Unit 4 单词 ppt课件-（2019新教材）人教版高中英语必修第二册.pptx

1、break away from break away from 从从.脱离，逃脱脱离，逃脱 The tiger broke away from the cage and fled into the forest. 老虎从笼子里挣脱出来，逃进了森林。 break其他短语 break out break in break off break up break into break down break through 战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然发生、爆发 强行进入，打断 断开，停顿，突然中止 破碎，解散，(同某人)绝交 强行闯入，突然开始（笑、唱等） 出故障，（身体）垮掉，(谈判)失败 突破，克

2、服 1 A quarrel _ between them because he told lies to her. 2 If George keeps on working so hard, hell _ sooner or later. 3 Dont _ when we are talking. Wait your turn. 4 The new policy will encourage more people to speak to the media and _ the tradition of “Silence is golden”. broke outbroke out break

3、 downbreak down break inbreak in break away frombreak away from result in +doing/n. result in +doing/n. 导致，造成导致，造成 The great increase in tourism in recent years has resulted in the construction of many hotels. 近年来旅游业迅猛发展，因此人们兴建了许多旅馆。 Acting before thinking often results in failure. 做事不先考虑常会导致失败。 拓展拓

4、展 result from 由.造成，+原因 result in 造成，导致，+结果，=cause/lead to/bring about Sometimes failure results from carelessness and may result in discouragement. 有时候失败是有粗心大意造成的，而且可能会让人沮丧。 as a result 结果 as a result of 由于. without result 徒劳，毫无结果 belong to belong to 属于，是属于，是.的成员的成员 The future belongs to the well-ed

5、ucated. 未来属于受过良好教育的人。 He belongs to the football club. 他是足球俱乐部的成员。 注意： 1 1 belong to 无被动语态和进行时态 2 2 belong to 中to是介词，+名词或代词 3 3 belong to可以作后置定语，形式为belonging to,相当于含belong to的定 语从句。 She was upset that the valuable necklace belonging to her (=which/that belongs to her) was lost yesterday. 昨天，她那条宝贵的项链

6、丢了，她很伤心。 拓展 1 belong vi.1 belong vi.应在（某处）应在（某处） Its a good habit to teach children to lay things where they belong when they are young. 在孩子小的时候叫他们把东西放在应该放的地方是个好习惯。 2 belonging n. 2 belonging n. 归属；归属；所有物，财物所有物，财物 When I came here, I felt a strong sense of belonging. 来到这儿的时候，我有一种强烈的归属感。 Having sold

7、most of his blongings, he almost had nothing left in the house. 他已经卖掉了大部分的财物，房子里几乎什么都没有留下。 as well asas well as 1 连接并列成分，如名词，形容词，动词，介词短语 等，意为“和，也；不但.而且.；既.又.”,强调 的是as well as前的成分（引导两个主语时就前一致； not only, but also 强调后者）。 2 “除.之外”=besides=in addition to，+名词或动词ing, 尤其是位于句首时 3 同级比较，“和.一样好”，此时well是副词。 defe

8、nce 常见搭配： in defence 保卫，守护保卫，守护 in defence of 为了保卫为了保卫 in sb.s defence 为某人辩护为某人辩护 例句： We shouldnt forget the soldiers who died in defence of our country. 我们不应该忘记那些为保卫祖国而献身的战士。 I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand. 我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。 归纳拓展： defend v. 防御，保护；辩解，辩白 defen

9、d sb./sth. from/against 保卫免受 defend sb. from/against 针对为某人辩解 defensive adj. 防御的，保护的，保卫的 defenceless adj. 不能自卫的，无防御的 surround vt. 围绕，环绕，包围 常见搭配: surroundwith 用用包围包围 be surrounded by/with 被被包围包围 例句： In ancient times, people surrounded the town with a high wall. 在古代，人们用高墙围住城镇。 Our house is surrounded b

10、y/with trees, so we can enjoy their shade in summer. 我们的房子被树木环抱，所以夏天我们可以在树荫下乘凉。 归纳拓展： surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的 surroundings n. 环境 insurroundings 在环境中 Evidence n. Evidence n. 证据，根据，证明证据，根据，证明 常见搭配: There is evidence that 有证据表明 例句： There is growing evidence that people whose diets are rich in vitamins

11、 are less likely to develop some types of cancers. 越来越多的证据表明，饮食中富含维生素的人患某些癌 症的可能性较低。 At present we have no evidence of complex life on other planets. 目前我们没有证据证明其他行星上有复杂生命。 拓展 1 evident adj. 清楚的，显然的 it is evident that .=It is clear/obvious that. 显然. It is evident that practice is very important for l

12、earning a language. 显然，练习对学习语言很重要。 2 evidently adv. 明显地，显然地 keep ones eyes openkeep ones eyes open 保持警觉，注意，留心，常与for 搭配 Please keep your eyes open for opportunities, for they wait for no one. 请留意寻找机会，因为他们不会等待任何人。 拓展：拓展：eyeeye其他搭配其他搭配 keep an eye on 照看，留神，留意 fix/keep ones eyes on 注视，盯着看 catch ones eye

13、 引起某人注意 have an eye for 对.有鉴赏力、识别力、眼力 look sb in the eye(s) 直视某人，正视某人 in ones eyes 依某人看，在某人眼里 She has a good eye for beauty. 她对美很有鉴赏力。 Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 情人眼里出西施。 I was doing my homework when a bird caught my eye. 我正在做作业，这时一只鸟引起了我的注意。 句式分析 so what is the difference between them, i

14、f any? 如果确有不同含义的话，那他们之间的区别是什么呢？ 这是一个主从复合句，if any 是一个省略的状语从句，完整为if there is any difference if if省略结构省略结构 在if引导的条件状语从句中有时可以省略从句的主语和谓语动词。 1 if any 即使有，如果有的话 2 if not 如果不是 3 if so 如果这样的话 4 if ever 如果有过/发生过的话 5 if+形容词： if necessary 如果有必要的话 if possible 如果可能的话 charge （1）vt. 充电充电 Alex forgot to charge the b

15、attery. 亚历克斯忘记了给电池充电。 （2）v.& n. 收费，要价收费，要价 What do you charge for making a suit? 做一套西服你要多少钱？ The restaurant charged us 400 yuan for the wine. 餐厅向我们收了400元酒水钱。 If you buy this machine, the delivery will be free of charge. 如果你买这台机器，我们将免费送货。 总结： charge for 收的费用 charge sb. money for sth. 因某事向某人收费 free of

16、 charge（= for free） 免费 （3 3）vt.& n. vt.& n. 控告，指控控告，指控 The paper charged her with using the companys money for her own purpose. 这家报纸指控她将公司的钱挪为私用。 He has been arrested on a charge of murder. 他因被控谋杀而被捕。 总结： charge sb. with (doing) sth.= accuse sb. of (doing)sth. 控告/指控某人做某事 on a charge (of sth.) (因某事)被

17、指控 （4）n. n. 掌管，主管掌管，主管 Soon he will take charge of the department. 他不久会负责管理这个部门。 Mr Green is in charge of this factory. = This factory is in the charge of Mr Green. 格林先生负责管理这家工厂。 总结： take charge of 掌管，负责 in charge of 主管,负责(主语通常为人) in the charge of sb.= in sbs charge 由某人掌管（主语通常为物） 有无冠词有无冠词thethe意义不同的

18、短语意义不同的短语 in charge of 负责负责in the charge of 由由.负责负责 in control of 控制，管理控制，管理 in the control of 由由.控制，管理控制，管理 in possession of 拥有拥有in the possession of 为为.所有所有 go to prison 去坐牢去坐牢go to the prison 去探监去探监 on earth 究竟究竟on the earth 在地球上在地球上 be sea 乘船乘船be the sea 在海边在海边 announce vt. 宣布，宣告；（尤指通过广播的）通知宣布，宣

19、告；（尤指通过广播的）通知 The teacher announced to us the result of the expriment at the beginning of the first class. 在第一节课的时候，老师向我们宣布了实验结果。 We are pleased to announce that all five candidates are successful. 我们高兴地宣布，五位候选人全都当选了。 It has been officially announced that he will pay a second visit to China soon. 官方

20、消息称，他不就将再次来中国访问。 总结: announce sth to sb=announce to sb. sth. 向某人 宣布某事 Its announced that. 据宣布（It为形式主语，真 正的主语是that引导的主语从句） 拓展： 1. 1.announcement n. 宣布，通告宣布，通告 make an announce 发表公告 2. announcer n.播音员，广播员播音员，广播员 The announcer made an announcement that all the details should be announced through the br

21、oadcast. 广播员宣布所有的细节都应通过广播发布。 approach 1. 1.（在距离或时间上）靠近，接近（在距离或时间上）靠近，接近 Walk softly as you approach the bed because the baby is sleeping. 当你走近床时步子要轻，因为婴儿正在睡觉。 With winter approaching, many animals are storing food. 冬季临近，许多动物在储存食物。 2 着手处理（问题、工作等） He tried everything to approach the difficult problem.

22、 他尝试了一切办法来解决这个问题。 3 C 3 C 方法，路径，通道；方法，路径，通道；UU（在时间或距离上的）靠近，接近（在时间或距离上的）靠近，接近 His approach to the problem is wrong. 他处理这个问题的方法是错误的。 All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police. 所有通往机场的道路都被警察封锁了。 The approach of the exam is making him very nervous. 考试的临近正使他非常紧张。 总结 an approach to.的方法，

23、通往.的道路 the approach of.的来临/临近 ensure vt.确保，保证，担保确保，保证，担保 常见搭配：ensure (sb.) sth. 保证（某人）某事保证（某人）某事/ /物物 ensurefrom/against 确保确保不受不受伤害伤害 All necessary steps have been taken to ensure their safety. 已采取所有必要措施来确保他们的安全。 A good sleep will ensure you a quicker recovery. 好的睡眠会确保你更快恢复。 Our workout system will

24、ensure that you lose weight and build muscles quickly and safely. 我们的健身方法将确保你快速而安全地减肥并增强肌肉。 These safety facilities are used to ensure workers from accidents. 这些安全设施是用来确保工人不出事故的。 generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的慷慨的，大方的 常见搭配: be generous with sth. 在某方面大方在某方面大方 be generous in doing sth. 乐于做某事乐于做某事 Its generous o

25、f sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是慷慨 He is generous with his money. 他不吝啬金钱。 She is generous in giving help. 她乐于助人。 It was generous of him to contribute a lot of money to the rural schools. 他很慷慨，为乡村学校捐了很多钱。 归纳拓展： generosity n. 慷慨，大方 generously adv. 慷慨地，大方地 position （1）vt. 安装，安置，使处于安装，安置，使处于 Large television sc

26、reens were positioned at either end of the stadium. 体育场的两端安装了大型电视屏幕。 She quickly positioned herself behind the desk. 她迅速在桌子后面就位。 （2）n. 位置；适当的位置；姿态，姿势；处境，状况位置；适当的位置；姿态，姿势；处境，状况 常见搭配： in a position (to do sth.) (做某事做某事)处于处于的处境的处境 out of /in position 不在不在/在恰当的位置在恰当的位置 From his position on the cliff top

27、, he had a good view of the harbor. 他在悬崖之巅，海港景色一览无余。 They had to stand for hours without changing position. 他们得一动不动地站几个小时。 Hes going to be in a very difficult position if things go badly for him. 如果情况变糟的话，他的处境将非常困难。 All parking signs have now been placed in position. 所有停车标记都已安放就位。 （3）n. 观点，态度，立场。常与介

28、词观点，态度，立场。常与介词on搭配搭配 Whats your position on this problem? 你对这个问题持什么态度？ The principal took the position that the students should have enough exercise. 那位校长认为学生应该有足够的锻炼。 （4）n. 职务，职位职务，职位 Bruce is thinking of applying for the position. 布鲁斯正在考虑申请那个职位。 eager adj. 热切的，渴求的，渴望的热切的，渴求的，渴望的 Kate was in a hurr

29、y to grow up, eager for knowledge and experience. 凯特急于长大，渴望获取知识和经验。 Many students are eager to find a good way to have their English writing improved in a short period. 许多学生渴望找到一个能在短期内提高英语写作水平的好方法。 Tom was eager for you to come to the party. 汤姆渴望你能来参加晚会。 These children are eager that their parents (

30、should) come home. 这些孩子热切希望他们的父母回家。 常见搭配： be eager for 渴求得到 be eager (for sb.)to do sth. 渴望（某人）做某事 be eager that 热切希望（从句谓语动词用 should+动词原形，should 可以省略） 归纳拓展： eagerly adv. 热切地 eagerness n. 渴望，热切 “渴望” 的其他表达： （1）渴望获得某物 long for sth. be greedy for sth. be dying for sth. be thirsty for sth. be anxious for

31、 sth. （2）渴望做某事 long to do sth. be dying to do sth. be anxious to do sth. make up （1）构成；编造（故事，谎言等）；化妆 The Chinese make up the largest single ethnic group in the citys public schools. 华人在该市公立学校中构成最大的一个族群。 I think it is very unkind of you to make up stories about him. 我认为你编造关于他的谣言是很不厚道的做法。 They made hi

32、m up as an old man for the last act of the play. 在这出戏的最后一幕，他们把他扮演成一个老人。 （2）补上（失去的东西）；补偿，弥补（常与for连 用）；和解，和好（常与with连用） Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow? 我今天下午早点走，明天补上这段时间可以吗？ Nothing can make up for the loss of a child. 失去一个孩子是任何东西都无法弥补的。 How do you think I can make up wi

33、th Tom? 你觉得我怎样才能跟汤姆和解？ 用单词的适当形式填空。 MMMMost people use the _(shorten) name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. They use the same flag, _(know) as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. They had castles _(build) all around England, and make changes to the legal system.

34、 When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it _(announce) that there were no audio guides left. We found ourselves very _(surprise) by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of National Gallery. shortenedshortened knownknown builtbuilt a

35、nnouncedannounced surprisedsurprised 过去分词过去分词-作定语、宾补作定语、宾补 一一 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语 1 及物动词的过去分词作定语：及物动词的过去分词作定语：被修饰词与动词之间是动 宾关系，且表示动作已经完成，或只表示动宾关系。 Tom drank some boiled water and hurried to school. 汤姆喝了一些白开水，就匆匆忙忙朝学校赶去。（表被动 和完成） When he came into power, he decided to be a leader loved by everyone. 当他开始掌权时

36、，他决定做一个受大家爱戴的领袖。（只 表被动） 2 不及物动词的过去分词作定语：不及物动词没 有被动语态，因此作定语时只表示动作的完成， 不表被动；并且只作前置定语。 When I woke up next morning, I found the ground was covered with fallen leaves. 当我早上醒来时，发现地上全是落叶。（只表示 完成） 3 形容词化的过去分词作定语：英语中某些表示感 觉得动词，其过去分词表示“感到.的”，表示被修 饰词所处的状态。 It was a great pleasure to have such a devoted friend

37、. 有这么一个忠实的朋友真是太令人高兴了。 The scared boy told me the scaring news in a scared voice. 那个吓坏了的男孩用惊恐的声音告诉了我这个可怕 的消息。 4 过去分词作定语的位置 （1）单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，但是 left只作后置定语。 The broken vase has been thrown outside. 那个碎了的花瓶已经被扔到外面去了。 The books left are for my students. 剩下的书是给我的学生的。 注意： 单个的过去分词修饰something, every

38、thing,anything,nothing ,nobody等复合不定代词时，要放在这 些词的后面。 He is one of those invited. 他是那些被邀请的人之一。 Is there anything unfinished? 还有什么没有完成的吗？ (2)过去分词短语作后置定语要放在被修饰词的 后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 I borrwed a book written by Mark Twain from the library. = I borrowed a book which/that was written by Mark Twain from the lib

39、rary. 二 过去分词作宾补 1 作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间的关系 （1）及物动词的过去分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语是 组成过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语和组成过去分词的动词 之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 I want the letter posted. 我想把这封信寄出去。 （2）少数不及物动词如go, fall等过去分词作宾语补足 雨，仅仅表示动作已经完成。因此，宾语与组成过去分 词的动词之间不存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 She found her necklace gone on her way home. 她在回家的路上发现项链不见了。 （3）动词seat, hide, dress等的过去分词作

40、宾补 一般表示状态，而不表示被动意义。 When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner. 我进来时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。 2 过去分词作宾语补足语的情况 （1）感官动词后的过去分词作宾补： see, notice, watch, hear, feel, find等感官动词后作宾补的过去分词与宾语之 间为动宾关系，表示被动且完成或者只表被动。 I heard the English song sung twice in the next room. 我听到隔壁房间唱了两遍这首英文歌。（表被动、完 成） Id like

41、 to see the pan carried out. 我想看到这个计划被实施下去。（只表被动） 2）使役动词后的过去分词作宾补：make, have, get, leave, keep等使役动词后作宾补的过去分词与 宾语之间为动宾关系。 He tried to speak slowly to make himself understood. 他试图慢慢的说话，以使别人明白他的意思。 The guests left most of the dishes untouched because they didnt taste delicious. 大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为他们都不可口。 （3）with结构中的过分作宾补：with结构中的 过分作宾补时，与宾语之间是动宾关系，并且 表示被动动作的完成或状态。 John received an invitation to dinner and with his work with his work finishedfinished, he gladly accepted it. 约翰收到了一份宴请函，因为工作已经完成， 所以他欣然接受了邀请，（表示被动且完成） Tom always sleeps with his window closedwith his window closed. 汤姆总是关着窗户睡觉。（表示被动、状态）