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类型(2019版)外研版高中英语必修第一册Unit 4 Friends forever Grammar 定语从句 ppt课件.ppt

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    1、高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 4 Friends forever 单元语法单元语法 定语从句(定语从句()关系代词的用法关系代词的用法 要点一定语从句概述 ( 1)定义:在复合句中修饰某一名词或代 词的从句,叫做定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代 词叫做先行词。 (2)构成: (3)分类:限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 4 Friends forever ( 4)关系词 关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose, as 关系副词:when,where,why 关系代词的具体用法见下表: 关系代词关系代词先行词先行词在从句中所作的成分在从句中所作

    2、的成分 that 人、物 主语、宾语 which 物主语、宾语 who人主语、宾语 whom人宾语 whose人、物定语 as人、物主语、宾语 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 4 Friends forever 写出下列各句中定语从句的先行词、关系词及其在从句中所作的成分写出下列各句中定语从句的先行词、关系词及其在从句中所作的成分 (1)But the one million people of the city,who thought little of these events,were asleep as usual that night. _ (2)The man whose fath

    3、er I had talked to is Jack. _ (3)A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses,roads and canals. _ (4)The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000. _ 先行词:the one million people of the city;关系词:who,在 从句中作主语 先行词:the man;关系词:

    4、whose,在从句中作定语 先行词:a huge crack;关系词:that,在从句中作主语 先行词:people;关系词:who,在从句中作主语 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 4 Friends forever 写出下列各句中定语从句的先行词、关系词及其在从句中所作的成分写出下列各句中定语从句的先行词、关系词及其在从句中所作的成分 (5)They can choose something that they like. _ (6)The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.

    5、 _ (7)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. _ 先行词:something;关系词:that,在从句中作宾语 先行词:those;关系词:who,在从句中作主语 先行词:survivors;关系词:whose,在从句中作定语 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 4 Friends forever 要点二关系代词的用法 ( 1)that 既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。 ( 2)which 指物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。 ( 3)who 指人,在

    6、定语从句中可作主语 或宾语,作宾语时可省略。 ( 4)whom 指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略,也可用who 代替。 ( 5)whose 既可指人也可指物,表“所属”关系,在定语从句中作定语。 【误区警示误区警示】 (1)关系代词指代先行词且在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语,因此定语从句中不能再 出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。 昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。 The film (that/which)we saw it last night was very frightening.() The film (that/which) we saw last night was very

    7、frightening. () ( 2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略,作宾语时可以省略。 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 4 Friends forever 填上适当的关系代词,并写出关系代词的用法和功能填上适当的关系代词,并写出关系代词的用法和功能 (1) They ignored the details might account for the accident. ( ) (2) This is the suitcase she is looking for. ( ) (3)词汇复现The number of the people come to visit this city ea

    8、ch year reaches one million.( ) (4)词汇复现We are concerned about people have suffered a lot in the earthquake. ( ) (5)词汇复现Danny was the man we rescued from the ruins. ( ) (6) Rose is the person you should care about.( ) (7) Is that the girl you spoke of the other day?( ) (8)词汇复现I know the person house

    9、was totally destroyed in the earthquake. ( ) that/which指物,作主语 that/which指物,作宾语, 可以省略 who/that 指人,作主语 who/that 指人,作主语 who/whom/that 指人,作宾语,可以省略 who/whom/that指人,作宾语,可以省略 who/whom/that指人,作宾语,可以省略 whose 指人,作定语,修饰house 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 4 Friends forever 要点三宜用that不宜用which引导定语从句的情况 ( 1)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级 修饰时。

    10、( 2)当先行词是 all,little(少),few, much,any,everything,anything,nothing, none 等不定代词或被这些词修饰时。 ( 3)当先行词被 the only,the very,the last,the same 等修饰时。 【学法点拨学法点拨】 以上三种情况有一个共同特点,就是先行词或先行词之前的修饰语往往带有“唯一”或者 “全部”的概念,以致无法作出选择。因为关系代词which 是疑问代词, 表示“ 哪一个”, 含有选择意味,所以,用 that 引导万无一失。 (4)当先行词既包括人又包括物时。 ( 5)当主句是以 who,which 开

    11、头的特殊疑问句时。 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 4 Friends forever 单句语法填空并分析单句语法填空并分析 (1) The first thing you should do is call the police right away. (2) This is the most delicious food I have ever had. (3) All can be done has been done. (4) Tell me everything you know. (5) Please send us any information you have about t

    12、he subject. (6) The only thing she could do was go to the police for help. (7) This is the very book I want to buy. (8) Sometimes we should ignore the persons and things upset us. (9) Which of the books you bought is the most useful for my writing? that先行词被序数词修饰 that先行词被形容词最高级修饰 that先行词是all that先行词是

    13、everything that先行词被any 修饰 that先行词被the only 修饰 that先行词被the very 修饰 that先行词既包括人又包括物 that 主句是以which 开头的特殊疑问句 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 4 Friends forever 要点四宜用which不宜用that引导定语从句的情况 (1)引导非限制性定语从句时。 (2)当关系代词前有介词时。 (3)当先行词本身就是that时。 ( 4)在限制性定语从句中,如果有两个定 语从句,其中一句的关系词是that,那么另一句 的关系词宜用which。 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 4 Friends

    14、forever 单句语法填空并分析单句语法填空并分析 (1) Football, is an interesting game,is very popular all over the world. (2) This is the house in Mo Yan once lived. (3) That you told him is what we want to know. (4) Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library was newly open. which that不能引导非限制性定语从句 which “

    15、介词+ 关系代词”时,关系代词用which 不用that which先行词本身是that which 两个定语从句,一个用that,另一个用which 引导 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 4 Friends forever 要点五宜用who不宜用that引导定语从句的情况 ( 1)当先行词是指人的不定代词时, 如 one,ones,anyone,no one,nobody, anybody, none,all 等。 (2)在there be 结构中,先行词指人时。 (3)当先行词是people 和 those 时。 (4)一个句子中带有两个定语从句且先行词都为人时,其中一个定语从句的关系代词

    16、是that, 另一个宜用who。 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 4 Friends forever 单句语法填空并分析单句语法填空并分析 (1) The students you should learn from are those graduated from famous universities. (2) There is a young lady is in a state of shock. (3) People want to travel abroad should apply for a passport first. (4) The boy that you met la

    17、st night is the group leader studies very hard. who 先行词是 those(指人) who there be 结构中, 先行词指人 who 先行词是people who 一个句子中有两个定语从句且先行词都为人,其中一个 定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个用who 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 4 Friends forever 要点六关系代词as引导的定语从句 ( 1)as 既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。它常用在the same. as.,such. as. 等结构中,as不能省略。注意:当先行词被the same 修饰

    18、时,也可用that 引导定语从句, 但指同一物,而不是同一类。 ( 2)as 引导非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句的内容。从句可放在主句前、主句中间或主 句后。 【归纳梳理归纳梳理】as 引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达: as we all know 众所周知as is well known 众所周知 as you see 如你所见as can be seen 正如所见 as we expect 正如我们期望的as is/was expected 正如期望的 as often happens 正如经常发生的 as is often the case 情况常常是这样 as I can reme

    19、mber 正如我所记得的as has been said before 如前所述 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 4 Friends forever 单句语法填空单句语法填空 (1) Such reasons we give can persuade him to give up his foolish plan. (2) Ill buy the same dictionary you have. (3) you know,she is a stubborn girl,and I cant persuade her to change her mind. (4) My grandfather

    20、is fond of talking about the good old days, is often the case with old people. 比较并翻译比较并翻译 (5) This is the same bike that I lost two months ago. _ (6) This is the same bike as I lost two months ago. _ as as As as 这就是两个月前我丢的那辆自行车。(同一辆自行车) 这辆自行车跟我两个月前丢的那辆一样。(同样的自行车,但不是同一辆) 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 5 Into the wi

    21、ld 定语从句(定语从句()关系副词的用法关系副词的用法 【要点要点1】概述概述 当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语时,应使用关系副词 when,where,why。 关系副词的作用如下: (1)指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词; (2)在从句中充当句子成分状语; (3)起连接作用,把主句和定语从句连接起来。 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 5 Into the wild 找出句中的关系副词及定语从句修饰的先行词找出句中的关系副词及定语从句修饰的先行词 (1) There was a time when I hated to go to school. _ (2) It is

    22、 a world of wonders, a world where anything can happen. _ (3) The reason why he did not come is quite clear. _ 关系副词:when;先行词:a time 关系副词:where;先行词:a world 关系副词:why;先行词:the reason 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 5 Into the wild 【要点要点2】关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句 (1)when 引导的定语从句 when 表示时间,代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语,其先行词往往是表示 时间的名词

    23、,如time,day,week,year等。 【误区警示误区警示 】 (1) 当先行词是时间名词时,定语从句既可用 when 引导,也可以用 that 或 which 引 导,关键看关系词在从句中作何种成分。 (2) 若关系词在定语从句中作状语,则用when 引导;若关系词在定语从句中作主 语或宾语,则用 that 或 which 引导。 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 5 Into the wild (2)where 引导的定语从句 where 表示地点,代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语,其先行词往往是表示 地点的名词,如 place,factory,house,village 等,或表示

    24、抽象地点的名词,如 position,point,case,stage,situation,atmosphere 等。 【误区警示误区警示 】 当先行词是地点名词时,如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语,则用 that 或 which 引导定语从句。 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 5 Into the wild (3)why 引导的定语从句 why 表示原因,代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词是表示理由的 名词 reason。 【误区警示误区警示 】 若代替先行词 reason 的关系词在定语从句中不作状语,而是充当主语或宾语,则 用 that 或 which 引导定语从句。 高中英

    25、语 必修第一册 UNIT 5 Into the wild 单句语法填空单句语法填空 (1) We will never forget the day _we flew at an altitude of 6,000 meters in the sky. (2) Do you still remember the days _we chatted with each other all night? (3) Do you still remember the days _we spent together on the farm? (4) Finally,we got to a factory,

    26、_many mobile phones of high quality were produced. (5) Its helpful to put children in a situation_they can see themselves differently. (6) This is the house _was built by my grandfather forty years ago. when when that/which where where that/which 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 5 Into the wild (7) I dont know the r

    27、eason_he didnt turn to his good friend for help yesterday. (8) I wont listen to the reason_you have given us. 【解析解析】 (7) why先行词是 the reason,定语从句中缺少的是状语。 (8) that/which先行词虽然是the reason,但定语从句中缺少的是宾语。 why that/which 高中英语 必修第一册 UNIT 5 Into the wild 【要点要点3】关系代词与关系副词的选用关系代词与关系副词的选用 单句语法填空单句语法填空 (1) This is the factory _ I visited last year. (2) This is the factory _ he used to work. (3) Is this the museum _ was built last year? (4) Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held? that/which where that/which where

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