kmpraz/ vt.包括包括; 包含包含; 由由组成组成 【扩展】【扩展】includev. 包含; 包括 includingprep. 包括 containv.含有;包含;容纳;控制;克制 prizen. 奖品; 奖金; 奖赏 pricen. 价格; 代价 praisen./v. 表扬; 赞扬 comprise 23. be comprised of.包括包括; 包含包含;由由组成组成(或构

24、成或构成) 【辨析】【辨析】 be comprised of sb./sth.由组成/构成(很正式) consist of sb./sth./doing. 由组成/构成(常用) be made up of sb./sth. 由组成/构成 (常用) 【填空】 After retiring, he wrote a book, Qi Min Yao Shu, whichwas_(comprise)ofsound advice and practices for people doing agricultural work. 24. generate /denret/ vt.产生产生; 引起引起 【扩

25、展】【扩展】 general n.将军;上将 adj.大慨的;全体的;普遍的 generate/produce/make electricity 发电 generate power 发电 generate heat/power 产生热/动力 generate income /profit /wealth 产生收益/利润/财富 generate 【填空】 Thegovernmenthasdecidedtoboostthe programme to g_ more new jobs. 25. strain /stren/ n. (动、植物的动、植物的)系系; 品种品种; 拉伤拉伤; 压力压力 【扩

26、展】【扩展】pressuren. 压力; 压强 under pressure在压力下 speciesn. 物种(单数复数相同) trainv. 培训; 训练; 锻炼 n. 火车 under strain在压力下 put a strain on.给某人增加压力/负担 Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuans hybrid strains, and his strains have allo

27、wed Chinas farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. 据估算估算， 现在中国国内消费国内消费的稻米有大约 60% 来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成形成的作物，这些 品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出 大约两亿吨稻米。 26. leisure /n(r)/ n . 闲暇闲暇; 休闲休闲; 空闲空闲 【扩展】【扩展】luxuryn. 奢华; 奢侈; 奢侈品 leisure shoes/clothes便鞋/便服 at leisure闲散; 悠闲; 不慌不忙; 从容 at ones leisure 有空时;

28、空闲时; 方便时 in ones spare/free time 在的空闲时间里 leisure 【替换】 Students are encouraged to try a variety to free-time activities to reduce the intense stress from studying. _ Given that Yuans hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. 【解析】Given that是原因状语从句的引导词，类

29、 似 的 有 seeing that, now that, in that, 考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们 可能认为他会退休享受闲适的闲适的生活。 【翻译】考虑到他们没有经验，他们的工作已 经 算 是 做 得 相 当 不 错 了 。 （ given that, inexperienced） 5 / 9 considering that_ 27. deep down在内心深处在内心深处; 本质上本质上; 实际上实际上 【扩展】【扩展】 as a matter of fact = in fact/effect 实际/事实上 【填空】 The tunnels are lit with p

30、ink LEDs as there is no natural light _( 深 处 ) below the ground. Deep down, Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart.实际上实际上，袁隆平在内心深处仍然是一位农民。 28. soil /sl/ n. 泥士泥士; 土壤土壤; 国土国土; 领土领土 【扩展】【扩展】oiln. 油; 石油; 食用油 territoryn. 领土; 版图; 领地 floorn. 地板; 地面(室内的) groundn.土壤; 土地; 地; 地面(室外的) landn. 农田; 陆地; 大地; 国土;

31、国家 earthn.土壤;泥土;大地;陆地;地面;地球 【填空】 They could either let the animals eat the weeds or turn the _ over so that the weeds were covered. 29. celebrity /slebrti/ n.名望名望; 名誉名誉; 名人名人; 名流名流 【扩展】【扩展】celebratev.庆祝; 庆贺; 歌颂 celebrity【填空】 Newspapers should pay less attention to media c_ and more attention to our

32、national heroes. As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity or money. 作为一个土生土长的人，他不太在乎名利。 30. envision /nvn/vt. 展望展望; 想象想象 【扩展】【扩展】imaginev. 想象; 设想; 猜测; 认为 imaginationn. 想象力; 想象 imagen. 图像; 形象; 印象; 声誉 envision envision/imagine doing.想象做什么 31. sorghum /sm/ n. 高梁高梁; 高梁米高梁米sorghum 32. broom /b

33、rum/ n. 扫把扫把 ;扫帚扫帚; 金雀花金雀花 【扩展【扩展】a new broom (BrE) 新就职者；（尤指）刚 上任的新官 roomn. 房间; 空间 Anew broom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火。 33. grain /ren/n. 谷物谷物; 谷粒谷粒; 颗粒颗粒 【扩展】【扩展】ricen. 水稻; 大米 wheatn. 小麦 cornn. 玉米 vegetablen. 蔬菜 a grain of wheat/rice/sand 一粒小麦/大米/沙子 a bag of grain 一袋谷物 Long ago, he envisioned rice plan

34、ts as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. 很久以前，他设想设想水稻高至高粱高粱，稻穗大如扫 帚，而每粒稻谷稻谷大如花生。 34. vision /vn/n. 想象想象; 视力视力; 视野视野; 影像影像 【扩展】【扩展】sightn. 视力;景色 eyesight /asat/n. 视力 imaginationn. 想象力; 想象 imagen. 图像; 形象; 印象 vision have good/perfect/po

35、or/ normal vision视力好/ 极好/差/正常 be full of vision 富有远见的 【填空】Many experts share a _(愿景) that this kind of urban farming could help not only in t_ the problem of population growth, but also in adapting to climate change. Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still尽管年事已高，袁隆平的内心仍然年轻，富有 6 / 9 young

36、at heart and full of vision, and everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next. 远见远见，每个人都在等着看他下一步的梦想。 35. reality /rilti/n. 现实现实; 实际情况实际情况; 事实事实 【扩展】【扩展】realadj. 真的; 真正的; 真实的; 实在的 reallyadv. 真实地; 真正地; 事实上 reality become a reality成为现实 in reality事实上 【填空】 But that never became _(现实) and the she

37、lter was left for 70 years. 36. salty /slti/adj. 含盐的含盐的; 咸的咸的 【扩展】【扩展】saltn. 盐 salty His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production. 他对“海水稻”的最新设想设想也已成为现实现实，并可 能在中国开辟近 100 万平方公里

38、的盐碱盐碱地，用 于水稻生产。 37. urban /bn/adj.城市的城市的; 都市的都市的; 城镇的城镇的 【扩展】【扩展】ruraladj. 乡村的; 农村的 cityn. 大城市 townn. 城镇 urban countrysiden. 农村 countryn. 农村; 乡村; 国家 countyn. 县; 郡 A vast underground shelter built during World War II has been turned into an urban farm, supplying supermarkets and restaurants in London

39、. 在第二次世界大战期间建造的一个巨大的地 下避难所已经变成了一个城市城市农场，为伦敦的 超市和餐馆提供食物。 38. bomb /bm/n. 炸弹炸弹 v. 轰炸轰炸; 对对投炸弹投炸弹 a time bomb定时炸弹 set off a bomb引爆炸弹 go off =explode = blow up 爆炸 39. tunnel /tnl/ n. 地下通道地下通道; 地道地道; 隧道隧道tunnel ;drive a tunnel开凿隧道 40. extension /kstenn/ n. 扩建部分扩建部分; 扩大扩大; 电话电话 分机分机 【扩展】【扩展】extend /kstend

40、/ v.伸长; 扩大;扩展;延长 extension The shelter, which could protect up to 8,000 people from wartime bombs, is comprised of two large tunnels that were intended to one day become an extension of the London Underground. 这个避难所可以保护多达 8000 人免受战时炸炸 弹弹的袭击，它由两条大型隧道隧道组成，这些隧道 原本打算有朝一日成为伦敦地铁的延伸部分。 41. chemical /kemkl/

41、 adj. 与化学有关的与化学有关的; 化学的化学的 n.化学制品化学制品; 化学品化学品 【扩展】【扩展】chemistry /kemstr/n. 化学 chemist /kemst/n. 化学家; 药剂师 physics /fzks/ n. 物理 physical /fzkl/ adj. 物理的;身体的 chemical1 What worries many people is that these chemicals may even cause cancer. 【解析】 许多人担心的是，这些化学物质化学物质甚至可能导致 癌症。 42. wheat /wit/n. 小麦小麦; 小麦籽小麦

42、籽 【扩展】【扩展】sweat /swet/ v. 出汗 n. 汗水; 流汗 flour /fla/ n. 面粉 flowern. 花 steamed bun/bread馒头 steamed stuffed bun包子 noodlen. 面条 When these wheat farmerswilljoin thispilot这些小麦小麦种植户何时加入这一试点仍是一个 7 / 9 experiment remains an unanswered question.未回答的问题。 43. flavor /flev/n. 味道味道; 特点特点; 特色特色 【扩展【扩展】favour/favor n

43、. 好意; 恩惠; 支持;赞同; 偏 爱 v. 赞同; 支持; 喜爱; 偏袒 favourite/favorite adj.最喜爱的 n. 最喜爱的事物/东 西/人 smelln. 气味; 味觉; 臭味 charactern. 特性; 特点; 特色 characteristicn. 特点; 特征; 特色 flavor 44. fertilizer /ftlaz(r)/n. 肥料肥料fertilizer artificial/chemical/ organic fertilizer 人工/化学/有机肥料 45. nutritional /njutrnl/adj.营养营养(物物)的的nutriti

44、onal However, what she is unhappy about is the lower nutritional value and reduced flavour. 然而， 令她不快的是营养营养价值降低， 风味风味减少。 46. nutritious /njutrs/ adj.有营养的有营养的;营养丰富的营养丰富的nutritious 47. nutrition /njutrn/n. 营养营养; 滋养滋养nutrition【填空】 Crops grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of

45、 _(营养). As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. 至于化肥，使用化肥种植的农作物通常生长过 快，营养营养不丰富。 48. alleviate /liviet/vt. 减轻减轻; 缓解缓解alleviate What is the FAO doing to alleviate world hunger?粮农组织正在做什么来减轻减轻世界饥饿？ 49. poverty /pvti/n. 贫穷贫穷; 贫困贫困 【扩展【扩展】 pooradj.

46、贫穷的; 贫瘠的;可怜的; 粗劣的 poverty live in poverty生活在贫困中 World Food Day(WFD) was created by the FAO in 1979. It is celebrated in more than 150 countries, raising awareness and knowledge of the problems and causes behind world hunger and poverty. 世界粮食日由粮农组织于1979年创立， 在150 多个国家举行庆祝活动，提高人们对世界饥饿 和贫穷贫穷背后的问题和原因的意识和

47、认知。 50. organic /nk/adj. 有机的有机的; 不使用化肥不使用化肥 的的; 有机物的有机物的 organic【填空】 Many _( 有 机 的 ) farmers use natural animal waste as fertilizer. _ farming is nowhere near able to meet the high food demand in the world. 51. pesticide /pestsad/ n. 杀虫剂杀虫剂; 除害药物除害药物 【扩展】【扩展】pest /pest/n.害虫; 害兽; 害鸟 pesticide 【填空】 So

48、me _(杀虫剂) have been prohibited because of the _(损害) they cause to people and the environment. 52. widespread /wadspred/adj. 分布广的分布广的; 普普 遍的遍的; 广泛的广泛的 【扩展】【扩展】wideadj. 宽的; 宽阔的;广泛的 spread (spread) v. 摊开; 展开; 传播; 蔓延; 扩展 widespread Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread u

49、se in farming since the middle of the 20th century. 自 20 世纪中叶以来，化学农药农药和人工肥料肥料在 农业中得到了广泛的广泛的应用。 53. bacterium /bktrm/ n. 细菌细菌(复数复数： bacteriabacterium 【填空】 8 / 9 /bktri)Pesticides can kill helpful _(细菌) and insects. For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and i

50、nsects, but also helpful ones. 例如，农药不仅会杀死有害的细菌细菌和昆虫，还 会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。 54. in turn相应地相应地; 转而转而; 依次依次; 轮流轮流 【扩展】in return for回报 55. digest /dadest/vt./vi. 消化消化; 领会领会; 领悟领悟 /dadest/n. 摘要摘要; 文摘文摘 digest the Readers Digest 读者文摘 This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and hu