Unit 3 定语从句ppt课件- -（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语必修第一册.pptx

1、定语定语与定语从句与定语从句 Lead in Learning Aims 1. Have a general idea about what an attributive is and what an attributive clause is. 2. Be able to write down some sentences with attributive or attributive clause. Self-study 1. Find out the attributes in these sentences. 2. Try to find the attributive clauses

2、 in these sentences. Lucy is a shy girl. Tom is an outgoing boy. Lucy who likes reading is a shy girl. Tom who hates reading is an outgoing boy. shy outgoing who likes reading who hates reading 考点一定语考点一定语 一、概念 修饰或限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句被称为定语。 二、可充当定语的词 定语可由数词、代词、形容词、介词短语、定语从句或非谓语动词等充 当。 三、位置 定语有前置和后置两种情况，如短

3、语结构、从句等作定语时，常置于被修 饰词之后。 Guidance & Exploration The beautiful girl is her daughter.那个漂亮的女孩是她的 女儿。 The building being repaired is our library.正在修复的那 幢楼是我们的图书馆。 ( (形容词和形容词性物主代词作前置定语形容词和形容词性物主代词作前置定语) ) ( (非谓语动词作后置定语非谓语动词作后置定语) ) _ _ 一、必须掌握的三个概念 1.定语从句定语从句： I want to talk to somebody who I can trust. Th

4、e first place that I visited was the Palace Museum. 2.先行词先行词： This is the place which is worth visiting. Many lifes problems which were solved by asking family members，friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.许多以前可以通过询问家庭成 员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题，是现在的大家庭无力解决的。 考点二定

5、语从句考点二定语从句 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 被定语从句所修饰的词、短语或句子叫先行词。 (一个词) (一个短语) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought，which took root in Europe long before people have realized how diverse languages could be. 希腊人认为，语言结构和思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点是在人们尚未认识 到语言的

6、千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。 I found an old man lying on the ground and I took him to hospital in a taxi immediately，which was why I was late that morning. 我发现一个老人躺在马路上，我乘出租车立即把他送到了医院，这就是那天早上我迟 到的原因。 (一个分句) (一个完整的句子) 3.关系词关系词： 关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。 关系词有三大作用：代指先行词，引导定语从句，在从句中作句子成分。 Beijing，which is the capital city o

7、f China，is a very beautiful city. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 which代指Beijing 在从句中作主语 二、限制性与非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 与先行词关系密切，删除后影响整个意 思的表达 与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说 明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达 不用逗号分开一般使用逗号分开 可用关系代词that不可用关系代词that 关系代词that，who，which在从句中作 宾语时可以省略 关系代词不可以省略 只可以修饰名词或代词，不可以修饰句 子 既可以修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰 句子，有逗号分开，只能由which或 as引导 I

8、know nothing that happened last night. 昨天晚上所发生的事情，我一点儿也不知道。 He was generous with his time，which I was grateful for.他十分慷 慨地给予我时间，为此我非常感激。 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 三、正确使用关系词 1.关系代词 关系代词在句中代替指人或事物的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定 语等句子成分。 关系代词先行词句法功能 who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose (of

9、 whom/of which) 人或物定语 that人或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) as人或物主语、宾语 Do you know the man that/whom Mr White introduced just now？ Our monitor is the boy whose father is a lawyer. 做宾语做宾语 做定语做定语 2.关系副词 关系副词代替表示时间、地点、原因的先行词，并在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和 原因状语，不能省略。 关系副词先行词句法功能 when时间时间状语 where地点地点状语 wh

10、y原因原因状语(只引导限制性定语从句) He didnt tell me the time when the meeting would begin. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. There are various reasons why people write poetry. 【拓展】 当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词activity, business, case, career, family, point, race, situation, stage, point, j

11、ob等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关 系副词where引导定语从句。 时间状语时间状语 地点状语地点状语 原因状语原因状语 They have reached the point _ they have to separate with each other. where 3.“介词关系词”引导的定语从句 (1)基本形式与用法 构成 句法功能用法指津 名词(代词)介词关系代词主语可转化为“whose名词”结构 数词(形容词最高级)of关系代词主语 数词还可以用some，many，most， each等不定代词替换 介词(短语)关系代词状语 关系代词只能用which或whom且不 能省略，

12、但可与关系副词互换 介词关系代词名词状语关系代词常用which 和whose 介词关系副词状语 有时为了表达清楚，还可以在关系 副词where/when前加介词from或to Recently，I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable. 最近，我买了一个古董花瓶，它的价格很合理。 The poor man has no house in which he can live. 那个穷人没房子住。 Lily might possibly come，in which case Ill ask her. 莉莉可能会来

13、，要是那样的话我就去问她。 There is a big window in my room，from where I can see the railway station. 我的房间有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。 (2)“介词关系代词”结构中介词的确定 根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。 In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.(turn to sb for help) 在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。 根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。

14、Ill never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我将永远难忘我在乡下度过的那段童年岁月。 根据所表达的意思来确定。 The colorless gas without which we cant live is called oxygen. 这种无色的气体就是氧气，离了它我们无法生存。 4.两组关系词的区别 (1)7种只用that而不用which的情况 当先行词是all，much，little，few，everything 等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。 There is nothing t

15、hat we can do now. 现在我们什么也做不了。 当先行词被the only，the last，the very 等修饰时。 This is the very book that I want.这正是我想要的书。 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 The present time is the best gift that you can give yourself.当前的时光是你能给自己的最 好的礼物。 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 Dont trust the first sign that you see. 不要相信你看见的第一个迹象。 当先行词中既有表示

16、人又有表示物的名词时。 My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.我妈妈和她的老朋友们谈论了一些她们记忆中学校里的人和事。 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Which is the car that you bought last week?你上周买的哪辆车？ 当先行词是主句的表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。 Jack is not the man that he was.杰克不是过去的他了。 (2)which与as引导非限制性定语从句

17、的3点区别 whichas 位置上只能放在先行词的后面位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末 搭配上无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如 see，hear，know，expect，remember等 意思上意为“这一点”表示“正如，正像的那样” She married again，which was unexpected. 她再婚了，这是始料未及的。 She married again，as we expected. 正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。 【名师指津】as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such名词as(像一样 的，像之类的)；such(pron.)as(像一

18、样的，像之类的)；the same名词 as(和同样的)。 They felt such heat in the jungle as they had never felt before.他们在丛林中感到的热是以 前从未经历过的。 He is not the same man as he was.他和过去不同了。 四、定语从句的特殊形式 1.分隔式定语从句 所谓分隔式定语从句，就是为了某种特殊的需要，与先行词分离的定语从句。 My father has a picture by a famous painter which was sent to him for his birthday. 我

19、爸爸有一幅出自名家手笔的画，那是别人送给他的生日礼物。(by a famous painter 把先行词picture与定语从句分隔开了。) 2.混杂式定语从句 有时定语从句的关系词与其后的词之间会有I think，I believe，I guess，I expect，I am sure或they say 等句式，使得定语从句更加复杂，我们称这种定语从句为混杂式定语 从句。 That evening some people saw something that they believed was a UFO flying across the sky. 那天傍晚，一些人看到了他们认为是不明飞行

20、物的东西从天空中飞过。 3.省略式定语从句 有些定语从句，在不引起歧义的情况下，也可以省略一些成分，变为“介词关系代 词不定式”的形式，从而使语句更加简洁。 I was trying to find a place in which to lay all these books.我在找一个放这些书的地方。 (完整形式为“in which I could lay all these books.) Summary 定语从句与高考语法填空题 找：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分，再找出先行词和关系词。 还：根据先行词提示的意思，把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。(可以添 词) 替换：用关系词替换定语从

21、句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系 代词，作状语用关系副词。(时间状语用when，地点状语用where，原因状 语用why。) 规律方法 This is the school _ I once studied. This is the school _ is the most famous in the city. I am studying at a school _ my father teaches English. 典型例题 where that/which where 典型例题 Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at

22、 the pet shop in Macclesfield， _ she opened with her late husband Les.(2019全国卷)which _ 亡夫亡夫 先行词先行词 缺宾语缺宾语 定语从句与高考短文改错题 “3步”解题 第一步：判断是否为定语从句，what不引导定语从句是常考点； 第二步：判断是何种定语从句，that不引导非限制性定语从句是常考点； 第三步：分析关系词在定语从句中所作成分，关系词混用是常考点。 规律方法 In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environme

23、nt what is created for them.(2019全国卷) 典型例题 that/which 先行词先行词 缺主语缺主语 It was the summer of 2018，1._ I came to Xuancheng No.13 Senior High School.Our school is a wonderful place，2._ I can see a lot of beautiful buildings and a large square.Our classroom，the roof of 3._ looks like a rocket in the distan

24、ce，is located in the center of our school.The main reason 4._ I like our school is that I can make many friends.I can get along with my classmates here，two of 5._ are my best friends.Jack，6._ comes from XX Junior High School， is very active.He likes various sports，among 7._ he likes running very much. He will run 5 kilometers every day，8._ makes him look strong. when where which why whom who which Assignment which